Civil Society Participation Research Articles

ПРИЕМНАЯ СЕМЬЯ ДЛЯ ПОЖИЛЫХ И ИНВАЛИДОВ КАК ИННОВАЦИОННАЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ СОЦИАЛЬНОГО ОБСЛУЖИВАНИЯ

The article discusses the features of social services for the elderly in modern Russian society. In order to improve and maintain their health, activity, support, and in the absence of decent living conditions, older people can stay in stationary or semi-residential institutions that provide a full range of social services, and can also receive home care, remaining in their usual home conditions. . However, due to their difficult financial situation, many elderly citizens are not always able to pay for social services. Also, the lack of places in specialized institutions, limited funding, overcrowding of nursing homes and boarding schools necessitates the search for alternative and innovative forms of social services for the elderly and disabled. As a special and effective form of life arrangement for the elderly and disabled, their placement in a foster family is considered, by providing family support and creating full-fledged social and living conditions. The foster or substitute family model has been developed in a number of European countries and the USA. The introduction in Russia of an alternative model of a foster family for the elderly and disabled will help solve their pressing problems, as well as provide them with constant care and concern. A foster family for an elderly person is a good opportunity in the future to abandon the activities of nursing homes, in many of which the elderly live out their lives, in the truest sense of the word. This technology provides an elderly person with the necessary care and living conditions, leisure activities, psychological support, and additional material support for a foster family. The development of the institution of a foster family for the elderly as an innovative form of their life arrangement will significantly improve the quality of life of older citizens, change their “social well-being”, save them from the problem of loneliness, and strengthen the connection between generations. Solving social, social, psychological and other problems of older people requires more active participation of civil society and society, a constant search for effective forms of social services.

The Impact of Peacekeeping Missions on Women’s Empowerment

What effect do peacekeeping operations (PKOs) have on women’s empowerment? The gendered consequences of peacekeeping have long been an issue of contention. Stung by multiple cases of peacekeepers directly engaging in sexual exploitation and abuse, the United Nations took measures to mainstream gender equality within PKO goals, ranging from protection from sexual violence to the encouragement of female participation in peacebuilding processes. Yet while a growing body of research has begun to provide insights into the gendered aspects of the PKOs themselves, much less is known about the broader gendered impact of PKOs on the host countries. To better understand these effects, we examine the extent to which PKOs serve to advance female empowerment in terms of women’s participation in official political channels as well as women’s civil liberties and active involvement in civil society participation. Examining these linkages from 1970–2013, we find that multidimensional PKOs are conducive to growing levels of women’s empowerment, though such growth decreases considerably after the conclusion of the PKO.

ISLAMIC EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS AND SOCIAL CHANGE IN RURAL COMMUNITIES

This study is based on the assumption that rural communities tend to strongly uphold traditions and face difficulties in adapting to changes. However, through the implementation of humanistic Islamic education, dynamic transformations occur within these communities. This study aimed to explore the existence of actors who can influence human resources through educational institutions based on local wisdom (pesantren) that can affect and mediate social situations without conflict. this research uses the qualitative method, the phenomenological approach used to explore qualitative study using a phenomenological approach, and Robert King Merton's structural-functional theory used as an analysis and points of view. Based on interview results, non-participant observations, and data analysis using James P. Spradley's model, it is found that the manifest function of the Pesantren is to provide a place for learning Quranic knowledge, moral education, and worship, starting from elementary school age. Furthermore, when the impact of the quality of the manifest function is analyzed from the perspective of latent functions, it is evident that the Pesantren catalyzes significant social change in rural communities. The research reveals that what sets it apart from other social structures in the village is its ability to alter the mindset of the community, leading to positive behaviors such as increased social solidarity, generosity, and civil society engagement in the rural community.

РОЛЬ ГРАЖДАНСКОГО ОБЩЕСТВА В ФОРМИРОВАНИИ МЕРИТОРНЫХ ПОТРЕБНОСТЕЙ: ЭКОНОМИКО-ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЙ АСПЕКТ

The article substantiates the position that one of the most important functions of civil society is the translation of public needs into state and economic subsystems. At the same time, civil society is understood as an analytically independent sphere and to a certain extent empirically separated from the state and from the market. Relying on the provisions of Richard Musgrave's concept of meritorious goods, the authors prove that the public interest is formed as a result of individual preferences learned and accepted by individuals acting in accordance with group norms and attitudes. In this regard, one of the main functions of non–governmental non–profit organizations - actors of civil society – is to establish trust relations with the public administration sphere, on the one hand, and the economic sphere, on the other. The application of the research approach of the meritorious concept to the analysis of civil society, according to the authors, opens up a wide range for economic research that does not belong to the classical school. The article deals mainly with theoretical aspects of the formation of social needs with the participation of civil society. At the same time, the opinion is expressed that the mechanism of partnership interaction of civil institutions with the state contributes to the effective implementation of the function of translating public needs into other subsystems of society.

Islamic Law Legislation in Indonesia: Anomalies of the Relationship between Political Configuration and Zakat Legal Product during the Reform Era

This article discusses the anomaly of democratic political configuration relation that produces conservative zakat law product in Law Number 23 Year 2011 on Zakat Management. Zakat law has experienced the positivation of Islamic law through what is called the legislative process in the House of Representatives. Through its stipulation, it actually led to rejection from Muslim civil society groups. This rejection is an indication that the law is not responsive to civil society. This research is normative juridical with a political approach to law that places legislation as a political product. Edward W. Soja’s spatial justice theory is used to analyze this issue. The findings of this research are, first, the anomaly of political configuration relations towards zakat law products occurs because of the still entrenched character of executive dominance in making zakat law in the DPR. Second, to produce a responsive law, it must provide space for spatial justice through the participation of Islamic civil society in making zakat law.

Bolsonaro's government and the dismantling of the participative institutions in environmental policy

AbstractIn 2018, Jair Bolsonaro won the Brazilian presidential election with the political support of conservative groups and large business groups that aimed to intensify a neo‐extractivist model of economic growth, leading to severe environmental damage. This article analyzes the first years of this government to understand how conservative neo‐populism associates economic growth strategies with brusque changes regarding the environment. We have identified the main measures adopted in the environmental arena, observing changes in the legislation, management bodies, and spaces available for civil society participation. This analysis demonstrates how Bolsonaro's government destroyed the institutional bases established during Brazilian redemocratization to intensify the neo‐extractivism model and gratify its supporters. Furthermore, we discuss how this dismantling of environmental governance implies grave consequences for the ecosystems, indigenous people, and other traditional populations.

Civil Society Organizations and Communal Harmony Building: Strategies and Dimensions

This paper examines the various dimensions of Civil society engagement in a country like India where low intensity conflicts between the two main religious communities in India. The paper uses Thania Paffenholz's categorization of the functions of civil society organizations work in peacebuilding to understand the role that organizations can play in a changed context. The paper looks at organizations in Hyderabad and Ahmedabad to examine each category in the functionalist approach. The paper is divided into three sections. The first section talks about the functional approach to peace building. The second section draws on extensive fieldwork conducted through in person interviews, participant observation and report analysis in the two cities of Ahmedabad and Hyderabad with four organizations. It highlights the importance of the context of peace building and the reasons why civil society activism for peacebuilding remains limited in capacity. Keywords: Sustainable peace, civil society organizations, functional approach to peacebuilding, democratization of peace process

Participatory Design and Public Policies: The Case of the General Regional Waste Plan in Valle d’Aosta (Italy)

Waste management is one of the most strategic areas of regional policy planning. The impact of decisions such as the allocation of industrial waste treatment plants and waste collection strategies can affect the economic structure and quality of life of territories. The effectiveness of regulatory and organisational arrangements of Regional Waste Plans is linked to the availability of technologies and material infrastructure, but also to social consensus and behaviours. On this level, participatory planning conducted through foresight techniques plays an increasing role. The article presents an innovative case carried out in Valle d’Aosta in 2021, with the aim of promoting the participatory methodology experimented and the institutionalisation of such applications in strategic waste planning processes. The process involved 35 different stakeholders (unions, businesses, schools, trade, environmental associations, etc.) in structured consultations based on the principle of building a shared transition to 2030. In particular, the project was effective in broadening the participation of civil society in the area, in making the plan’s objectives more ambitious, and in fostering the creation of a collaborative network between public, market and third sector actors.

Eloise Todd: mobilising civil society for pandemic prevention

Eloise Todd: mobilising civil society for pandemic prevention

PERAN KELUARGA DALAM MERAWAT ANGGOTA KELUARGA DALAM MERAWAT ANGGOTA KELUARGA COVID-19 ISOLASI MANDIRI TAHUN 2021

COVID-19 is a virus that attacks the respiratory system with symptoms of fever, cough, runny nose, sore throat, shortness of breath, fatigue and lethargy. In severe cases it can cause pneumonia, acute respiratory syndrome, and death. Facing Covid-19 which involves civil society participation can be started from the smallest unit, namely the family. Given that as the smallest social institution, the family is a complex miniature of society. The purpose of this study was to see the role of families in caring for independent isolation Covid-19 family members.Method : The research design was descriptive and the sampling technique used was total sampling.Result : The results of this study found that the majority of respondents were> 35 years old as many as 29 people (75%), the majority of high school respondents were 13 people (35.1%), the majority of respondents' status as parents was 20 people (54.1%), and the role of families of Covid-sufferers. 19 self-isolates, the majority were good, as many as 37 people (100%).Discussion : The family provides a good role for family members who are independently isolated so that maximum results are obtained for the healing of family members who are attacked by Covid-19.

The Effects of Democratic and Nondemocratic Institutions on CO2 Emissions

Democratic institutions that coordinate diffuse interests might be beneficial for climate protection. Because the implementation of democratic institutions varies among democracies as well as among autocracies, this study examines whether institutional aspects of different models of democracy affect CO2 emissions in democracies and autocracies. Similar studies have assumed uniform effects of democratic aspects in regimes of both types. The extent of the dependence of autocratic leaders on the support of the ruling party, the military, and/or a hereditary council might make them less responsive to incentives generated by democratic institutions to reduce CO2 emissions. This article, therefore, examines data on CO2 emissions from 1990 to 2020 in 66 democracies and 69 autocracies separately and analyses whether nondemocratic institutions limit the effects of democratic institutions. As democratic institutions might affect climate outcomes only in the long term, we examine cross-national variation in the long-term development of CO2 emissions and short-term changes in CO2 emissions within countries. In democracies, civil society participation and social equality contribute to a decrease in the long-term development of CO2 emissions. In autocracies, local and regional democracy contributes to lower CO2 emissions in the long term, and social equality decreases annual changes in CO2 emissions. Military influence limits these effects. In contrast, the dependence of the executive on a ruling party strengthens the negative effect of social equality on annual changes in CO2 emissions.

Challenges and strategies for gender mainstreaming policy in smart city development in Indonesia

A smart city is an urban policy innovation that can improve the community's quality of life by promoting environmental, social, and economic sustainability issues. The involvement and participation of civil society in developing smart cities is a major issue in implementing inclusive smart cities. However, gender issues are often forgotten in developing sustainable smart cities. This article examines two issues. First, the importance of gender issues integration in the development of sustainable smart cities in Indonesia. Second, the importance of gender mainstreaming policy in the development of smart cities in Indonesia. This is a desk study or literature study. Data were obtained from research results published in national and international journals. Data was obtained through accredited journal search engines, namely google scholar, SagePub and Researchgate. The research results show that development of smart city in Indonesia is not yet gender responsive, causing gender inequality gender and excluding women from development. To respond to this, thus there is a need for gender mainstreaming policies in developing smart cities through an overview of the challenges of gender mainstreaming in developing smart cities. Thus, this research recommends a gender mainstreaming strategy as a policy in developing smart cities in Indonesia. Gender mainstreaming policy in smart city development need to be to create a smart city life that is just, inclusive and involves women in development.

Responsibility to Reconcile: Adopting New Terms to Foster Recognition

The present article is the second of a three-series collection of articles that analyze the power of language to introduce a new set of concepts in contexts where societies can foster peacebuilding in post-conflict scenarios. I build up on Hannah Arendt’s moral responsibility work to understand the need to analyze responsibility in transitional justice frameworks while landing it on peacebuilding discussions. The article advances in how this concept can contribute to fostering recognition, the role it plays in [re]building civic trust and, ultimately, promoting reconciliation. This study is motivated to find a way to engage civil society in the process where social grounds are rethought on respect as a basis. I present a proposal to use the concept of responsibility while suggesting a definition circumscribed to the context of peacebuilding during transition processes.

Women, Peace and Security in central Europe: in between the western agenda and Russian imperialism

Abstract Although firmly established as a global norm, the Women, Peace and Security Agenda (WPS) has been largely driven by the global North attempting to solve insecurities in the global South. Postcolonial feminist research shows that this western-centrism and colonial legacies continue to dominate both WPS practices and knowledge production. This article focuses on WPS in central Europe, a previously ignored ‘non-region’ that remains outside the North–South divide. Combining postcolonial and decolonial approaches with feminist institutionalism, we interrogate what WPS becomes in the Czech, Polish and Slovakian contexts characterized by illiberal populist and anti-gender governance and politics. Building on interviews with key stakeholders, on document analysis and our own encounters, we argue that the three countries understand WPS as key to their western belongingness and reliability as international partners. As a result, they replicate rather than challenge ‘western’ WPS thinking. The resulting National Action Plans are centred around women's participation and security problems ‘out there’. This lack of localization enables them to stay immune to the anti-gender alliances, but limits the engagement of feminist civil society. Amidst Russian imperial aggression, central Europe's WPS agendas serve as mere paper tigers and are failing to address the multitude of domestic and regional gendered insecurities.

Esports championships, companies and organizations in electronic sports and their regulatory and compliance challenges with the Brazilian Statute of Child and Adolescent (ECA)

This paper aims to analyze the legal status of esports in Brazil, with a particular focus on the participation of minors in the competitive landscape of electronic sports and the regulatory challenges faced by this market regarding underage cyber athletes. Esports have grown considerably since 2010, and it is currently a niche within the electronic games industry with an estimated revenue of US$1.084 billion in 2021. The study focuses on two popular games, Fortnite and Garena Free Fire, which are free-to-play, labeled as violent by the Ministry of Justice, fully translated into Portuguese, and available on mobile devices. As esports reach more people, debates arise about the impact of electronic games on society and the need for state regulation. Legislative proposals are in progress, but most of them lack a contextual vision of the sport and the participation of civil society. Inadequate regulation can lead to losses for everyone involved in the growing market. The paper provides an overview of the evolution of esports and the analysis of organizations in the Brazilian scenario, followed by the subsumption of Law 9615/98 to contracts signed with cyberathletes. It also addresses the perspective of minors regarding their use of electronic games and analyzes the regulatory challenges that child and adolescent cyber athletes may face. The study aims to provide insights for policymakers and stakeholders to ensure adequate regulation that promotes a safe and fair competitive landscape for all participants.

제주형 신남방정책의 발전 방향 모색

The main purpose of this study is to examine the limits and possibilities of Jeju-ASEAN+α policy and to search for an effective way for its development as a city diplomacy. Jeju-ASEAN+α policy is of paramount importance because it is an attempt to promote ‘diplomatic decentralization’ and diplomatic autonomy of a local government. Nevertheless, it is narrowly focused on economic issues, and therefore the core value of the policy could not be clearly defined. Deficiencies in the participation of civil society and the integrated governance structure of policy implementation are also significant problems. This study proposes three alternatives regarding core values of the policy, citizens’ participation in the policy processes, and governance structure of the policy. First, in terms of core values, Jeju-ASEAN+α policy should follow peace, ecology, and inclusion, which are the common elements of successful city diplomacies. Second, to enhance legitimacy and sustainability of the policy, citizen’s demands should be embraced and their participation in the policy process should be encouraged. Last, but not least, to reinforce effectiveness and sustainability of the policy, it is necessary to systematize the structure of governance that integrates multiple actors ranging from local government to NGOs and each citizens. In addition, legal and institutional support is also essential in this light. Jeju-ASEAN+α policy is not just a single policy, but it is a critical opportunity to establish the grand strategy of Jeju island’s city diplomacy. Its development and outcome would be the cornerstone of Jeju’s international renown as an innovative leader in the field of city diplomacy.

Brazilian Civil Society and South–South Cooperation: Countering the Green Revolution from Abroad

Having transformed its hinterland to become a major exporter of agricultural commodities, Brazil has, since the mid-2000s, set up a range of South–South cooperation (SSC) initiatives to export its agri-food policies and technologies to othe countries, mainly in Latin America and sub-Saharan Africa. Both the domestic agricultural policies and SSC have been scrutinised and shaped by interactions with civil society actors, from peasant associations and trade unions to rights-based non-governmental organisations. This article explores modes of interaction and interdependence between different civil society and state actors in the context of SSC relating to food security and agricultural development. It analyses changes and continuities in civil society engagement, and mobilisation and de-mobilisation dynamics. Recently, the government’s de-prioritisation of the South–South agenda has been accompanied by very limited civil society activism. The article discusses why this needs attention and the challenges that need to be considered to reinstate productive state–civil society dynamics.

An Analysis of the Current State of Civil Society Participation in Ensuring the National Security of Mongolia

An Analysis of the Current State of Civil Society Participation in Ensuring the National Security of Mongolia

Public auditing: What impact does the quality of the institutional framework have on the level of corruption?

Supreme audit institutions (SAIs) are a component of a nation's institutional system. This article defines the concept of an institutional anti-corruption system centered on the SAI through four main characteristics: independence, accountability, mandate and collaboration. The article aims to assess the impact that the quality of the anti-corruption system has on perceived levels of corruption. Data from the 2019 International Budget Partnership Open Budget Survey covering 117 countries are used for this purpose. The regression results show that the quality of the institutional anti-corruption system centered on the SAI is associated with a low level of perceived corruption. However, other elements must be implemented to create an anti-corruption environment, such as citizens’ involvement as controlling actors. Points for practitioners It is important that policy makers recognize and leverage the potential of SAIs in reducing corruption. Contemporary governance and the complexity of corruption require the protection of SAI's independence, but also call for the establishment of collaborative mechanisms that engage civil society and the media.

Role of Governance in Developing Disaster Resiliency and Its Impact on Economic Sustainability

This study explores the role played by governance in developing disaster resiliency and its impact on economic sustainability in Greece. Descriptive research was undertaken, and data were collected from 180 local governance leaders in Western Macedonia, Greece, to gain a deeper understanding of the role of governance in developing disaster resiliency and economic sustainability. The study confirmed the hypothesis that the focus of governance in developing disaster resiliency positively affects economic sustainability. The ability of governance to develop disaster resiliency and economic sustainability is mostly through leadership, engaging civil society, and international cooperation. These roles played by governance are also influenced by different political, economic, cultural, and social aspects, which all have an impact on the risk governance systems that cut across levels of resource assurance, technical support, and disaster risk management. Governance may have a significant impact on the overall design of rules and systems, including legislation, different decision-making procedures, and policy-implementation mechanisms, via political leadership. In terms of economics, the primary responsibility of governance is to support disaster risk-reduction systems. Governance must encourage risk awareness on a national basis through intensive disaster risk research, technological development, disaster-reduction education, and emergency response skills practice.