Participation Of Multiple Stakeholders Research Articles

Toward a transformative climate change adaptation from local to global perspective—A transdisciplinary challenge by Kyoto Climate Change Adaptation Center

Policies for climate change adaptation differ from those for climate change mitigation, both of which share the common aim of maintaining a sustainable climate system that enables humankind to survive while enjoying wellbeing. Considering the variability in regional conditions, they must be diverse throughout the policymaking process, with the participation of multiple stakeholders, to place the livelihood of residents as the central issue. Simultaneously, these regional diversities must also be realized in a manner consistent with the global goal of climate change mitigation. To that end, comprehensive and transformative adaptation measures are essential, rather than responding to imminent issues on an ad-hoc basis. As the literature shows, a transdisciplinary approach involving researchers across different fields and multiple non-academic sectors can fill the gaps in transformative adaptation. Still, it has yet to be implemented because of the lack of experience of this issue. Here, we present key findings that affect the generation of synergies and tradeoffs among issues through our novel transdisciplinary approach in Kyoto, Japan, via a series of Future Design workshops in agriculture in collaboration with local farmers, regional policymakers, and researchers with diverse backgrounds. These results provide a direction for future research to secure a methodological foundation that will facilitate the sustainability of these efforts.

The Grounding Problem: An Approach to the Integration of Cognitive and Generative Models

The integration of cognitive and neural AI paradigms is a promising direction for overcoming the limitations of current deep learning models, but how to effect this integration is an open question. We propose that the key to this challenge lies in addressing the question of grounding. We adopt a cognitive perspective on grounding, and identify five types of grounding that are relevant for AI systems. We discuss ways that grounding in both cognitive and neural AI systems can facilitate the integration of these two paradigms, illustrating with examples in the domains of computational creativity and education. Because grounding is not only a technical problem but also a social and ethical one, requiring the collaboration and participation of multiple stakeholders, prosecuting such a research program is both timely and challenging.

Disaster management policy changes in Bangladesh: Drivers and factors of a shift from reactive to proactive approach

AbstractIn this paper, we argue that, while it is necessary to modify existing policy using the lessons learned from disaster events (i.e., reactive learning), this approach is insufficient on its own for dealing with ongoing and emerging climate‐induced disaster risks. Rather, we assert that policymakers must also adopt a proactive and anticipatory learning approach that would enable policy learning and policy evolution in the absence of a major disaster event. We examine drivers, actors, and processes of change in disaster‐management policy paradigms in Bangladesh. A longitudinal learning perspective is applied. We categorize disaster management (DM) policy regimes into three learning episodes: (i) reactive, (ii) transitional, and (iii) proactive. The roles of reactive and proactive learning in shifting DM policy paradigms within these learning episodes are particularly determined. Finally, five interrelated factors that triggered proactive policymaking are identified, which are: risk‐oriented policymaking; cross‐scale (i.e., lesson drawing and policy transfer) and cross‐level (i.e., from local, regional, and national experience) learning; participation of multiple stakeholders; research‐informed and knowledge‐based policymaking; and the presence of a strong advocacy group and a participatory policy process.

PERAN GURU DALAM MEMBERI PERLINDUNGAN TERHADAP ANAK (PERSEFEKTIF KEBIJAKAN HUKUM NARKOBA)

This paper aims to describe the role of teachers in providing protection to children from the point of view of drug law policy by formulating the problem of how the protection is by teachers children who abuse drugs. This study uses a qualitative research methodology. This type of research is under the umbrella of library research, namely research conducted through library research. The findings of this study are used to guide efforts to transfer children from the formal criminal justice system to non-formal criminal justice systems in order to keep them from becoming addicted to drugs. One of the distinctive aspects of this diversion technique is the participation of multiple stakeholders. Diversion differs from mediation in that it involves more than just the parties to the conflict; that mediation only involves conflicting parties, diversion also involves other parties such as community leaders, parents (children of perpetrators), religious leaders, law enforcement officers, and teachers. But among all those involved, the instructor was the one who had a significant impact. Because teachers function as surrogate parents, have more time with children than other adults, and help shape children's personalities.

Sustainable implementation of the carbon-labeling policy with customer participation and government supervision

China is vigorously pursuing carbon neutrality targets to combat global warming. As a powerful tool for encouraging individuals to adjust their consumption patterns and fostering the advancement of green consumption, the overall planning of carbon-labeling policy is accelerating accordingly. To better comprehend and strengthen the sustainable implementation of carbon-labeling policy, this study constructs a tripartite mainstay game to explore the interactive behavior of carbon-labeled enterprises and customers, with the substantial involvement of governmental regulators. First, the evolutionary stability strategy (ESS) is determined by solving replicated dynamic equations and stability analysis of equilibrium points. Then, the practicability and rationality of the evolutionary game model are assessed ESSs corresponding to various scenarios in the carbon-labeling scheme. Finally, the first Chinese television manufacturer to acquire carbon-labeled certification, TCL Group, is utilized as evidence to validate the theoretical findings and support the subsequent arguments: There are eight equilibrium points and three potential ESSs in the game model, and the selection of each ESS is primarily determined by the trade-off between costs and revenues for each stakeholder; the level of carbon-labeled enterprises' green R&D effort has a beneficial effect on the implementation of carbon-labeling policy, while customers' identification of carbon-labeled products will potentially affect operational orientation; and governments' stringent oversight is a vital assurance that both the carbon-labeled enterprises and customers adhere to green initiatives. The results thus not only elaborate on the efficient approach and insights for the sustainable implementation of carbon-labeling policy with the participation of multiple stakeholders, but also offer suggestions for enhancing incentives to improve regulatory regimes and market outcomes.

Reno-DM: A Knowledge model to support the decision-making process in the context of residential building renovation projects

The decision-making process to select solutions in residential building renovation projects is a complex task. These projects encounter rigid governance and ownership structures, participation of multiple stakeholders, diverse requirements, and a lack of consensus regarding methodologies and tools used within the decision-making process. Addressing some of these challenges requires a shared understanding of this domain. Therefore, this paper presents the Renovation-Decision-making (Reno-DM) model mapping key knowledge from the decision-making in renovation projects. It considers project characteristics, context information, building features, and their relation to aspects of the decision-making itself. The development of the Reno-DM model relies on an existing decision-making representation and the extraction of new concepts from interviews with stakeholders taking part in renovation projects and related literature. The interviews are analysed following an inductive content analysis approach. The Reno-DM model is developed in the form of an ontology. It provides a basis from which future knowledge management and reuse applications can be developed and deployed to support improvements in the decision-making process in the renovation field.

Towards a Sustainable Metamorphosis of a Small Island Tourism: Dynamizing Capacity Building, Alternating Governance Arrangements, and Emerging Political Bargaining Power

This study examines how local agents (non-profit-seeking actors and residents of Pahawang Island) developed empowering methods to address ecological problems during the island’s transformation from a small, secluded island to a tourist destination. Building capacity through grassroots initiatives, bottom-linked collaboration, and improved political bargaining power were critical components, constituting the conceptual framework to analyse the data. The socio-spatial shift in Pahawang Island reflects the nature, degree of involvement, and participation of multiple stakeholders. Slowly and gradually, bottom-up and later bottom-linked institutional efforts were implemented to lay the groundwork for a more sustainable ecology, social economy, and political transformation. Capacity building was dynamized by including it in a social innovation process, bottom-linked governance, and stimulated empowerment, which altered the governance, political bargaining power and policymaking power balance. Under these conditions, collaborative grassroots learning and action efforts can be a virtuous panacea for improving the sustainable governance of small islands, which is frequently disregarded in a neoliberal society.

Strategies for the Management of Traditional Chestnut Landscapes in Pesio Valley, Italy: A Participatory Approach

Through an exploratory case study conducted in the Pesio Valley, northwest Italy, this paper proposes a framework for maintaining traditional chestnut production landscapes and addressing future development policies. The main goal was to understand how to promote a bottom-up planning approach, including stakeholder perceptions in traditional chestnut landscape management. To ensure the sustainability of the landscape, current driving forces and their landscape effects were identified by local stakeholders using a focus group technique. Population ageing, local forestry policies directed towards supporting chestnut growers’ income, social and economic needs, and land fragmentation are the main driving forces that will influence future chestnut landscapes. The focus group participants built two scenarios of possible future development of the chestnut landscape, one characterized by the disappearance and transformation of chestnut stands, the other by their permanence and maintenance. The most recommended strategies for maintaining traditional chestnut cultivation were chestnut processing, fruit designation of origin, and the cultivation of traditional varieties. This study shows that, to preserve the traditional chestnut landscape, the participation of multiple stakeholders is a useful approach in landscape planning. This methodology could guide decision-makers and planners who desire to implement a participatory approach to a sustainable development program for traditional chestnut landscapes.

Mainstreaming DRM into subnational development policies in Mexico

PurposeThe present study proposes the analysis of DRM strategies that had been implemented into subnational development plans and public policy instruments in the States of Chiapas and Tabasco, located in Southeast Mexico. It describes the methodological phases for the implementation of those strategies and the participatory process, with a multi-level approach, carried out with multiple stakeholders and UNDP advisory.Design/methodology/approachFor this research, two case studies were developed to highlight the factors which make successful DRM in development plans and policies. It included the compilation and review of documents generated by UNDP-PMR program on the mainstreaming process in the past four years, interviews with key actors in the states of Chiapas and Tabasco, such as governmental officers, national and international ONG's, UN agencies and rural communities' leaders.FindingsThe review of these case studies demonstrate that for developing countries like Mexico, the process to strengthening institutions setting, needs being present in the field and creating alliances and synergies to generate advocacy processes from a capacity development approach. Having not only an output approach in projects but also mainly an impact strategy, both at the local and the sectoral levels, along with a mid-term timeline and budget, are some of the hallmarks of UNDP-PMR program work.Originality/valueThis study showed two original experiences of mainstreaming DRM into subnational development policies in high risk contexts. These experiences had the participation of multiple stakeholders from local governments and communities. Nowadays, these two experiences are being implemented in the territories despite political administration changes in the last years.

Partnership Research: A Pathway to Realize Multistakeholder Participation

Partnership research projects between academic researchers, service providers, policy makers, and persons from vulnerable populations are increasingly promoted as a means to inform and improve research and practice. Key elements in partnership research are the participation of multiple stakeholders and a shared responsibility and control over ideas, processes, and outcomes. This sounds clear, yet it is susceptible to various interpretations and coloring, creating the risk of unbalanced power between stakeholders and researcher. In this article, we present a case study in which partnership research is applied in the form of multistakeholder participation. In combination with theoretical concepts, we provide insight into how a partnership based on a nonhierarchical relationship between stakeholders and researcher is developed. We highlight three issues, being the reach, the depth of participation, and the power dynamics between stakeholders and researcher. The findings presented here focus on the partnership research process and the participation of multiple stakeholders as partners. Further research is needed to gain insight in the effectiveness of partnership research, that is, in how a partnership succeeds or fails to reach research goals, for example, improvement of practice, impact, and empowerment of stakeholders.

Challenges of Delivering HIV/AIDS Services to Migrant Patients in the Perspective of Hospital Management

Background: There has been a big challenge facing hospital management in dealing with migrant patients with HIV/AIDS as a result of insufficient health care workers and increased hospital budget. This study aims to analyse the current situation and to propose a management model on service delivery among HIV/AIDS migrant patients in a hospital setting. Methods: A qualitative research method was conducted at Samut Sakhon province using in-depth interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs) with 32 key informants from hospitals, provincial health offices, non-government organizations (NGOs) and health policymakers. The context, input, process and product (CIPP) framework was applied to analyse the current situation and the findings from the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis helped design a management model of HIV/AIDS care. Results: A HIV/AIDS management model was developed, consisting of key components in three levels: national enforcement of migrant registration, provincial migrant data centre and HIV/AIDS service integrated in community. This model would help administrators reduce financial burden and improve clinical outcomes. Conclusions: To enhance HIV/AIDS service delivery for migrant workers, data management and follow-up system on treatment continuation along with participation of multiple stakeholders including government, provincial health offices, public and private health care setting and international institutions are required.

The Rising of Green Society: Low-Carbon Consumption as a Result of Environmental Education in China

This article analyzes the factors that influence low-carbon consumption of college students, with the purpose of guiding environmental education in Chinese universities. To that end, a theoretical framework is proposed on the basis of interviews with several groups incombination with literature analysis using grounded theory and empirical verification methods. The study finds that external environment changes, individual psychological awareness, individual living habit, product technology development and low-carbon consumption intention are positively related to low-carbon consumption patterns. Finally, this paper points out that cultivating environmental education concepts of college students should make full use of different policy tools and adhere to the following principles: the combination of various policies and measures, the participation of multiple stakeholders, the popularization of low-carbon concepts, the demonstration of governments, the effectiveness of mass media, clearly defined laws and regulations and informal system construction.

Key factors for school health policy implementation in Thailand.

Thailand formulated a National School Health Policy (NSHP) in 1998, and it has been widely implemented but has not been evaluated. This case study aimed to identify factors that have influenced the implementation of NSHP in Thailand. For this purpose, we conducted a document review and key informant interviews. We selected key interviewees, from NSHP implementers at national, provincial and school levels in four geographical areas. We adopted a content analysis method, using a framework of 12 influential components of successful policy implementation and triangular policy framework. This study showed that NSHP was well-disseminated and implemented at whole country. We identified seven positive factors influencing NSHP implementation, namely matching with ongoing educational strategy, competition and encouragement by an awarding system, sustainable human capacity building at school level, participation of multiple stakeholders, sufficient understanding and acceptance of school health concepts, sharing information and collaboration among schools in the same clusters and functional fund raising activities. In addition, we identified three negative factors, namely lack of institutional sustainability, vague role of provincial officers and diverse health problems among Thai children. The government should clarify the role of provincial level and set up institutionalized capacity-building system as measures to strengthen monitoring and evaluation activities.

A Systemic Tool and Process for Sustainability Assessment

Sustainability assessment is a growing concern worldwide with United Nations’ Agenda 2030 being implemented. As sustainability refers to the consideration of environmental, social and economic issues in light of cultural, historic—retrospective and prospective—and institutional perspectives, appropriate tools are needed to ensure the complete coverage of these aspects and allow the participation of multiple stakeholders. This article presents a scientifically robust and flexible tool, developed over the last 25 years and tested in different cultural and development contexts to build a framework for sustainability assessment of policies, strategies, programs and projects in light of Agenda 2030. A selected case study conducted on a major mining project in Québec (Canada) illustrates the Sustainable Development Analytical Grid performance for sustainability assessment. This tool and process is part of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals Acceleration Toolkit; it is one of the most adaptable, addresses all 17 SDGs and is fully accessible for free. Other advantages and limitations of the tool and process are discussed.

Integrated Care Services for Chronic Disease – The Role a Programme Manager Plays in Making a Design a Reality

Introduction: Approximately 1 million people in Ireland today are living with Diabetes, Asthma, COPD or Cardiovascular disease. This is projected to increase by 4% annually. This represents a major challenge for the health services, society and the economy. To meet these challenges the HSE’s Clinical Strategy and Programme Health and Well-being team have designed and supported the implementation of models of Integrated Care (IC) for management of people with each of these chronic diseases. Practice change implemented: Since 2015, 61 chronic disease IC posts have been secured through the programme to support the transfer of care from secondary to primary care for people with a chronic illness. These include innovative IC nurse specialists for each of the chronic diseases based in the community and serving clusters of General Practices linking them to the local specialist services. They also include community podiatrists to implement the integrated diabetes foot care model, dietitians and physiotherapists to ensure accessible local structured education in diabetes and pulmonary rehabilitation. This represents a significant change in practice for care providers. Aim and theory of change: The aim of the programme management function was the co-ordination and facilitation of this change. In the initial phase the Programme Managers spent time developing a strategy to help ensure successful implementation of these posts. Each of the stakeholders involved were identified. Roles and responsibilities in the implementation process were agreed with the relevant Divisions. The main resistor identified was the difficulty in overcoming the challenge posed by people‘s reluctance to change. The Programme Managers recognised that in order for the changes to be realised, the vision for these posts needed to be communicated. Meetings with all clinical disciplines and management were held, the benefits of the change for each of these groups were framed to inspire and motivate them to support the implementation. The Programme Managers ensured an inclusive approach was taken as the success of the project is dependent on collaboration amongst multiple individuals and groups to achieve its goal. Targeted population and stakeholders: People with chronic illness Advocacy groups Healthcare providers Healthcare Management Timeline: This project has been ongoing since 2015. All 61 chronic disease posts will be in place by March 2017. Highlights (innovation, Impact and outcomes) Innovation: Co-design of integrated services across Clinical Programmes, National Directorates, service providers and functions Development of new governance structures for the implementation of chronic disease IC services New documentation developed e.g. job descriptions, Terms of References, reporting structure models. Impact: Reinforced the need for IC services for chronic disease Presented opportunities for engagement and knowledge sharing between stakeholders from different parts of the system where previously there was limited overlap Introduced new ways of working for Programme Managers Enhanced knowledge of the potential barriers to service integration including infrastructural challenges e.g. IT, communications, physical space, equipment. Demonstrated the importance of the National Clinical Advisor & Group Lead role in providing leadership for a co-ordinated approach to chronic disease management across these 4 diseases Outcome: Key performance indicators are currently in development which once evaluated will assist in demonstrating the effects of these posts on services Sustainability: Participation of multiple stakeholders and the shared learning gained will contribute to success. Project aligned to Government policy for IC. Transferability: Approach and learning on the design and implementation can be transferred to future initiatives by the IC Programme (ICP) for the Prevention and Management of Chronic Disease, and other ICPs. Conclusion & Discussion: Effective Programme Management is an essential element to supporting Implementation of IC. Lessons learned: Importance of an inclusive, collaborative team based leadership approach in introducing system wide change.

Medicine Goes Female: Protocol for Improving Career Options of Females and Working Conditions for Researching Physicians in Clinical Medical Research by Organizational Transformation and Participatory Design.

BackgroundAll European countries need to increase the number of health professionals in the near future. Most efforts have not brought the expected results so far. The current notion is that this is mainly related to the fact that female physicians will clearly outnumber their male colleagues within a few years in nearly all European countries. Still, women are underrepresented in leadership and research positions throughout Europe.ObjectivesThe MedGoFem project addresses multiple perspectives with the participation of multiple stakeholders. The goal is to facilitate the implementation of Gender Equality Plans (GEP) in university hospitals; thereby, transforming the working conditions for women working as researchers and highly qualified physicians simultaneously. Our proposed innovation, a crosscutting topic in all research and clinical activities, must become an essential part of university hospital strategic concepts.MethodsWe capture the current status with gender-sensitive demographic data concerning medical staff and conduct Web-based surveys to identify cultural, country-specific, and interdisciplinary factors conducive to women’s academic success. Individual expectations of employees regarding job satisfaction and working conditions will be visualized based on “personal construct theory” through repertory grids. An expert board working out scenarios and a gender topic agenda will identify culture-, nation-, and discipline-specific aspects of gender equality. University hospitals in 7 countries will establish consensus groups, which work on related topics. Hospital management supports the consensus groups, valuates group results, and shares discussion results and suggested measures across groups. Central findings of the consensus groups will be prepared as exemplary case studies for academic teaching on research and work organization, leadership, and management.ResultsA discussion group on gender equality in academic medicine will be established on an internationally renowned open-research platform. Project results will be published in peer-reviewed journals with high-impact factors. In addition, workshops on gender dimension in research using the principles of Gendered Innovation will be held. Support and consulting services for hospitals will be introduced in order to develop a European consulting service.ConclusionsThe main impact of the project will be the implementation of innovative GEP tailored to the needs of university hospitals, which will lead to measurable institutional change in gender equality. This will impact the research at university hospitals in general, and will improve career prospects of female researchers in particular. Simultaneously, the gender dimension in medical research as an innovation factor and mandatory topic will be strengthened and integrated in each individual university hospital research activity. Research funding organizations can use the built knowledge to include mandatory topics for funding applications to enforce the use and implementation of GEP in university hospitals.

Promoting universal psychological well-being in an urban U.S. public school using a culture-specific, participatory action research approach to consultation

In the United States, children that require mental health supports most frequently receive them in school. Promoting social-emotional skills is considered both a universal prevention against future psychological disturbances as well as a core component in the treatment of psychological disorders. However, fostering social-emotional skills requires the establishment of school programs or school reform. This study aimed to impact social-emotional supports by eliciting the participation of multiple stakeholders in problem solving and decision making to co-construct programs. Methods, data, and analyses illustrate to practitioners a process for cultural co-construction that remains congruent with traditional stages of problem solving.

Progressive Consent and Specimen Accrual Models to Address Sustainability: A Decade's Experience at an Oregon Biorepository.

The Legacy Biorepository is a College of American Pathologists-accredited biorepository operating within a seven-hospital healthcare system, with a decade's experience in specimen accrual, storage, and distribution. While standardization of our practices through accreditation remains a priority, we along with others face challenges with regard to sustainability. Purposeful changes in our consent process, which we term "progressive consent," are expected to improve sustainability and operational flexibility while increasing our scientific impact. Until 2015, informed consent was performed primarily by biorepository staff at an estimated time of 1 hour per case. After a process improvement exercise, we successfully changed our informed consent process to a modified front-door model, with use of material and data for research as an opt-in or opt-out selection on the institutional patient informed consent form provided to surgery patients in the healthcare system. Successful implementation of this change required the engagement and participation of multiple stakeholders in healthcare system leadership, hospital administration, research, legal, regulatory, and patient care levels. A modified front-door consent enabled us to collect an additional 38 specimens in the first two quarters of 2016, with a time commitment of 15.75 hours, a time savings per specimen increasing in Q2 over Q1. We estimate a potential savings of 43 hours in 2016. This progressive model allowed us to maintain our frozen sample collection while increasing the availability of paraffin-embedded tissue and bodily fluids. Augmenting our tissue collection added little expense per case (approximately half that of each frozen tissue aliquot) and increased the range of biospecimens collected. Biorepository financial sustainability is a critical issue. Thorough evaluation and modification of existing procedures and collection models, as well as cost recovery initiatives, can translate into savings. Sustainability, process improvement, and scientific impact broadly overlap and continue to require operational critique and implementation of strategic changes.

Multi-criteria decision-making for flood risk management: a survey of the current state of the art

Abstract. This paper provides a review of multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) applications to flood risk management, seeking to highlight trends and identify research gaps. A total of 128 peer-reviewed papers published from 1995 to June 2015 were systematically analysed. Results showed that the number of flood MCDM publications has exponentially grown during this period, with over 82 % of all papers published since 2009. A wide range of applications were identified, with most papers focusing on ranking alternatives for flood mitigation, followed by risk, hazard, and vulnerability assessment. The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) was the most popular method, followed by Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), and Simple Additive Weighting (SAW). Although there is greater interest in MCDM, uncertainty analysis remains an issue and was seldom applied in flood-related studies. In addition, participation of multiple stakeholders has been generally fragmented, focusing on particular stages of the decision-making process, especially on the definition of criteria weights. Therefore, addressing the uncertainties around stakeholders' judgments and endorsing an active participation in all steps of the decision-making process should be explored in future applications. This could help to increase the quality of decisions and the implementation of chosen measures.

Combining Participatory Rural Appraisal and Group Model Building Techniques for NREGA Evaluation at Village Level

Monitoring and Evaluation of the NREGS is a critical attribute mandated by the act itself and is done as a third party social audit (mandatory as per the ministry of rural development) or an ME however, it has limitations in enhancing the understanding of the system and rationale of implementation of the scheme. Group Model Building (GMB) processes can be applied in dynamically complex situations including the multifactorial and daedal policies as NREGA. This process too, invokes the participation of multiple stakeholders involved in the problem or the situation (required to be analyzed) and eventually creates a more shared understanding of the dynamics and impending actions to improve the situation.