Participatory Development Approach Research Articles

Participatory Development Approach for the Rural Road Networks: A Case of Infrastructure Development Office, Kaski

This study aims to assess people’s participation in the rural road projects in Kaski District of Gandaki Province. The data were collected from 50 conveniently selected residents along the road project alignment Dopahare-Kristi-Bakrek- Pawaigaude area, using the convenient sampling procedure. This study is descriptive, and the questionnaires were used to collect data concerning the people’s participation and road infrastructure development in the villages. The findings of the study reveal that the presence of poor rural road infrastructure, both in quality and access, the road sector was found external resource-dependent, deficient in resource mobilization and topography of the rural area by itself escalates the problem. The community participation is not well-institutionalized in this project. The study concludes that public participation is crucial in developing a country like Nepal. People’s participation in Nepal is limited only for elite people, but not for people from disadvantaged groups. Though people’s participation has increased in Nepal over the last few decades but people from the underprivileged groups do not participate to the same extent of the elite group, which creates disputes in the society. This study recommends all concerned bodies such as the local communities, the municipality, and other stakeholders to take their responsibility to solve this critical issue.

A Study on Analysis of Factors Responsible for Adoption and Non-adoption of Green Technologies in Rice Based Ecosystem

The present study was conducted in Trichy and Madurai district of Tamil Nadu. From each district two blocks were selected. Thus, the total sample size of 240 were selected for the present investigation. Nature of technology (RBQ = 89.29) was the foremost factor governing the adoption of green technologies in technology and cultivation factor, social recognition (RBQ= 75.46) was the primary factor in social factors. Premium price (RBQ=72.58) was the foremost marketing factor followed by subsidies and schemes (RBQ= 73.37) as the paramount economic factor governing the adoption and non-adoption of green technologies as perceived by the farmers. Improvement needs to be done in accessing information by farmers. Most of the farmers felt complexity in the use of agricultural invention. This could be rectified by participatory technology development approach where farmers also a part of technology development. The farmers need to be provided with the knowledge of market demand for the produce, which will help the farmers to get more income and wastage of the produce will also minimized.

Sustainability of donor-funded projects in developing remote minority Tonga communities of Zimbabwe

Underdevelopment and poverty are causes for concern, towards the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly in the Global South. In most developing countries donor-funded projects through non-governmental organisations (NGOs) accompany governments’ quest to achieve development through poverty reduction initiatives. However, the sustainability of these donor-funded projects in developing minority communities remains questionable. As such, this research evaluates the sustainability of donor-funded projects in developing remote-minority Tonga communities of Zimbabwe in pursuit of the SDGs. The research adopted a descriptive survey design triangulating quantitative and qualitative data collection techniques. Ten percent (805) of the total households (8053) in four wards of Binga District (Siabuwa Ward 23, Pashu Ward 19, Kabuba Ward 17, and Kani Ward 24) were selected to participate in this study. Findings indicated that there are various projects (food aid, water and sanitation, monetary aid, and climate change resilience) undertaken by NGOs in Binga District. There was a slight change in household socio-economic development since the operation of NGOs in the district and challenges were witnessed after donor-assistance withdrawal. This resulted in the stagnancy or collapse of some projects which affected the development of the Tonga minority community. There is an inadequate understanding of the livelihoods of the poor in Binga District due to a lack of adequate needs assessments, hence the need for participatory grassroots development approaches. Lack of development in Binga District, despite the various donor-funded projects operating in the area, is an indicator that the projects are insufficient and ineffective to deal with underdevelopment in this district. The paper recommends a shift in approaches used by both NGOs and the government to ensure sustainability in donor-funded projects to develop minority communities and help the government in its efforts to attain Vision 2030 and the SDGs.

Dinamika Dan Kemandirian Kelompok Badan Keswadayaan Masyarakat (BKM) Program Kota Tanpa Kumuh (KOTAKU) Di Kota Padang

Development based on groups becomes a participatory development approach pattern by involving the community directly through groups. This research aims: (1)To find out and analyze the characteristics of the members of BKM, National Slum Upgrading Program ( Program Kotaku ) in Padang city, (2)To find out and analyze the level of dynamics and independence of the BKM, National Slum Upgrading Program / Program Kotaku in Padang city and (3)To find out and analyze how much influence the characteristics of members and the level of dynamics on the independence of the BKM group in the KOTAKU Program in Padang City. This research was conducted using a quantitative approach. The data collection technique was carried out by distributing questionnaires offline to the BKM members in Padang City. Data management using SPSS version 24 by linear regretion analysis.
 The results of the study prove the majority of BKM members in the city of Padang are women aged between 46-65 years with an average education level of high school, the characteristics partially have no effect on the independence of the BKM group, the dynamics of the BKM group partially have a significant influence on the independence of the BKM. Both of characteristics and group dynamics have a positive and significant influence on the independence of the BKM group. The results also confirm that the level of group dynamics and group independence in Padang City is in the medium category, therefore strategic efforts need to be improved. The suggestions are: 1. Efforts are needed to increase the dynamics of the BKM group in Padang City, 2. In the future, it is hoped that young/productive generations will emerge to join BKM members to be more productive and more dynamic, because the more dynamic a group is, the more independent the group will be. This research is expected to provide input for the BKM group as well as for community empowerment program stakeholders, especially the KOTAKU Program, Directorate General of Human Settlements, Ministry of PUPR.

Serengeti’s futures: Exploring land use and land cover change scenarios to craft pathways for meeting conservation and development goals

Rapid land use transformations and increased climatic uncertainties challenge potential sustainable development pathways for communities and wildlife in regions with strong economic reliance on natural resources. In response to the complex causes and consequences of land use change, participatory scenario development approaches have emerged as key tools for analyzing drivers of change to help chart the future of socio-ecological systems. We assess stakeholder perspectives of land use and land cover change (LULCC) and integrate co-produced scenarios of future land cover change with spatial modeling to evaluate how future LULCC in the wider Serengeti ecosystem might align or diverge with the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals and the African Union’s Agenda 2063. Across the wider Serengeti ecosystem, population growth, infrastructural development, agricultural economy, and political will in support of climate change management strategies were perceived to be the key drivers of future LULCC. Under eight scenarios, declines in forest area as a proportion of total land area ranged from 0.1% to 4% in 2030 and from 0.1% to 6% in 2063, with the preservation of forest cover linked to the level of protection provided. Futures with well-demarcated protected areas, sound land use plans, and stable governance were highly desired. In contrast, futures with severe climate change impacts and encroached and degazetted protected areas were considered undesirable. Insights gained from our study are important for guiding pathways toward achieving sustainability goals while recognizing societies’ relationship with nature. The results highlight the usefulness of multi-stakeholder engagement, perspective sharing, and consensus building toward shared socio-ecological goals.

Working with local governments to increase access to WASH services: a case of WaterAid's participatory approaches in Nigeria

Abstract Attempts to implement participatory processes are often complicated by realities which make objectives of participation unattainable. Hence, if participation is to mean more than good intentions, it is vital to understand the strategies deployed by international nongovernmental organisations (INGOs) in participatory development. This study employed a qualitative case-study approach to evaluate the participatory processes employed in two WASH projects implemented by WaterAid Nigeria attempting work with Local Government Areas: the Sustainable Total Sanitation project and the HSBC Water programme. WaterAid Nigeria's participatory development approach recognises the responsibility of the various tiers of government for its citizens' wellbeing, especially the need for partnership with the Local Government Area (LGA) towards the delivery of WASH services. The state, as the ‘duty bearer’, is responsible for the provision of WASH services. Thus, both projects centred on government capacity building and community empowerment through the establishment and capacity development of WASH units in LGAs, insistence on counterpart funding and the establishment of water, sanitation and hygiene committees (WASHCOMs). Despite these attempts, findings highlighted the persistence of inefficiencies within the LGA WASH system that rendered partnerships ineffective. At the community level, WASHCOMs were not sustainable. Despite the challenges of implementing partnerships between INGOs and LGAs, such partnership remains a way to improve the provision of WASH services in Nigeria and other low- and middle-income countries. To better work within the participatory model, WASH INGOs should explore how to better use existing LGA arrangements for service delivery. Additionally, the LGA, as a duty bearer, could foster genuine, non-discriminatory spaces for the participation of communities by taking political, socio-economic and cultural differences into account.

Acceptance of an Internet-Based Team Development Tool Aimed at Improving Work-Related Well-being in Nurses: Cross-sectional Study.

BackgroundWorkplace health interventions can produce beneficial health- and business-related outcomes. However, such interventions have traditionally focused on lifestyle behaviors of individuals, mostly not considering the role of working conditions. The wecoach intervention is an internet-based tool that combines both a digital and a participatory team development approach aimed at addressing critical job demands and resources as key aspects of health-promoting working conditions. Nursing staff are particularly affected by challenging working conditions and could potentially benefit greatly. Understanding the acceptance of novel workplace health promotion approaches is a critical precursor to their successful implementation and use.ObjectiveThis study aims to examine the factors influencing the acceptance of a digitally supported team development tool among nurse managers.MethodsA sample of 32 nurse managers from 3 German-speaking countries tested wecoach and completed our online questionnaire. Hypotheses were based on the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) and the organizational health development (OHD) model and were tested using multiple regression analyses.ResultsOur analyses found that merely capacities on the team level (CapTeam) significantly contributed to the acceptance of wecoach, although only after the other variables were excluded in the stepwise multiple regression analysis. The UTAUT predictors were unable to add significant variance explanation beyond that, and their inclusion masked the contribution of CapTeam.ConclusionsFor the acceptance of a digitally supported participatory tool, the fit with the team, its culture, and its motivation are of critical importance, while aspects proposed by traditional acceptance models, such as the UTAUT, may not be applicable.

Towards a participatory framework for improving water & health outcomes: A case study with Maasai women in rural Tanzania

Rural communities in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are disproportionately burdened by a pervasive lack of access to safe drinking water. Widespread programmatic failure in the water, sanitation, and hygiene (WaSH) sector has resulted in particularly slow progress in alleviating these challenges in the region. Drawing from decolonial and participatory methodological scholarship, this research demonstrates how geographically and demographically specific, locally controlled, and long-term educational programming can improve health and wellness outcomes when associated with a technological intervention. Specifically, consultations between January 2015 and August 2018 were followed by an iterative and community-driven program development process between January and July 2019. Fifty Maasai women were subsequently recruited to participate and were provided with a point-of-use water treatment technology in August 2019. These women engaged in a series of three 14-week WaSH education programs over an 18-month evaluation period. Results showed that 38% of participants reported regular diarrhea at baseline, decreasing to 8%, 0%, and 3% immediately after each of the three WaSH education programs were provided at 3, 12, and 18 months. Interim measurements taken between WaSH programs showed 35% of participants (at 6 months) and 5% of participants (at 15 months) reporting regular diarrhea. A trend of improvement was thus observed over the study period, though the increase in reported diarrhea at 6 months demonstrates the need for long-term commitment on the part of WASH practitioners when engaging with end users to achieve sustained change. Further, this research highlights the importance of participatory program development and pedagogical approaches in WaSH interventions, where local control of study objective determination and implementation, combined with consistent and long-term engagement, can facilitate sustained technology use and associated reductions in diarrhea.

UTILIZING VILLAGE WATER BODIES FOR POLYCULTURE OF FISH AND PRAWN: ROLE OF INPUTS IN PRODUCTION ENHANCEMENT

A field study on participatory technology development (PTD) approaches was taken up in the southern transitional zone (Zone 7) of Karnataka in village water bodies leased by the Grama Panchayat. Polyculture of Indian Major Carps catla and rohu with freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii was investigated. The experimental water bodies were of the size 0.8 to 1.0 ha, having an average depth of 1.8 m to 2 m. After observing pre-stocking management measures, the water bodies were stocked with fingerlings of catla and rohu at 0.5 /m2each and juveniles of prawn at1/m2. In T1, replicate water bodies received cow dung as manure at 6 t/ha, applied in split doses of 375 kg once every fortnight and the fish were fed at the rate of 3% of body weight daily in the morning hours. Water bodies receiving only cow dung at 6t/ha were designated T2. Two water bodies without either of the inputs served as the control and were designated as T3. The average total production in T1 treatment was significantly higher at 3401.40 kg/ha compared to T2 and T3, which recorded 1674.25 kg/ha and 975.75 kg/ha production respectively. Production of the prawn was 544.50 kg/ha, 146.75 kg/ha and 45.25 kg/ha in T1, T2, and T3 treatments. The average survival rate of fish was 83.41%, 54.39%, and 32.16%, while that of the prawn was 64.55%, 34.65% and 28.6% respectively. The study indicates that use of manure and feed in polyculture of fish and prawns could be a viable strategy for enhancing productivity and profitability in village water bodies.

Nigerian economic policy response to COVID-19: An evaluation of policy actors' views.

COVID‐19 has caused economic hardship globally. Several economies are making efforts to cushion these negative effects. Following the lockdown and downward trend of global oil prices, the Nigerian economy has been hard hit. This paper sheds light on policy actors' views vis‐à‐vis what should be the economic policy response of the Nigerian government to cushion the effects of COVID‐19 and ensure quick economic recovery. A multistage random sampling method was used to select and interview 635 policy actors drawn from academia/research institutes, civil society organizations, development partners, international NGOs, national NGOs, the private sector, and the public sector. The study adopted a participatory development approach. Descriptive and deductive analysis methods were used. The results support direct cash transfers to households, and small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs) as the policy option that would have huge impact in mitigating the economic effects of COVID‐19 in Nigeria. The second most recommended policy option is the eradication of corruption among government officials. The paper recommends that pragmatic actions towards eradicating corrupt practices among government officials should be an integral part of any economic recovery policy in Nigeria and other emerging economies.

Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Pembudidaya Ikan Nila di Desa Paya Udang Kecamatan Seruway Kabupaten Aceh Tamiang

Paya Udang is a village located in Seruway sub-district, Aceh Tamiang district, Aceh Province. Due to the lack of understanding related to community aquaculture management in managing freshwater fish farming in Paya Udang village, it is necessary to conduct aquaculture management training. The purpose of this training activity is to equip the Paya Udang village community in tilapia cultivation activities. This activity was carried out in Paya Udang village, Seruway sub-district, Aceh Tamiang district, involving 6 participants. The method used is a Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) and Community development approach. The result of this training activity is an increase in the knowledge of the members of the PEMUDA JAYA cultivation group in the cultivation of freshwater fish, especially tilapia.

Participatory Methods for Systems Modeling of Youth Mental Health: Implementation Protocol.

BackgroundDespite significant investment, mental health issues remain a leading cause of death among young people globally. Sophisticated decision analysis methods are needed to better understand the dynamic and multisector drivers of youth mental health. System modeling can help explore complex issues such as youth mental health and inform strategies to effectively respond to local needs and achieve lasting improvements. The advantages of engaging stakeholders in model development processes have long been recognized; however, the methods for doing so are often not well-described.ObjectiveThis paper aims to describe the participatory procedures that will be used to support systems modeling for national multisite implementation. The Right Care, First Time, Where You Live research program will focus on regional youth mental health applications of systems modeling in 8 different sites across Australia.MethodsThe participatory model development approach involves an iterative process of engaging with a range of participants, including people with lived experience of mental health issues. Their knowledge of the local systems, pathways, and drivers is combined with the academic literature and data to populate the models and validate their structure. The process centers around 3 workshops where participants interact and actively engage in group model-building activities to define, refine, and validate the systems models. This paper provides a detailed blueprint for the implementation of this process for mental health applications.ResultsThe participatory modeling methods described in this paper will be implemented at 2 sites per year from 2022 to 2025. The 8 selected sites have been chosen to capture variations in important factors, including determinants of mental health issues and access to services. Site engagement commenced in August 2021, and the first modeling workshops are scheduled to commence in February 2022.ConclusionsMental health system decision makers require tools to help navigate complex environments and leverage interdisciplinary problem-solving. Systems modeling can mobilize data from diverse sources to explore a range of scenarios, including the impact of interventions in different combinations and contexts. Involving stakeholders in the model development process ensures that the model findings are context-relevant and fit-for-purpose to inform decision-making.International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)PRR1-10.2196/32988

Participatory Local Governance for Sustainable Community Development, Approaches and Actions (Al- muizz street: analytical study)

Social capital has been one of the important topics recently in the cultural heritage field. From “social management” to “social governance” which opened varies diversified possibilities in the participation valorization aspects. Since communities are considered as one of the most important stakeholders, partners and part of the society, thus the most important part of the social governance is the community governance. Numerous researchers had argued that public participation can build social capital, social cohesion and social inclusion, while establish communication channels with strengthen and enhancement of the social networks. Therefore, cultural institution projects are often seen as illegal if they do not contain forms of citizen engagement. The paper addresses the effectiveness of the participatory development approaches in one of the valued and livable heritage sites in Egypt which is Al- Muizz Street (part of Historic Cairo). Moreover, it examines the hypothesis that community governance participatory development approaches are a vehicle for building social capital.

Impact Of Seawall Development To The Sulawesi Fishermen Community In Pambusuang Village

A coastal protection structure mostly built to protect human from the detructive wind and wave energy. The various option of type and design has been invented in the development. This study investigates the impact of seawall development in Pambusuang Village, West Sulawesi. This study will examine the fishery activity change after the development of seawall. The benefit and disadvantages of the seawall structure to the community also as well as the community response to address the impact of seawall development will be explored in this study. A mix quantitave and qualitative approach is used in this study. A set of questionnare has been distributed and structured interview to selected infromant were also conducted. The study found that fishermen has changed their docking behavior due to the limited area to docking. Moreover, the respondent believes that seawall has properly function to halt erosion, protect their house and other infrastructure from the wave attack. The other issues is the disharmony between pro and contra seawall development, inundated river flow and damage of natural habitat. The response of the community to addressing some impact of the seawall development such as their adaptation to the sloping gate between the seawall, the use of traditional anti fouling painting and their suggestion to construct breakwater disattached from the shoreline. The findings above has been formed the basis of recommendations to have a participatory development approach and experience sharing between the parties in the community to adapt with the impact of seawall development.

Participatory developmental approach and the implementation of international aid policies: Yemen as a case study

ABSTRACT This study sheds light on the factors that affect the effectiveness of implementing international development policies in recipient countries. The implementation of international aid policy should focus not only on what can be implemented and on what can work, but also on incorporating local knowledge and skills to ensure effective implementation aligned with the local environment. By adopting the participatory approach, the implementation of international development aid policies becomes a learning process to better understand the local environment and specific political and social contexts during implementation. It is noted that the implementation of development policies in the international context is a complex and interactive process between stakeholders from both the donor and the recipient and calls for building consensus and resolving disputes that may arise between the main stakeholders. In this study, the participatory development approach introduced in the framework of Dutch aid aimed at reforming the public education sector in Yemen, with projects aimed at reforming the higher education sector as a case study.

Community Participation and the Quality of Rural Infrastructure in Ethiopia

AbstractEthiopia’s Productive Safety Net Programme (PSNP) is one of the world’s largest food security programmes. The programme supports chronically food insecure rural households and at the same time promotes long-term food security through the creation of rural infrastructure. While studies on the PSNP have examined various features of the programme, there is limited knowledge on the quality and durability of infrastructure built through the programme. Ensuring and maintaining the quality of local public goods built through the PSNP and similar social protection programmes is a costly and recurring issue. Motivated by the long-term objective of the programme, this paper analyses the role played by a key design feature of the PSNP, that is, its Community-Based Participatory Watershed Development approach in influencing a project’s physical condition and its operational status. The paper is based on survey data and technical assessments provided by soil and water conservation (SWC) engineers covering a sample of 249 SWC projects located in 53 watershed communities. The survey is complemented by qualitative information gathered through interviews and discussions. The location of multiple projects, with differing levels of participation in the same watershed communities, permits estimation of the effects of community participation after controlling for community fixed effects. We find that projects in which beneficiaries play a larger role in project monitoring and evaluation are substantially less likely to be damaged and in better operational condition. These results support the idea that community participation translates into more durable infrastructure.

Internal versus top-down monitoring in community resource management: Experimental evidence from Ethiopia

The evidence on the effectiveness of participatory development approaches in low-income countries is ambiguous. We randomly vary governance modalities to study elite capture in Ethiopian forest user groups and explore implications for livelihoods of group members. Top-down monitoring and punishment increases consumption and income, and decreases inequality. In contrast, internal monitoring has no effect on livelihoods. Additional heterogeneity analysis, based on observational data, reveals that while top-down monitoring works in groups where forest benefits are unimportant, internal monitoring improves economic outcomes in those groups where forest benefits are an important component of rural livelihoods. This suggests that participatory approaches work if targeted participants have strong incentives to voluntarily contribute effort.

Development of a Psychosocial Online Self-Help Program for Cancer Patients: A Patient-Oriented Approach

Involving potential end users in the development process of digital interventions makes it possible to ensure that these programs meet the needs, requirements and expectations of future users, which in turn has a positive impact on acceptance and adherence. This contribution presents a participatory development approach for the patient-centered design of the psycho-oncological online self-help epos, which aims to provide support in coping with cancer. Patients were involved in the developmental process at two points. At an early stage of development, semi-standardized in-depth interviews were conducted with patients diagnosed by different types of cancer (N=10) and were qualitatively evaluated with regard to their view of (1) the cancer disease and (2) the design of an online self-help on the content, structural and design levels. At a later stage, a prototype of the online self-help was evaluated in a pilot phase. The qualitative analysis of the interviews with a total of N=742 codings resulted in five main content categories (changes in everyday life and future experience, changes in social relationships, processing mechanisms, loss of control, difficult emotions), which provide information about the central challenges and burdens of people with cancer. Participants showed particularly strong emotions around interpersonal concerns, so in addition to the emotion-based focus, the online self-help also included a focus on social relationships. Structural and design implications for development related primarily to clarity and user-friendliness. The pilot phase allowed evaluating whether the requirements for the online self-help that were described by cancer patients at an early stage of development were met. Patient participation in the development process of the digital online self-help epos provided information for the design at various levels. Involving potential end users in several development phases can ensure that the requirements and suggestions have been sufficiently considered not only from the perspective of the developers, but also from the perspective of future users. These findings confirm the importance of a patient-centered approach in the development of digital offerings.

Continuing participatory research beyond the end of projects: participatory quality development in municipal health promotion

The limited timeframes of participatory health research (PHR) studies make it difficult to achieve the desired specific social changes through the projects. This is particularly true for the promotion of health equity in municipal settings. This article examines how participatory quality development (PQE) approaches can complement PGF in order to implement participation as aquality criterion in health promotion and to contribute to the sustainability of research results.Based on the structure and course of two participatory research projects on integrated municipal health promotion, quality development processes with older people and parents of preschool children are described.Structural and process design contribute significantly to the transfer of research results into practice and beyond the end of the project. In their structure and by continuously involving local partners and stakeholders, projects must ensure that the principles of participatory quality development are implemented in processes from the very beginning.Participation as aquality criterion in health promotion is now well established. However, there is adeficit in the implementation of this claim. PGF and PQE consistently implement the criterion but place high demands on structure and process design. It is recommended that participation principles should be anchored in cooperation agreements in the municipal partnerships and supportive frameworks for participatory approaches should be continuously developed.

Indigenizing Participation for Sustainable Community-Based Development Programmes in Ghana

The efficacy of indigenous knowledge and local participation has been argued to be some of the pathways to curbing the present indigenous community development impasse. Employing an in-depth qualitative research approach, 32 traditional and community development leaders as well as local government officials were interviewed to ascertain local the present community development paradigms and proposed future pathways. Drawing from local insights and a range of scholarly perspectives this paper assessed how meaningful indigenous knowledge systems and indigenous people can actively engage and sustain community-driven development programmes. Utilizing a process analysis, the paper, established that there is a disconnect between indigenous community knowledge systems, values, norms and other cultural realities and contemporary participatory community development approaches. It further illustrates, the absence of local participation in community development and proposed a framework for the integration of indigenous knowledge systems, institutions and other cultural realities in community-based development programmes to ensure development sustainability.