Participation Of Private Companies Research Articles

PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP MODELS IN THE PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF SPECIALISTS FOR THE CONTEMPORARY LABOR MARKET NEEDS

The relevance of the article is determined by the need to substantiate the characteristics of the application of public-private partnership models in the vocational training of specialists in institutions of vocational (vocational-technical) education, taking into account the contemporary needs of the labor market, capable of working effectively in high-tech manufacturing environments. Objective: To identify and substantiate the characteristics of the application of public-private partnership models in the vocational training of specialists for the contemporary needs of the labor market. Methods: Analysis of normative and scientific literature regarding the development of public-private partnerships in the field of vocational (vocational-technical) education and the summarization of its results – to identify the state of the problem's development and to clarify the characteristics of the application of public-private partnership models in the vocational training of specialists for the contemporary needs of the labor market. Results: The characteristics of public-private partnership models in conducting the vocational training of specialists for the contemporary needs of the labor market have been determined and substantiated. The participation of private companies in co-financing programs for the vocational training of specialists, the modernization of the material and technical base of vocational (vocational-technical) education institutions, and the creation of conditions for internships for students and teaching staff of vocational (vocational-technical) education institutions at high-tech workplaces have been analyzed. Conclusions: It has been found that the effectiveness of public-private partnerships in the vocational training of specialists is ensured through the implementation of models: joint financing of vocational (vocational-technical) education programs; internships for students of vocational (vocational-technical) education at partner enterprises; organization of dual form of vocational education; training of specialists on the order of enterprises. Among the characteristics of the application of public-private partnership models are: ensuring the quality of vocational training of specialists, reducing expenses from the state budget on the implementation of vocational (vocational-technical) education programs, increasing the level of employment in the profession of graduates, and strengthening the links between vocational (vocational-technical) education and private business. Recommendations have been formulated for activating public-private partnerships in the vocational training of specialists through organizing informational and educational work, improving the regulatory framework, ensuring funding for educational projects, coordinating efforts on the part of all interested partners, and enhancing transparency and accountability of their activities, in order to minimize the risks of corruption in the implementation of public-private partnership projects.

근미래 우주낙하물에 대한 우주손해배상법 법적개정 연구

The number of projectiles launched into space in 2017 was 300, but in 2022, more than 2,000 projectiles are believed to be heading into space, and there are predictions that the number of satellites in low orbit at an altitude of 2,000 kilometers will exceed 57,000 by 2030. Given the recent increase in the number of space projectiles and the participation of private companies, legal amendments are essential because the number of damage caused by falling objects in Korea is expected to increase gradually. In this study, various legal applications such as the Space Damage Compensation Act and the protection of legal interests of third parties on the surface were analyzed through cases of falling objects caused by space projectiles at home and abroad, suggesting a direction for development to protect the lives and property of the people in space security.

Preserving Ready-to-Eat Meals Using Microwave Technologies for Future Space Programs

The crewed suborbital and space flights launched by private companies over the past three years have rejuvenated public interest in space travel, including space tourism. Ready-to-eat meals (MREs) are the main source of nutrients and energy for space travelers. It is critical that those meals are free of bacterial and viral pathogens and have adequate shelf life. The participation of private companies in space programs will create new opportunities and demand for high-quality and microbiologically safe MREs for future space travels. In this article, we provide a brief review of nutrition and energy requirements for human activities in space. We discuss the general thermal processing requirements for control of bacterial and viral pathogens in MREs and introduce advanced thermal preservation technologies based on microwaves for production of MREs with different shelf-lives under various storage conditions. We also present the latest advancements in the development of polymer packaging materials for quality preservation of thermally stabilized MREs over extended storage. Finally, we recommend future research on issues related to the sensory quality of specially formulated MREs, microbial safety of dried foods that complement high moisture MREs, and food package waste management in future space missions.

장기미집행 도시공원의 특례법에 따른 민간공원사업 특성연구 - 포항시의 사업추진 어려움과 해결방안 -

This is a case study of private sector’s development of long-term unexecuted urban parks in Pohang through a special act, which provides a guideline of 30% of land for non-park while 70% of land for park. The strategy has a lot of validity in many respects along with the urban planning sunset system, but even with the special act it would not easy to be implemented in Pohang, where the guideline has been modified to 20% for non-park, mostly multi-family housing projects while 80% for park. Thus, participation of private companies would be discouraged due to low commercial validity. Also, there would exist various risks because the project would be completed through a long-term decision-making and execution process. Thus, this study argues that it would be better for Pohang to follow the original guideline of the government for better implementation of the projects, along with preparation of a law with which the government be able to recoup excess profits when too much profits would be given to private developers. For the project implemented smoothly, it is also important to understand local housing market and fluctuating economic conditions, and to prepare various incentives for private companies. In addition, to secure publicity, guidelines on the level of publicity of the project should be prepared through negotiation by parties to prevent the project being discouraged too much.

Developing Corporate Sustainability Assessment Methods for Oil and Gas Companies

As it is predicted that there will be a decrease in production at the oil and gas facilities that are currently operating, it becomes necessary to start developing new oil and gas fields. This results in changes to the state’s policy regarding the participation of private companies in the development and implementation of oil and gas offshore exploration and production new projects. Access to unique fields can be provided to the most socially responsible companies. The purpose of this study is to present the author’s methodology for assessing the dynamics of corporate sustainability. The methodology is based on the assessment of individual, well-founded indicators of sustainable development of companies. The proposed methodology takes into account factors in areas such as occupational health and safety, environmental protection and economic efficiency and identifies two performance indicators. The first indicator is an aggregated index for three groups of factors to assess company ratings relative to the performance of the best company. The second indicator is an assessment of the dynamics within the company relative to the previous values of indicators of corporate social responsibility. The research results obtained using the proposed methodology show that oil and gas companies differ significantly in terms of corporate sustainability. The developed methodology for assessing corporate sustainability is of practical importance and can be used by companies in the analysis and planning of operating and investment activities that ensure the achievement of goals of corporate social responsibility.

Specifics of Public-Private Partnership Projects in the Energy Sphere of Ukraine

The article analyzes the peculiarities of the implementation of public-private partnership projects in the energy sector of Ukraine. In particular, the content of key research concepts is determined, the current state of public-private partnership in the energy sector of Ukraine is analyzed, and the directions of increasing the efficiency of public-private partnership projects in the energy sector of Ukraine are determined. The analysis of the implementation of public-private partnership projects in the field of energy in Ukraine indicates the prospects and feasibility of implementing this mechanism of cooperation between the state and private companies. At the same time, it should be noted that today the regulatory, legal, institutional, personnel, financial support of public-private partnership in the field of energy, as well as the development and implementation of concession agreements in the field of energy need to be improved. It is proved that public authorities should first of all focus on intensifying the participation of private companies in innovation and investment processes, which, in turn, requires more effective interaction in the triangle of state-business-civil society. The implementation of this task should be entrusted to the GR-departments created in public authorities, which within the public-private partnership should prepare issues related to the coordination of the parties, inform about government projects and programs, and so on. It is determined that it is also necessary to develop the Concept of strategic development of public-private partnership in the field of energy and in the country as a whole. According to the results of the analysis of the Energy Strategy of Ukraine for the period up to 2035, the author singled out the following areas of improving the efficiency of the public-private partnership mechanism in the energy sector: development of state programs to support businesses and public-private partnership projects; implementation of European principles of regulation in the field of investment in the fuel and energy sector; introduction of the public-private partnership mechanism in the reservation of energy resources and the system of strategic reserves of energy resources. Keywords: public-private partnership, energy sphere, mechanisms, efficiency, projects, investments.

PROSPECTS OF INTERACTION OF BUSINESS ENTITIES IN THE MARITIMEECONOMICCOMPLEX OF UKRAINE

The aim of the research is to assess new forms of interaction between business entities in the maritime economic complex (MEC) of Ukraine. The paper analyses the results of the activities of enterprises of the Ukrainian maritime industry over the years of its independence and noted the growing role of private capital in the development of the MEC. The share of state enterprises in the port services market is inexorably decreasing, and there are practically no state shipping companies and service enterprises, their market share is minimal, and there is almost no profit. But in the maritime industry, the share of private companies is growing, they are developing, and contribute to increased competition. Therefore, further development of the Ukrainian maritime economic complex is possible with the participation of private companies and with the support of private capital.The cluster, combining representatives of business, authorities and science, is an informal organization whose main goal is to increase the welfare of the region and the competitiveness of the industry.Clusters are recognized as one of the most efficient production systems in the era of globalization and the knowledge economy, focusing on the priority of their development. A program for clustering the maritime industry and specific steps have been developed to enhance mutually beneficial cooperation in the maritime industry within the framework of the cluster, which will result in increased competitiveness of both coastal regions and the maritime industry as a whole.

Brazil in the research and development of vaccines: innovation policies and measurable results

This paper investigates the Brazilian innovation policy to encourage research and development (R&D) of NTDs vaccines and evaluates the measurable results achieved by Brazil from the perspective of intellectual property over the past 35 years. It is possible to note the significant national efforts that have been made in Brazil to ensure that national policies and technological and industrial strategies incorporate innovation in NTDs vaccines. Regarding patent date, Brazil can be analysed as an innovative developing country and the R&D of vaccines for NTDs has progressed slowly over the past 35 years. Moreover, Brazilian R&D remains under the responsibility of public institutions and the establishment of public–private partnerships is still limited. On the other hand, this study highlights an important change in NTDs scenario, with increased participation of private companies. Finally, this study establishes a criticism in confronting the incentives of Brazilian innovation policy with the findings of empirical research.

Sostenibilidad y turismo en los paisajes culturales de la industrialización

Las antiguas zonas mineras e industriales, muchas de ellas ya abandonadas tras una prolongada actividad extractiva y productiva, albergan frecuentemente buenas experiencias de recuperación del patrimonio asociado y sus paisajes. Impulsados inicialmente los proyectos desde las administraciones públicas, sobre todo de ámbito municipal, con participación activa de las empresas propietarias y la comunidad local, hoy son un extraordinario referente de puesta en valor de un legado muy peculiar que ofrece amplias posibilidades de reutilización bajo la perspectiva irrenunciable del desarrollo sostenible.

An Economic Analysis Model Of The Effects Of Privatization Of Piraeus Port Aythority Into The Greek Economy

The Greek port industry is characterized by the dominance of the public sector in port activities. The ownership of port assets, corporate port governance and services provisiondevelop under strict, direct or indirect state (ministerial) control. As a result Greece standsamong the few countries in which the port industry is fully controlled by the public sector. Yet, the context, in which contemporary ports operate impels for greater flexibility in portoperations. Several countries worldwide have responded implementing port devolution programs. The latter have been accompanied by an increasing participation of the privatesector in port operations. In several EU countries several port reforms devolved the portindustry, allowing for the participation of private companies.

The post-industrial landscapes of Riotinto and Almadén, Spain: scenic value, heritage and sustainable tourism

ABSTRACTThe Riotinto and Almadén mining areas in Spain are two of the best examples of European experiences in restoring the heritage of traditional mining activities. Initially promoted by public administrations, particularly municipal bodies, with the active participation of private companies and the local community, these projects are an international reference in the protection and preservation of the mining-industrial heritage and the tourist use of buildings, machines and landscapes.

Private Military Companies (PMCs) and International Criminal Law: Are PMCs the New Perpetrators of International Crimes?

The extensive use of private military companies (PMCs) in conflict areas the last 30 years has raised concern in the academic community regarding the participation of private companies in the conduct of war. For example, academics incite issues of legitimacy, the role of the state and the legal status of PMCs especially when they take a direct part in the hostilities. In this context, PMCs have been often accused of committing serious crimes during their involvement in the hostilities. The important question regarding their possible criminal activity is whether these serious crimes fall into the category of international law and more specifically international criminal law. This article examines firstly, whether PMCs actually commit serious crimes and secondly, if these crimes constitute violations of international law, namely, international crimes.

Private-Public Partnerships for Expanding Broadband Access: Lessons from the Cinturro Digital do Cearr Network in Brazil

The Cinturao Digital do Ceara (CDC) is a pioneering infrastructure project that delivers broadband access to larger cities, small towns and rural areas throughout the State of Ceara in northeastern Brazil. The CDC was built and operated using a unique business model that innovates on the conventional public-private partnership (PPP) – an increasingly popular means to undertake Information Communications Technology (ICT) deployments. The CDC case also illustrates how an “open” business model – involving public, private, and academic stakeholders – can be utilized in a developing country setting to improve broadband access, spur business innovation, and promote urban and regional development. The CDC experience also shows how government investments in broadband infrastructure can (paradoxically) facilitate the participation of private companies and foster competition. We review the technical, legal and organizational features of the CDC project with a focus on how they were designed to cope with the unique economic and political conditions of the region. It is particularly instructive how the CDC business model evolved over time in response to political challenges and market failures. We highlight how the model can be adapted to other regions within Brazil, as well as to other developing countries that seek to pursue the dual goals of financial sustainability and expansion of broadband access to underserved populations.

Dengue Vaccines: A Perspective from the Point of View of Intellectual Property.

Dengue is a serious infectious disease and a growing public health problem in many tropical and sub-tropical countries. To control this neglected tropical disease (NTD), vaccines are likely to be the most cost-effective solution. This study analyzed dengue vaccines from both a historical and longitudinal perspective by using patent data, evaluating the geographic and time coverage of innovations, the primary patent holders, the network of cooperation and partnership for vaccine research and development (R & D), the flow of knowledge and the technological domain involved. This study can be seen as an example of the use of patent information to inform policy discussions, strategic research planning, and technology transfer. The results show that 93% of patents were granted since 2000, the majority belonging to the United States and Europe, although the share of patents from developing countries has increased. Unlike another NTDs, there is great participation of private companies in R & D of dengue vaccines and partnerships and collaboration between public and private companies. Finally, in this study, the main holders showed high knowledge absorption and generated capabilities. Therefore, this issue suggests that to overcome the difficulty of translational R & D it is necessary to stimulate the generation of knowledge and relevant scientific research, to enable the productive sector to have the capacity to absorb knowledge, to turn it into innovation, and to articulate partnerships and collaboration.

Privatisation and Growth of Insurance Industry in India

India initiated its insurance sector reforms in 2000 as an inevitable part of the on-going economic reforms in the country. This long awaited reform was expected to boost the sector. The Insurance reform was marked with the establishment of IRDA, participation of private companies and permission of FDI, and soon it emerged as one of the most vibrant segment of Indian financial sector. India’s insurance sector witnessed many changes and experienced high growth after the privatisation. As the privatised insurance industry has completed more than a decade now and the sector is evolving with the progression of further reform, a close scrutiny of the sector is needed. This paper tries to narrate the story of the development and growth of the insurance sector during the first decade after the privatisation of the sector.

The European Programme for the protection of critical infrastructures – meta-governing a new security problem?

Critical infrastructure protection (CIP) constitutes a paradigmatic as well as challenging case for EU security governance, which has received limited academic attention to date. This article draws on a heuristic framework to survey the EU's capacities to ‘meta-govern’, that is, to stimulate and steer governance efforts across multiple sectoral and political divides, in this complex issue area. The main part of the paper assesses the European Programme for Critical Infrastructure Protection (EPCIP), which comprises a variety of policy instruments and initiatives, on this basis. It is shown that the attempt of an authoritative regulation of European critical infrastructures has remained narrow and of questionable effectiveness. Scientific networks have developed more dynamically, while the participation of private companies and corresponding EU financial instruments are yet to show their potential. Finally, the EU's organizational capacity in CIP suffers from a lack of coordination structures in the European Commission, but also needs to take the scarcely known Joint Research Centre (JRC) into account. The conclusions highlight the barriers to comprehensive governance of as well as large research gaps on European critical infrastructure policies.

The modes of provision of prison services in a comparative perspective

This paper aims to compare the performance of two modes of provision of prison services: public, and with the participation of private companies. There are few empirical studies concerning the alternative modes of governance in this sector, which differs from other public utilities in that there is an absence of network externalities and scale economies. In addition, an understanding of informal institutions is crucial for the performance of the service provider, either public or private. In this paper, we build a comparative analysis of two case studies of similar correctional facilities, one public and the other outsourced to a private company under the supervision of civil servants (hybrid governance structure), both located in the same region of Brazil. We found that the privately operated facility has achieved better performance indicators (in terms of number of escapes, riots, deaths, assistance to inmates etc.) than the public facility, which in part refutes the arguments of Hart, Shleifer and Vishny (1997) against private participation in prison services. We conclude that the reasons for these differences are related to lower levels of administrative controls; to the presence of civil servants within the privately operated prison, which contributes to reducing information asymmetries; to greater incentives for the private operator: to monitor employees, to bypass local judiciary constraints and to fulfill contractual obligations.

The second reform of the Brazilian electric sector

The Brazilian electric sector went through a redesign of its structure in the mid-1990s. This reform initiated a transition to a more competitive environment in the generation and supply of electricity with a wider participation of private companies. The rationing of electricity in 2001/2002 interrupted this process. In the second reform of the Brazilian electric sector, after the rationing, the state took back the coordination of the sector as means to pull back any possibility of new rationing and also to make the tariffs as low as possible. The electricity trade was concentrated on a pool of distributors in a scheme of public auctions. This paper briefly explains the two reforms and analyses the results of those auctions. We estimate that the Brazilian electric sector is still vulnerable to adverse hydrology periods. In other words, the goals of the new model designed for the Brazilian electricity sector have not been achieved.

Work risk‐prevention procedures in highway management and maintenance contracts

AbstractFollowing the great focus on and investment into roads by European administrations in recent years, a new area of employment has arisen wherein the majority of activities relating to the maintenance and operation of infrastructures have been outsourced. The participation of private companies, the organization of the various contracts and maintenance services, and infrastructure users' increasing demand for better quality services, mean that awareness needs to be raised about the subject of work risk prevention. The authors, having carried out a comparative analysis of Spain and England (countries that represent models in terms of infrastructure management and financing) present the results that were obtained, paying particular attention to the worker–user–safety triad, which determines all the preventative action and measures that are taken. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Hum Factors Man 17: 229–244, 2007.

Technical Procedures for CDM Project Design

The success of CDM depends on active participation of public and private entities. In particular, participation of wide range of private companies is an important factor for the success. In order to promote the participation of private companies in the CDM project activities as project participants, the authors clarify the steps and technical issues involved in the CDM project design procedures in a step-by-step approach. The steps consist of outlining the project plans, identifying project impacts, defining a project boundary, estimating GHG emissions reduction/enhancement of removals, documenting the results of estimation, and designing of monitoring plans. The authors also propose guidance for project participants, especially for those not familiar with the CDM, which provides plain explanation of major technical issues. In order to further develop a complete guideline, it is necessary to integrate the outputs of the ongoing international initiatives concerning technical issues of CDM into the stepwise approach proposed in this paper.