Third-party Participation Research Articles

Tokenization of educational assets based on blockchain technologies

Possible scenarios for using blockchain technology in the field of education are considered. Methods and technologies of tokenization of assets, related to the educational process, are investigated. It is concluded, that the blockchain technology is decentralized and transparent with a high degree of reliability, which ensures the equality of all users of the chain's services. The transparency of the technology guarantees the participants in the process against abuse and forgery of documents. The study of the features of smart contracts made it possible to form the advantages of smart contracts in the field of education. This is, first of all, the conclusion of agreements without the participation of third parties, as well as the security and confidentiality of agreements. This ensures that the terms and subject of the agreement are kept secret, and that no one else can amend the agreement. At the same time, storing the contract in encrypted form ensures its confidentiality. A decrease in the cost of operations was noted. Tokenization of educational assets is considered on the example of preparing and defending a thesis with the subsequent registration of a diploma. The processes of passing the thesis in the context of using blockchain technology and issuing smart contracts are considered in detail. The advantages of using blockchain technology and smart contracts are illustrated with specific examples.
 A study of the means and mechanisms for ensuring the confirmation of the authenticity of educational documents, the confidentiality of students' personal cards, and student identification has been carried out.
 To create a decentralized distributed ledger for tokenization of educational assets, it is proposed to use blockchain technology and smart contracts based on the Ethereum platform

Secure and Usable Handshake Based Pairing for Wrist-Worn Smart Devices on Different Users

Wrist-worn smart devices are being used to share various sensitive personal information in various fields such as social, medical treatment, sports, etc. Secure pairing establishing a trusted channel between involved devices is a prerequisite to ensure data transmission security. Handshake has been employed to realize secure pairing between devices worn by different users without pre-shared knowledge, the participation of third parties or complicated user interactions. However, existing schemes cannot meet the practical requirement in terms of time delay and security. In this paper, we present a secure and usable pairing scheme utilizing the handshake acceleration data. Specifically, we propose an optimal feature selection algorithm based on Euclidean distance sorting which improves the success rate and security of the system. In addition, we use Pearson correlation coefficient based feature sequence similarity measurement approach to enhance the accuracy of pairing scheme. Theoretical and experimental security analysis indicates that our solution can resist active and passive attacks. What’s more, the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed solution has a high key generation rate of 87 bits per second, and completes security pairing in less than 4 s.

Impacto das Emendas às IAS 16 e IAS 41 na Posição Econômico-financeira das Empresas Sucroenergéticas Brasileiras

Objetivo: Identificar o impacto das emendas às IAS 16 e IAS 41 na posição econômico-financeira das empresas sucroenergéticas brasileiras, no período de transição de 2015 a 2017.Método: Em uma amostra de 64 companhias, utilizou-se o inverso do índice de Comparabilidade de Gray para mensurar o impacto e o teste Wilcoxon pareado para identificar a significância.Originalidade/Relevância: Essa nova política contábil dividiu a planta e a produção em dois ativos, com diferentes modelos de mensuração. No processo de contabilização das lavouras de cana-de-açúcar, a soqueira da cana-de-açúcar, considerada uma planta portadora, passa a ser mensurada pelo custo histórico e classificada como imobilizado, enquanto que a cana em pé continua a ser mensurada pelo valor justo, mas reportada no ativo circulante.Resultados: Os ajustes contábeis retrospectivos impactaram significativamente a maioria das variáveis analisadas. Melhoraram a liquidez corrente e o giro do ativo, bem como impactaram negativamente a participação de capitais de terceiros, a imobilização do patrimônio líquido, a liquidez geral e o retorno sobre o patrimônio líquido. A composição do endividamento, a liquidez seca, a margem líquida, o retorno sobre investimentos e o ciclo operacional se mantiveram relativamente estáveis.Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas: O estudo demonstra que as emendas às IAS 16 e IAS 41 implicam a perda de comparabilidade dos números contábeis e dos indicadores econômico-financeiros em relação a períodos anteriores. Além disso, considerando as peculiaridades das lavouras de cana-de-açúcar, o estudo fornece evidências que contribuem com as discussões sobre a mensuração do valor justo da cana em pé.

Multi-party transaction framework for drone services based on alliance blockchain in smart cities

With the rapid development of drone technology, drones are frequently used in all aspects of urban safety, such as emergency disaster monitoring, public safety monitoring, traffic monitoring, violation monitoring and so on, which further speeds up the pace of smart city construction. For small and medium-sized cities, the cost of buying drone is too high, and renting drone is more cost-effective. However, the leasing transactions between government departments and drone leasing companies are faced with problems such as distrust, price disputes, and increased costs caused by third-party participation. To solve these problems, this paper proposes a multi-party secure and convenient transaction framework based on alliance blockchain, which helps to build trust between drone leasing companies and government departments without worrying about privacy leakage and transaction data tampering. In addition, an intelligent pricing strategy based on contract theory is designed, which can not only maximize the utility of government departments, but also encourage drone companies to actively participate. Simulation analysis shows that the proposed drone services transaction mechanism based on blockchain and intelligent pricing strategy is very effective.

A figura do third-party funding no processo arbitral brasileiro: natureza jurídica do contrato de financiamento e os efeitos processuais

The increasing use of arbitration in Brazil arouses the need for the permanent development of arbitration doctrine. In this perspective, the promotion of skillful measures to encourage the use of arbitration. To clarify, the presence of third-party investors has great aptitude for the development of this dispute settlement mechanism. Under that context, methods should be devised in order to enable the third-party funder to have the legal security necessary to carry out its investment, so as not to suffer undesired procedural effects. A controversial issue in the specialized literature, the participation of third parties in arbitration, defended in this article as an alternative to the financier, presupposes knowledge of the nature of the legal business and the broad view of the concept of part of the arbitration clause, which was sought to outline in this work. By considering all the values involved in the theme, Brazilian national arbitration will have a great ally in favor of its development.

Chinese herbal medicine for immune infertility: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background:Infertility is a reproductive disorder caused by multiple causes and is an adverse event of reproductive health for couples in the reproductive period. Women who do not avoid sex for at least 12 months and are not pregnant are said to be infertile. 10% to 20% of infertility is caused by immune factors. At present, there is no unified diagnostic standard for immunological infertility. Clinically, it is considered that abnormal ovulation and reproductive system function of women are excluded, and no obvious pathogenic factors occur; routine examination of male semen is normal, but there is evidence of anti-reproductive immunity, thus causing infertility is immunological infertility. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a long history of treating infertility and has remarkable curative effect. It plays an important role in the treatment of gynecological and obstetrical diseases in China. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of immune infertility.Method:we searched the literature from following databases: Cochrane Library, PubMed, China Biomedical Literature Database (CB), EMBASE, Chinese Journal of Science and Technology (VIP), China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database (CNKI) and Wanfang Database were searched. All the databases mentioned above will be searched from the start date to the latest version. A manual search of all references to the included trials, published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) whether blind or unblind, any languages and length of follow up were included. Treatments included Chinese medicinal herbs (single or compound). Controlls were placebo and western medicine, or no intervention. Key outcomes will include pregnancy rates, the efficiency of Chinese herbal medicine (at least one negative antibody for infertility), birth rates (the ratio of the number of pregnant women giving birth to their babies normally after herbal treatment to the total number of patients treated), recurrence rate and safety index. Two evaluators independently retrieved and extracted data and import it into Endnote X8. Then they conduct methodological evaluation on the quality of the included studies, and meta-analysis was conducted with RevMan 5.3 and Stata 13.0 software. We will use the Cochrane risk analysis tool to assess the risk of bias. Differences will be resolved by consensus or through the participation of third parties. All analysis will be performed based on the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions.Results:The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese herb medicine in the treatment of immune infertility.Conclusion:This meta-analysis can provide evidence for clinicians to help patients make better choices.Trial registration number:INPLASY2020120073.

Apoio familiar no aporte financeiro para novos negócios resultantes de projetos educacionais

Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo verificar a influência do apoio familiar no aporte financeiro aos projetos de negócios resultante de grupos de estudantes participantes do Programa de extensão Empreenda Agro Sustentável. Este estudo caracteriza-se como Survey descritivo exploratório, conduzido no período de desenvolvimento do programa educacional que ocorreu de agosto a novembro de 2019, recorrendo à análise das duas dimensões, a intenção/pretensão em empreender dos estudantes e a participação familiar e influência de terceiros no desenvolvimento do empreendedorismo. Pode-se perceber que os alunos participantes apresentam forte necessidade de apoio financeiro vindo de outras esferas tais como linhas de créditos e apoio de investidores. Por meio dos resultados obtidos nesta pesquisa ficou evidente que, os alunos envolvidos no decorrer do programa demostraram que mesmo adquirindo conhecimento e capacidade de evolução dos negócios desenvolvidos, necessitam de apoio externo ao seu círculo de convivência para pôr a frente o empreendimento.

The role of third parties in norm enforcement in customary courts among the Enga of Papua New Guinea

Cultural norms are key to cooperation in human societies. How they are regulated, maintained, and adapted to the change remains a matter of debate. Humans have dispositions for both retributive and restorative justice; recent focus has been on third-party punishment, punitive sanctions by those not directly harmed, as key for norm enforcement. However, punishment does not engage the essential proficiencies and emotions critical to cooperation in small-scale societies with high dependence on collective action, sharing, and exchange. Third-party participation in norm enforcement is examined with data from a 10-y study among the Enga of Papua New Guinea. The Enga have a plural justice system with formal courts practicing retributive justice and customary courts applying restorative measures. Most cases are brought to customary courts. Drawing on observations from 333 village customary court cases concerning assault, marriage, land, and property violations, third-party engagement outside of and during customary court hearings is analyzed. Results show that all sides are heard, restoration is prioritized, and third-party punishment is rare; rather, third parties help with compensation to reintegrate wrongdoers and resolve conflicts. Repeated offenders and free riders receive ever less community support. Third parties contribute substantially both during and outside of customary court sessions to help kin, pursue economic agendas, or gain reputation. They also act generously to build a strong community. Emphasis is on amends to the victim for fairness, not punishment of the offender. Broad third-party participation is maintained throughout times of rapid change to adapt while supporting essential structures of society.

VENTURE INVESTMENTS AS A PROSPECTIVE DIRECTION OF ACTIVATION OF INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY

The purpose of this article is to study the intensification of venture investment in innovation processes in Ukraine, to identify problems and promising areas of development of the venture industry. The article considers the essential characteristics of the economic category "venture investments" and "investments", comparative analysis and the relationship between them. The main advantages and disadvantages of venture investment, values and main forms are highlighted. The sequence of stages of venture financing and types of schemes of venture financing are given. Venture capital entities are considered. The main stages of formation of the venture industry in Ukraine are revealed. Methods of analysis and risk assessment of the investment project are offered. The main types of strategies for minimizing risks in venture investing are presented. Among the considered strategies the most promising are strategies implemented with the participation of third parties, as in this case the maximum effect from a point is reached view of the national economy. Object of research. Venture capital in the system of financing innovation processes in the modern economy. The subject of the research is theoretical methodological and applied aspects of the functioning of venture capital as a source of financing innovation processes in Ukraine. The methodological basis of the study is a set of general and special methods of cognition. Methods of analysis and synthesis, generalization and scientific abstraction were used in the formation of the conceptual and categorical apparatus. The analysis of approaches to understanding the essence of venture investment, its components was carried out using dialectical and systemic-structural methods. The application of the historical-logical method, induction and deduction made it possible to study the genesis of the theory of economics and enterprise management, the factors of the strategy of development of venture investment of business entities. Within the framework of the study of the current state of venture investment, calculation and analytical methods of observation, measurement, analysis and comparison are used. Conclusions. It is proved that venture investment only has a positive effect on accelerating innovation processes in the economy when it performs its main function – investing in small innovative enterprises that implement their progressive ideas, providing positive innovative changes in the production structure in favor of high-tech systems. The essence of the influence of venture capital on innovation processes is manifested only through its main function – venture investment.

BLOCKCHANE TECHNOLOGY IN ACCOUNTING AND AUDIT

Introduction. In the coming years, the accounting sector is expected to undergo major changes due to the fact that Blockchain technology is being actively introduced in the financial sector of the countries. The article gives a critical assessment of the situation, as well as discusses the problematic aspects and prospects for the development of the blockchain in the system of accounting and auditing. The definition of the economic content of the blockchain is investigated. It has been found that the cryptocurrency system works on Blockchain technology, the essence of which is the possibility of a separate group of people to manage a virtual ledger, i.e. one sheet of such a book is a block, and the book itself is a chain of block sheets. The platform is a public register based on distributed ledgers, which can be shared across multiple network nodes, providing each participant with their own copy. The studied technology has an important feature for accounting, because the information created in this database can be trusted, even if there is no trust in the counterparty. Blockchain technology is the basis of the basic principles of cryptocurrency: transparency, anonymity, decentralization,speed and security. Blockchain technology and one of the products of its implementation - cryptocurrency, can really be a starting point for the transformation of the world economy and its implementation in Ukraine. With the help of the blockchain, the relations «state-business», «business-business», «population-state» can change significantly. In other words, the main transformation will be related to the possibility of delegating to a computer program (algorithm) the conduct and certification of transactions without the participation of third parties (state, banks, other intermediaries), the results of which will be trusted by all or most economic entities (market). Methods. The authors used the following scientific methods in the process of research: induction and deduction - in the process of studying the general trends of Blockchain development in Ukraine, analysis and synthesis - during theoretical generalizations, formation of appropriate conclusions; bibliographic - research of literary sources to obtain the necessary information on the research topic; method of associations and analogies - for proposed new ideas and proposals that arise from comparison with other more or less similar objects. Results. Proponents of Blockchain technology believe that the new tool will be able to replace not only accountants but also banking institutions and many financial intermediaries. According to the Blockchain Research Institute, Ukraine was on the list of 14 countries that were recognized as leaders in the implementation of Blockchain. However, the state needs to restructure huge systems with a huge number of people to use this tool. Blockchain technology aims to put an end to traditional methods of accounting, documentation, processing, registration, inventory systems. Blockchain allows companies to register both parties to a transaction simultaneously in a shared book in real time, rather than storing matched records of financial transactions separately in a private database. The need for traditional double-entry bookkeeping will be eliminated, as the verification of the legality of accounting will be fully automated. Disscusion. The main task set when writing the article is to substantiate the feasibility of using blockchain technology in accounting and auditing.

Social support in developing verbal communication for hearing children in the narratives of deaf parents

The article discusses the meaning of communication for family life, and then shows the importance of the social support process in developing this communication in the lingual environment created by deaf parents bringing up hearing children. The participation of third parties seems to be necessary here, above all the closest hearing relatives – such as grandparents, and also specialists – speech therapists and teachers.

An evolutionary game model analysis on emission control areas in China

To improve the atmospheric environment of coastal areas, it is important to coordinate the accomplishment of the Emission Control Areas (ECAs) program development. However, it is difficult to achieve this objective to align the conflict interest between the government and shipping companies. This paper analyzes the differences in the benefits of the two main subjects in the implementation of China's ECA supervision. Then, based on a non-perfect rational hypothesis, this paper constructs an evolutionary game model to analyze and test the dynamic changes of participants' decision-making. Furthermore, we contrast the effects of the interfering elements (e.g., uncooperative penalty, external benefits, the shipping company cost, and third-party report rate) on their decisions under various terms, by applying simulation analysis method. The paper's outcomes demonstrate that, to inspire shipping companies to comply with ECA regulations, the government should apply a strategy, which is following dynamic penalty, to make shipping companies more willing to execute the ECA regulation within less time. Additionally, enhancing the external benefits of cooperative shipping companies and encouraging the participation of third-parties including non-governmental organizations and individuals in monitoring ECAs, are effective ways of stimulating shipping companies to comply with ECA regulations.

Blameable and imperfect: A study of risk-taking and accountability

In this paper, we examine how stakeholders hold trustees accountable in voluntary relationships. Trustees are economic agents such as physicians, entrepreneurs, or political leaders who are entrusted with making risky decisions that impact stakeholders. These stakeholders often demand measures to hold trustees accountable for their risky decisions. Using a novel laboratory experiment, we explore how different accountability mechanisms influence the decisions of stakeholders and third-party participants in rewarding or punishing trustee risk choices. We find that stakeholders reward trustees based on both the outcomes of trustees’ choices and by the degree to which those choices match what their stakeholder would have chosen for themselves in a similar situation. Our results indicate that stakeholders’ accountability decisions are best explained by a theory that captures responses to both the pure quality of decisions and the perceived luck of the decision maker, or what we characterize as a good decision with moral luck theory. We further observe that these accountability decisions vary substantially between third-party and stakeholder enforcement and depending upon whether the trustee was also exposed to the risk environment they chose.

The evolution of interorganizational trust in cross‐sector collaborations: Two comparative cases from China

AbstractThis study views interorganizational trust as a dynamic process and examines it in two cross‐sector collaborations in community development. Based on in‐depth case study, we conceptualize the evolution of interorganizational trust into four distinct stages: initial propensity, boundary spanning, diffusion and normalization. The findings show that sustainable cross‐sector collaboration requires the full evolution of interorganizational trust. The findings also highlight the importance of internal motivation and the participation of third parties. In addition, while formal rules contribute to rational trust, informal rules arising from interactive experiences can complement formal rules and promote emotional trust.

Preguntas y respuestas sobre la gestación por sustitución: los estudios de opinión pública a revisión

La gestación por sustitución es una práctica reproductiva que suscita una enorme controversia social, bioética, política y mediática pues socava los pilares canónicos que sostienen la institución familiar. En este artículo presentamos una revisión bibliográfica o Scoping Review de 29 artículos científicos que recogen estudios de opinión sobre esta materia. En ellos se aprecia la desaprobación social que, mayoritariamente, suscita la gestación por sustitución. Desde una perspectiva temporal, la tendencia es hacia su mayor aceptación. La población elige técnicas de reproducción asistida que garanticen el vínculo genético y que no impliquen la participación de terceros. En este sistema de preferencias, la subrogación es relegada socialmente al último lugar. Un número reducido de trabajos realizan análisis explicativos sobre los determinantes del nivel de aceptación de la subrogación. Temas controvertidos, como la subrogación comercial o cerrada, son escasamente incorporados en las encuestas de opinión pública. Cuando se interroga sobre la representación social de la mujer gestante, los marcos adoptados reproducen la imagen que proyectan los medios de comunicación obviando los hallazgos presentados tanto por la investigación etnográfica como por la interesada en evaluar los resultados de los acuerdos de subrogación. Los estudios de opinión enmarcan, mayoritariamente, la opinión de la población en un contexto médico. Los artículos que indagan sobre el grado de aceptación de la subrogación por causas “sociales” son excepcionales, a pesar de que el propio desarrollo de las técnicas de reproducción asistida se produce paralelamente a la emergencia de nuevas formas familiares.

The Strategy to Increase the Regional Revenue (PAD) of the Government of Central Kalimantan through the Governor Regulation No. 16/2018

This article aimed to analyze and identify the strategies of Central Kalimantan Provincial Government as an effort to increase Regional revenue (Pendapatan Asli Daerah - PAD) through third-party grants or donations. One of the efforts made by the Central Kalimantan Provincial Government in increasing regional revenue (PAD) is through the issuance of Governor Regulation No. 16/2018 on Guidelines for the Acceptance and Management of Grants or Donations from Third Parties to the Central Kalimantan Provincial Government. The data showed that the governor’s regulation had shown positive results relating to the efforts to increase the Regional revenue in Central Kalimantan Province. Local Revenue Offices of Central Kalimantan as the leading sector to implement the regulation has made several strategic efforts including sharing/spreading the information to 3 P i.e., investors, monitoring and controlling. The purposes of the governor’s regulation No. 16/2018 to provide legal protection to guarantee the participation of third parties in Central Kalimantan development, provide legal certainty in the management and acceptance of third-party grants or donations, and create an orderly administration, transparency and accountability in acceptance the grants or third-party donations to the government of Central Kalimantan Province. The collaboration cooperation between Central Kalimantan Provincial Government and the private sector to increase Regional revenue (PAD) needs to have support from all parties.

Can player economic value rights be used as collateral?

As Association Football Clubs look to finance player transfer fees, lenders have seen an increasingly prevalent role and will seek to secure their loan against club assets. One of the methods of securing lending has been to utilise the transfer market value of player economic rights. This paper examines the insolvency effects of a lender taking an interest in the eventual, prospective proceeds of a sale of a player’s economic rights. It asks how a transaction might be structured to secure a loan using the value of a player’s economic right and examines the potential pitfalls within the private international law rules of association football and the insolvency rules of England and Wales. The authors suggest that FIFA regulations involving third-party participation, Articles 18bis and 18ter, are incongruent with the rules controlling the same matter as found within the English FA and the English Premier League. The result produces inconsistent certainty as to how a lender could structure a loan. It is suggested that the FIFA regulations apply with direct effect and any transaction should heed to the stricter interpretation found therein. Secondly, the case in the matter of Football Creditors highlights a red line for the risks of unsecured lending to football clubs. The paper proposes two methods for ensuring a transaction provides a lender with adequate protection against insolvency and the Football Creditor Rule and against the unclear FIFA regulations when a lender uses the proceeds from the sale of a player’s economic right as collateral.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ВИБОРУ ПРОГРАМНОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ НАВЧАННЯ ЛАНДШАФТНОМУ ПРОЕКТУВАННЮ

The article deals with the main problems and trends in development of software for landscape design in the context of accelerated introduction of BIM-technologies into the building and construction industry. It is shown that there is currently a significant lag in the development of computer BIM-products for landscape architects. The principal requirements which the modern BIM applications for landscape architects should meet and basic problems of their implementation are determined. It is argued that the decision to create a BIM application for landscape architects is possible the only by the world's leading developers of software products for the construction trade, such as Autodesk Inc. and Nemetschek and Trimble companies. It is also shown that all these developers are actively working towards improvement their existing architectural BIM applications in order to provide the possibility of their usage in landscape design. Analysis of the differences in the basic approaches used by the developers for this purpose revealed that Autodesk and Nemetschek prefer to improve their Autodesk Revit and Graphisoft ArchiCAD products, respectively, without engagement the third party developers whereas Trimble took approach with active participation of third parties – plug-ins developers to the SketchUp application. The conclusion of the article is that Autodesk Revit, Graphisoft ArchiCAD and Trimble SketchUp are promising applications for landscape design and, accordingly, for introducing them into the teaching process of colleges and universities. At the same time, it is revealed that the above-described approach by Trimble opens the prospect of the fastest conversion of SketchUp into a full-fledged BIM tool for landscape architects, and this should be taken into account when choosing an application for introducing into the educative process.

MARINE HULL INSURANCE USING PRIVATE BLOCKCHAIN, FILECOIN PROTOCOL AND SMART CONTRACTS

Marine transportation is the oldest means of transportation, which is the most useful when the goods to be shipped are in bulk. Travelling through sea means there is high chance of mishapping even when safety regulations are in place, which could result in damage or loss of the ship or the shipments. Thus, Marine insurance is advisable as it covers the hull, cargo, freight and marine liabilities. Any losses or damages sustained during a marine journey must be settled as early as possible through Insurance. The process of declaring and claiming Insurance involves a lot of documentation, which is collected and stored in paper format, and third-party participation. In modern times, there has been a shift towards Digitization in every sector, which means everything is stored in a digital format. One of the key developments in Digitization has been the use of Blockchain technologies which support distributed ledgers, smart contracts, smart properties, storage, etc. Applications, in which there is involvement of money or assets, are reliant on blockchain because of the security, by encryption of data, and performance provided by it. In this paper, we have discussed the challenges and key issues associated with the declaration and claiming of Marine Hull Insurance through the existing system. To resolve these issues, we combine three of the latest technologies in Blockchain, namingly, Private Blockchain, Filecoin Protocol and Smart Contracts. Our proposed system is based on a digital platform, where all documents can be commonly accessed and third-party involvements are removed, resulting in simpler, faster and easier declaration and claiming of marine hull insurances that removes the complications in the present general procedure.

10 Gbit/s ethernet passive optical network certification scheme based on number theory research unit signature algorithm

The article is mainly to solve the security problems existing in ethernet passive optical network. The most obvious thing is that when optical network unit (ONU) is registered, to prevent attackers from eavesdropping and camouflage, we need mutual authentication between the optical line terminal and ONU to ensure the legality of both sides. To solve this problem, this paper designs a bidirectional authentication scheme based on number theory research unit signature algorithm (NTRUSign), using NTRUSign algorithm for authentication, can avoid impersonation attacks but could not prevent the middle eavesdropping attacks, so the data encryption algorithm AES using the traditional transmission of encrypted. Elliptic curve Diffie–Hellman algorithm is used to carry out key exchange, as the key to the subsequent data transmission, and can be completed in the ONU registration process without the need of third-party participation. The analysis results show that this method improves the reliability of identity authentication and data transmission security.