Participation Of Women In Decision Research Articles

Gap of SRHR in Climate Change Policies: a Case Study in Jepara and Banyumas Regencies

Risks of women’s SRHR is increasing due to limited access to water and food in climate change policy. Women’s vulnerability is very high regarding the masculinity of climate-related policy—specifically the minimum representation and participation of women in decision-making. This problematical situation has mounted women’s burden with the changing pattern of climate since women are having difficulties in managing their livelihood. This study found that mainstreaming gender is not being implemented in climate-change related policy in Banyumas and Jepara. In many cases, women are being marginalized and the aims of development does not touch the SDG Post-2015.

Participation of rural women in animal husbandry development programmes and decision making regarding animals in Haryana

Animal keeping is an integral part of rural life and is considered a pathway for women empowerment. Rural women play a key role in livestock management. However it is often argued that their contribution are undermined, underestimated and their decision making power are highly limited.The knowledge and skill of women dairy occupation and their participation in decision making certainly affects their efficiency in work and in the development of dairy enterprise. The study was conducted in Hisar district of Haryana state to assess the participation of women in decision making regarding animals and in animal husbandry development programmes. The respondents were selected using simple lottery method and 30 women farmers were chosen from each four selected villages thus constituting a sample size of 120. It was found that their participation in different areas varied. They can give only suggestions to their spouse in decision making regarding animals' purchase and sale, insurance, loans, participation in support programmes (like trainings) and not taking decisions independently. Only 1.67 per cent of women were found beneficiaries of training in last 5 years. None of the respondent women was a beneficiary of Composite Murrah Development Scheme and establishment of high value dairy units. And around 5 per cent women visit the hospital for treatment as compared to 95 per cent men and only 15 per cent women were beneficiaries of loan as compared to 85 per cent men. More attention should be given to rural women to build their capacities in decision making. Moreover appropriate ways and approaches should be adopted for providing equal access to women in Animal Husbandry Development Programmes.

Participation of Women in Decision Making in Goat Rearing in Nadia District of West Bengal

The present research work was done in Nadia district in the state of West Bengal during January, 2011 to December, 2013. From the study revealed that women were responsible for the tasks like taking the animals for grazing, fodder collection, chaffing and storage of fodder etc. Almost entire activities, so far as washing and cleaning of goat sheds and feeding of goats, were being performed by the women. Results indicated that the rural women participation in five blocks in breeding activities was found to be minor activities due to social mores and taboos in society. Analysis of the data revealed that women participation in health care activities was found to be minor activities due to lack knowledge regarding health care activities. The women in their late middle and old age actively participated in health care as they had learnt the things by seeing and out of experience. Most of the respondents interviewed were of the view that they require lot of training and knowledge with regard to the health care aspects. From the study it was seen that no women take decision without the permission of their spouse for selling the animals.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijssm.v2i2.12303 Int. J. Soc. Sci. Manage. Vol-2, issue-2: 119-122

Gender Inequity in Reproductive Health Decision Making and Management: A Study of Rural Women of Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India

AbstractThe paper focused to analyze the level of participation of women in decision making regarding their reproductive health and the nature of health care support they receive during pregnancy. ...

Womens role and their decision making in livestock and household management

Rural women play a key role in the livestock management and household activities. However, it is often argued that their contributions are undermined and their decision making power is highly limited. This study was carried out in Yilmana Densa district in Amhara Region, Ethiopia with the objectives to investigate the role of rural women in livestock and household activities, and to examine the level of rural women participation in decision making. Three villages were selected purposefully and from each village 30 women respondents were selected randomly. Data were collected from the respondents using standardized questionnaire and focus group discussions (FGDs), and analyzed using descriptive statistics and correlation analysis. The majority of rural women participated ‘regularly’ in cleaning of animal sheds, preparing milk products, gathering dung, selling milk/milk products, selling egg/poultry, and egg collection. In household management, majority of rural women are ‘regularly’ engaged in food preparation, looking after all family members, preparing local beverages, cleaning the house, clean-up after meals, washing clothes, child care, fetching water, and embroidery. Capacitating rural women in all rounded developmental aspects can affect their livelihoods which enables them actively participate in various agricultural and non-agricultural activities. Maximum attention should be given for rural women to build their capabilities in decision making. Moreover, appropriate ways and approaches to educate rural women should be given more emphasis to get equal access with rural women. Key words: Decision, household and livestock management, participation, rural women.

Gender Wage Gap among Salaried Workers in India: Results of a Principal Component Analysis of State Level Statistics

Gender gap in wages is a major labour market discourse in policy circles and academia in India. Despite having many Constitutional provisions calling for removal of all gender based discrimination, wage inequality across gender and race is a reality and it varies widely in terms of its intensity across States. This paper makes an attempt to study the dynamics of gender gap in wages of salaried class workers Indian states. The paper recognises the need to study the extent to which gender plays a role in determining wages. This is particularly necessary for evolving effective labour market policies in the country. On the basis of principal component analysis on the reported State level aggregates of various gender specific information, the paper argues that the policies for removal of gaps in skills and other demand influencing variables may be necessary, but not sufficient conditions for ensuring gender equality in wages. Rather, variables explaining the level of participation of women in decision making in different walks of their social and economic life and other supply side factors may explain the gender gap in wages among salaried class workers.

Empowering Women Through Higher Education: the Kerala Episode

‘Empowering women’ has become a buzzword in our socioeconomic parlor. Several initiatives in line with empowering and emboldening women have been on the roll. Provision of education in general and higher education in particular has been seen as a potent tool in mainstreaming women everywhere. India is not an exception in this regard. Among the Indian States, Kerala has exhibited a unique model based on education and health. Despite the bold attempt of the State in mainstreaming women through Democratic Decentralisation and provision of higher education, the fact remains that women in Kerala are not proportionately represented in the decision making bodies of Universities like Senate, Syndicate, Academic Councils, Board of Studies and so on. As regards women representation in responsible positions like Registrars, Pro-Vice Chancellors, Vice Chancellors, Faculty Deans etc., their presence is conspicuous by their absence. For example, out of the 12 Universities in Kerala, we have only one women Vice-Chancellor and a ProVice Chancellor. This is the case with other dignified positions in the field of higher education. The paper underlines the need for enhanced women participation in decision making bodies of higher education like Universities for their empowerment.

PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN OF SUNDARBANS IN FISHERIES DECISION MAKING

A study was conducted in Fraserganj area of Sundarban to assess the extent of rural women participation in decision making process related to fisheries. Highest participation of women in decision making was on the matter related to preparation of food items (67%) and giving child supplementary food items (67%). Based on the study several measures have been suggested to improve womans’ decision making capacity. Key words: Women, decision making, participation

Factors Affecting Decision Making of Tribal Women in Farming in Meghalaya

Women in general plays pivotal role in farming in North Eastern Region. This study aimed to analyze decision making behaviour of tribal women in farming in West Garo Hills district of Meghalaya. A sample of 150 respondents was selected using proportional random sampling method. The women participation in decision making was found medium level. Further the decision making of the tribal farm women significantly and positively correlated to agriculture progressiveness, knowledge in agriculture and social participation whereas it was negatively correlated with age and family size. Out of total 11 socioeconomic variables selected to analyze their effect on decision making, the variables age, education, family size and period of experience in agriculture were found to be significant. The education and experience in agriculture are positively influence the decision making behaviors of the tribal women whereas age and size of family negatively influence the decision making behaviors of the tribal women. Hence it can be concluded that the emphasis on education of women in farming community is needed in order to increase their role in decision making on agricultural farms.

Introduction: Gender Parity and Quotas in European Politics

Since the 1995 Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action, which clearly endorsed measures to ensure the equal participation of women in decision-making, many nations across the globe have adopted and implemented laws requiring political parties to nominate gender-balanced slates of candidates. This symposium brings together new research on the fairly recent gender quota and parity reforms in Portugal, France, Belgium, Italy, and Spain and the efforts of the European Union to promote them. In keeping with the single-case, comparative, and international gender quota literature, the articles stress the role of domestic and international actors/factors (political parties and elites, women's groups active inside and/or outside political parties, and international and European organizations) in the adoption of reforms as well as the reforms' specific provisions (placement rules and sanctions for non-compliance) and how well they fit in with the electoral system when assessing their impact. At the same time, the articles also offer intriguing insights related to the labelling of reforms as either ‘parity’ or ‘quota’ or both in different contexts, the involvement of different political parties in their adoption, and, finally, their qualitative upshots and, more specifically, their impact on citizens and elites' attitudes towards women in politics and measures to enhance it.

Beyond the Glass Ceiling: Women Participation in Decision Making in the Public Domain

The 'glass ceiling' prevents women from reaching the highest decision making positions. In Sri Lanka too, data on representation of women at management levels confirm that they have yet to penetrate this barrier. This study examined factors constraining women’s upward career mobility based on experiences and perceptions of around 400 women and men in management in public and private sectors. The study found the following impediments against upward career mobility of women. (i) adverse factors in work environment, negative attitudes of superior officials and political interference, (ii) problems in combining family and work responsibilities and absence of adequate family friendly policies in the workplace, and (iii) gender specific factors and gender based discrimination creating frustrations and barriers to upward mobility. The study makes suggestions for a more gender equitable management culture in Sri Lanka. Sri Lankan Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Vol.1(2) Oct 2009 Normal 0 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 The ‘glass ceiling’ prevents women from reaching the highest decision making positions. In Sri Lanka too, data on representation of women at management levels confirm that they have yet to penetrate this barrier. This study examined factors constraining women’s upward career mobility based on experiences and perceptions of around 400 women and men in management in public and private sectors. The study found the following impediments against upward career mobility of women. (i) adverse factors in work environment, negative attitudes of superior officials and political interference , (ii) problems in combining family and work responsibilities and absence of adequate family friendly policies in the workplace, and (iii) gender specific factors and gender based discrimination creating frustrations and barriers to upward mobility. The study makes suggestions for a more gender equitable management culture in Sri Lanka.

Gender Inequality in Decision Making in Cooperatives: A Cross National Study of Asia and Pacific Countries

The Tagaytay conference in 1997 showed a deep concern regarding the gender inequality in cooperatives in terms of participation of women in leadership in cooperatives of Asia and Pacific countries. It came out with a concrete strategy for improving participation of women in decision making in cooperatives. It is now almost ten years after this conference and the achievement seems to be downhearted. Many countries in Asia could not achieve gender equality in cooperative sectors. This paper assesses the status of women in various levels of cooperatives in thirteen Asian countries. It shows that representation of women in decision making positions is extremely low in many Asian countries. Further, their participation is also very negligible in economically attractive as well as in technical fields of cooperatives. There is still high gender inequality prevailing in Asian cooperatives. There is a lot need to be done to achieve the goals targeted during Tagaytay conference.

‘A Woman’S Home Is Her Castle?’ – Poor Women And Housing Inadequacy In South Africa

Housing legislation and policies in South Africa attempt to incorporate gender concerns and ensure women’s participation in housing delivery. Despite this, a number of inadequacies and gaps in the implementation of legislation and policies exist. Moreover, the legal and social framework through which housing delivery takes place results in inequities in access to housing. A gendered, or feminist, perspective on women and access to housing considers the practical reality of poor women and women-headed households, as well as the ways in which law, policy and social practices perpetuate the disadvantage which many poor women face. This article adopts a gendered perspective to provide a critique of the systemic constraints which poor women face and which undermine their full enjoyment of the right to access adequate housing: namely, their greater vulnerability, when inadequately housed, to gender-based violence; their particular vulnerability to forced eviction; and the disproportionate burden they bear to provide childcare. Using the framework developed by Sandra Fredman of a capabilities and substantive equality approach to socio-economic rights, the article concludes by examining the means through which the housing sector may be gendered, by considering women’s disadvantage, accommodating women’s difference and encouraging greater participation of women in decision-making.

Transportation for maternal emergencies in Tanzania: empowering communities through participatory problem solving.

Inadequate health care and long delays in obtaining care during obstetric emergencies are major contributors to high maternal death rates in Tanzania. Formative research conducted in the Mwanza region identified several transportation-related reasons for delays in receiving assistance. In 1996, the Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere (CARE) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) began an effort to build community capacity for problem-solving through participatory development of community-based plans for emergency transportation in 50 villages. An April 2001 assessment showed that 19 villages had begun collecting funds for transportation systems; of 13 villages with systems available, 10 had used the system within the last 3 months. Increased support for village health workers and greater participation of women in decision making were also observed.

Predictors of Mastectomy for Women with Breast Cancer in the Greater Western Region of Sydney.

This population-based study examined predictors of mastectomy for women with breast cancer in the greater western region of Sydney (GWRS) in New South Wales (NSW), Australia in 1992. Patients with a first diagnosis of breast cancer in 1992, the year prior to population-based mammographic screening in the region, were identified through the NSW state cancer registry. Data on stage, treatment, and demographic and health service characteristics were obtained from hospital records for patients treated within the region. The 282 patients who received surgical treatment for operable disease were considered in this analysis. Logistic regression was used to determine the odds ratio (OR) for mastectomy in relation to predictor variables with adjustment for confounding where appropriate. Age was included in all regressions even though it was not statistically significant. The tumor characteristics that were significant predictors (age adjusted) of mastectomy were stage [I (referent); IIA: OR = 1.5 (ns); IIB / IIIA-B: OR = 6.3, p < 0.05] and tumor size [T0-1 (referent); T2: OR = 1.8, p < 0.05; T3: OR = 12.9, p < 0.05]. There was a significant linear trend (p < 0.05) for lower ORs for mastectomy in women treated by surgeons with a higher breast cancer caseload (adjusted for age and stage). Women from municipalities with high socioeconomic status had lower mastectomy rates than others (OR = 0.5, p < 0.05), adjusted for age, stage, and surgeon activity level. Distance of residence from the main referral hospital and radiotherapy unit did not affect mastectomy rates. This study documents factors, in addition to stage at diagnosis, that play an important part in decisions about surgery for women with operable breast cancer. The experience of the surgeon, measured by the number of breast cancer patients, had an effect, as did the socioeconomic status of the woman. The latter may act through educational characteristics and participation of women in decisions concerning surgery.

Social Forestry in Tana Toraja, Indonesia: The Participation of Women in Decision Making

ABSTRACT This paper presents the results of two case studies on the implementation of social forestry programmes in South Sulawesi. It examines the degree to which women are incorporated into programme decision making and implementation. From a review of national policy on women and development, and from the study of two programmes in Tana Toraja, South Sulawesi, women's access to decision making and, contributions to the social forestry programmes are evaluated. Despite being participatory in design and intent, programmes which do not specifically include considerations for the participation of women lead to uneven distribution of development benefits along gender lines and disadvantage women. Recommendations are made for improved policy mechanisms and social forestry programmes design.