Conscious Participation Research Articles

The influence of public awareness on public participation in environmental governance: Empirical evidence in China

Abstract Public participation in environmental governance is conducive to alleviating environmental pollution. In order to mobilize the enthusiasm of public to participate in environmental governance, based on the CGSS samples oriented to the whole China, we analyze the influence of public awareness on four kinds of public participation in environmental governance: consciousness participation, inducement participation, input participation and ex-post participation. The results show that environmental risk awareness and media usage awareness have positive effects on four kinds of public participation behaviors. The public with a frugal lifestyle in daily life tend to choose inducement participation. Governmental interaction awareness promotes public participation in environmental governance, especially the input participation behavior. The public with a positive legal awareness tends to opt for ex-post participation. Unobstructed channels of environmental rights protection and higher level of environmental cognition are important factors to promote public participation in environmental governance. However, the public's low evaluation of the government environmental governance and the public's pursuit of short-term economic interests will lead to the reduction of participation enthusiasm. The results have passed the endogenous test and robustness test. As the real environmental governance of the local government is not always consistent with the public's evaluation of the local government's environmental governance, the inconsistency may influence the public participation in environmental governance.

How to Balance Privacy and (Health) Benefits: Privacy Calculus and the Intention to Use Health Tracking at the Workplace

To address increasing pressures experienced in the workplace, the use of wearables as part of workplace health promotion programs is on the rise. Even though the benefits are well-known, participation rates are often low due to privacy-related issues. Therefore, this study illuminates the area of privacy further by investigating the influence of the wearable’s additional private use and limited data access on employees’ intended use. Based on technology acceptance and Privacy Calculus Theory, this study applied a factorial survey experiment to test several literature-driven hypotheses. While restricting data access to the employee has a positive impact on employees’ privacy concerns, perceived benefits, and intended use, the possibility of private use is only of secondary relevance for individuals’ privacy perceptions and intention to use. The results provide empirical evidence on how the design of digital workplace health promotion programs can increase conscious participation.

Citizen science for social physics: digital tools and participation

Social physics is an active and diverse field in which many scientists with formal training in physics study a broad class of complex social phenomena. Social physics investigates societal problems but most often does not count on the active and conscious participation of the citizens. We here want to support the idea that citizen science, and more particularly citizen social science, can contribute to the broad field of social physics. The current manuscript is not a review paper of citizen science projects from the context of social physics as there are still too few experiences in this context. We, in contrast, present a selection of our own experiences during the last decade to extract key learnings and further reflect on citizen science practices for social physics. We first describe several human mobility experiments in urban contexts with the participation of concerned young students, old women, or other different groups of neighbors. We second share how we have studied community mental healthcare provision in collaboration with a civil society organization and with the intense involvement of persons with lived experience in mental health. In both cases, we narrow down the discussion to digital tools being used and the involved participatory dynamics. In this way, we share key learnings to enhance a synergistic relationship between social physics and citizen science and with the aim of increasing the societal impact of the research on complex social phenomena.

Aprendizaje activo en enseñanza media: creencias docentes que facilitan y obstaculizan su aplicación

The health crisis has accentuated the teaching-learning challenges in the national school system, highlighting the urgency of improving educational quality. To achieve this, it is essential to improve pedagogical practices in classrooms, moving from conventional methods to student-centered strategies. This allows active and conscious participation in their challenges and achievements, adapting to current needs. This research analyzes the beliefs of secondary school teachers in Chile through a multiple case study in three high schools in the Metropolitan Region. The opportunities and difficulties linked to active learning in high schools that apply a teacher professional development program were explored. The results reveal that teachers incorporate their beliefs about active learning, considering factors such as the diversity of students, the development of skills such as inquiry and reflection, and the challenges that come with the transition from a traditional to an active approach. These findings indicate that teachers are willing to adopt active learning, demonstrating a commitment to improvement, which increases the challenge for the educational system to provide the necessary tools to make this possible.

GHANDIAN PHILOSOPHY OF NON-VIOLENCE IN THE ITALIAN CONSTITUTION

This article explores the connection between Mahatma Gandhi’s philosophy of non-violence and the fundamental principles of the 1948 Italian Constitution, analysing how Gandhian values have influenced the architecture of rights and freedoms enshrined in the Italian Constitutional Charter. The article begins with a reflection on work as an instrument of personal emancipation and collective growth, a concept that Gandhi considered central to the development of a just and harmonious society. It examines how Article 1 of the Italian Constitution, which proclaims Italy as ‘a democratic republic, founded on labour’, embodies these principles, highlighting the role of work not only as a means of subsistence, but as the foundation of the welfare and progress of the entire nation.Continuing, the article analyses the principle of formal and substantive equality enshrined in Article 3 of the Italian Constitution, relating it to Gandhi’s struggle against the caste system in India. The Italian Constitution embraces the concept of equality not only before the law, but also in the removal of economic and social obstacles that prevent the effective enjoyment of rights by all citizens.Special attention is devoted to Article 11 of the Constitution, which repudiates war as an instrument of offence against the freedom of other peoples and promotes peace and international cooperation. This principle is closely linked to the Gandhian philosophy of non-violence, which rejects the use of force not only in the personal sphere, but also in international relations, proposing instead dialogue and diplomacy as tools for conflict resolution.The article also explores the principle of the presumption of innocence, enshrined in Article 27 of the Italian Constitution, in contrast to the repressive practices of authoritarian regimes, both colonial and fascist, which assumed the guilt of anyone who opposed the established power. It is emphasised that the Italian Constitution represents an important step towards a fairer justice that respects human dignity.Finally, the role of science and freedom of teaching is examined, with a focus on Article 33 of the Constitution, which guarantees scientific freedom as a pillar of human progress. The article highlights the Gandhian vision of a science at the service of humanity, criticising the use of technology without ethical and human considerations, and arguing for the importance of science education that promotes open debate and respect for divergent opinions.Ultimately, the Italian Constitution, through its fundamental principles, not only reflects the Gandhian vision of a just and peaceful society, but also embodies a relentless commitment to the pursuit of truth. This commitment, like truth itself, is an ongoing journey that requires the active and conscious participation of every citizen to build a society in which justice, equality and human dignity are constantly pursued and realised.

РОЗВИВАЛЬНЕ ОСВІТНЄ СЕРЕДОВИЩЕ НА УРОКАХ БІОЛОГІЇ: КЛЮЧОВІ ПРИНЦИПИ ТА ПРАКТИЧНІ ПІДХОДИ

The article deals with the issue of organising developmental educational environment at biology lessons.The study emphasises that modern education requires the introduction of new approaches that will help to form competences, develop critical thinking, abilities, creativity and independence of students. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the components, key principles and practical approaches to the organisation of developmental educational environment at biology lessons. Based on the analysis of modern researches, the article describes modern approaches to the definition of the concepts of «educational environment», «learning environment», «developmental educational environment». The authors have found that the educational environment is a multimodal space that should be in line with modern technologies, methods, and forms of learning.The components of the developmental educational environment are substantiated: target, value, technological, psychological, informational, subject-spatial and socio-cultural. The article presents practical approaches (developmental, competence and activity-based) and key principles for creating developmental educational environment at biology lessons (activity in learning, humanisation, problematic, relevant and timely knowledge, conscious participation of students in the educational process, freedom of choice of learning conditions). The authors note that developmental educational environment is a set of pedagogical conditions that contribute not only to the acquisition of knowledge but also to the development of skills and competencies, and create opportunities for students’ self-realisation. The authors of the article conclude that for the successful organization of the educational environment it is necessary to take into account its multifacedness, systematicity, complexity, as well as the need to improve technologies, methods and approaches for the purpose of the development of each individual. Key words: educational environment, developmental learning, developmental educational environment, didactic principles, practical approaches, biology lesson, education.

The place of legal obligations in the system of social obligations

The emergence and gradual development of human society, as well as the need to regulate relations between individuals within such a society, lead to the emergence of the first elementary rules of behavior. Undoubtedly, such rules arise spontaneously in the process of living together, have an oral form of expression and are supported by early traditions and customs. Gradually, the dynamic development of society causes complications and branching of ties between its members, giving impetus to the appearance of more regulated and established rules of behavior, namely, a system of social norms. The system of social norms is created and developed throughout the history of mankind, adapting to the emergence of new needs and interests of society. That is why this system is characterized by objectivity, as it expresses the laws of the development of society, its specificity, fixing stable and repeated social connections. At the same time, it is worth taking into account the subjective factor in the formation of social norms, since they cannot arise without the participation of public consciousness. The subjective nature of social norms is determined by the possibility of individuals and social groups to realize the needs of society in establishing value guidelines for behavior and to establish them in various rules or prescriptions, having formed a certain level of legal consciousness that would correspond to the level of development of society. So, on the one hand, social norms are created by people and have a conscious-volitional character, and on the other hand, they are determined by the action of objective laws that do not depend on a person. Thus, social norms can be defined as rules of behavior of a general nature existing in society, determined by objective laws, which express the will of a certain part of the population or the entire society and are provided by various means of social influence. At the nascent stage of the system of social norms, most of it consisted of social obligations and sanctions for their non-compliance, which were determined by the system of society at that time. Social duties arise together with the appearance in human society of the germs of morality and a person's awareness of his responsibility to his family and tribe. Accordingly, with the development of humanity and the diversification of social interactions, the institution of duty was modified, acquiring new features and giving impetus to the emergence of moral, religious, and later legal duties. A legal obligation arises and develops in a close relationship with other types of social obligations, in particular - moral, religious, corporate, so we consider it expedient to compare and compare them.

The role of consciousness in Chinese nominal metaphor processing: a psychophysical approach

Abstract Conceptual metaphor theory (CMT) holds that most conceptual metaphors are processed unconsciously. However, whether multiple words can be integrated into a holistic metaphoric sentence without consciousness remains controversial in cognitive science and psychology. This study aims to investigate the role of consciousness in processing Chinese nominal metaphoric sentences ‘A是B’ (A is[like] B) with a psychophysical experimental paradigm referred to as breaking continuous flash suppression (b-CFS). We manipulated sentence types (metaphoric, literal and anomalous) and word forms (upright, inverted) in a two-staged experiment (CFS and non-CFS). No difference was found in the breakthrough times among all three types of sentences in the CFS stage, while literal sentences were detected more slowly than either metaphoric or anomalous sentences in the non-CFS stage. The results suggest that the integration of multiple words may not succeed without the participation of consciousness, let alone metaphoric processing. These findings may redefine ‘unconscious’ in CMT as ‘preconscious’ and support the indirect access view regarding how the metaphoric meaning is processed in the brain.

Колабораціонізм на окупованих територіях в освітянській сфері у період 2014–2024 рр.

The article considered the problem of collaborationism among Ukrainian educators who are in the occupied territory of the country. The spread of collaborationism is associated with the active use of various methods of hybrid warfare by the Russian Federation, which led to Ukraine’s temporary loss of territorial integrity and the occupation of part of its territories. The social danger of collaborationism is manifested in the threat to national security, the commission of crimes against humanity, the increase of social tension and the violation of international law. Collaborative activity in the field of education means the conscious participation of a citizen of Ukraine in the performance of these tasks in the occupied territory for the benefit of the aggressor state. It has been found that the main reasons for committing collaborative acts in the educational sphere are the preservation of the workplace, the desire for career growth, financial reward or other selfish motives, and the desire for revenge. In the educational process, key manifestations of collaborationism are the implementation of educational standards of the aggressor state and the implementation of propaganda in educational institutions. Some examples of collaborationism in the occupied territory of Ukraine from 2014 to the present day, changes in curricula and teaching methods are analyzed. By using various techniques, such as bribing heads of educational institutions, teachers, parents, transferring universities and creating alternative educational institutions, the occupiers try to gain control over the educational process in the occupied territories. Teachers who work in the occupied territories under Russian programs become accomplices and collaborators of the occupying power. Possible ways to overcome the phenomenon of collaborationism in the future are highlighted. To date, educators who are in the temporarily occupied territories and cannot leave for the territories controlled by Ukraine are recommended to document by any available means the facts of coercion to cooperate with the occupiers. In the future, the authorities should ensure the transparency and publicity of the system of punishments for collaborationism. Collaborators must be prosecuted and held accountable for their actions before the law.

ЕВОЛЮЦІЯ СИСТЕМИ КОРПОРАТИВНОЇ СОЦІАЛЬНОЇ ВІДПОВІДАЛЬНОСТІ

The pandemic and the post-Covid period, military actions on the territory of Ukraine have changed the orientations in the strategic planning of business entities. Entrepreneurs have become more socially responsible and environmentally conscious participants in the global economy. In the conditions of geopolitical and cultural transformations, they felt their important role in the formation of a strong civil society. The article examines modern aspects of corporate social responsibility (CSR) as a relevant component of enterprise management. The periods of formation and development of CSR are systematized, citing the authors of the main works of that time and the main ideas of doctrines. The limitations of each stage of evolution during the transition to the next one are defined. The conducted research proves that CSR is a complex multi-component system, the elements of which are able to stimulate the sustainable development of the ecosystem, contribute to social stabilization and environmental restoration. Creating a favorable environment for prosperity means not only supporting economic growth and entrepreneurship, but also ensuring equal opportunities, improving the quality of life, and investing in human capital. The authors characterized the theoretical foundations of CSR formation, highlighting approaches and concepts based on object-functional analysis. Practical recommendations for the effective use of CSR are offered, such as professional trainings, social and charitable missions, support for educational and cultural initiatives, implementation of environmental projects, energy saving and food security programs, cooperation with local communities, etc. CSR becomes a kind of catalyst for enterprises that seek to play a positive role in society and contribute to the development of the future welfare of nations. The decisive role of CSR in ensuring the competitiveness and successful development of enterprises in harmony with nature and achieving social progress of society in today’s globalization conditions has been confirmed.

STEREOTYPES AS DISTORTING MIRROR OF REALITY

The purpose of the study is to analyze the mechanisms and causes of social stereotypes formation in modern world. The problem of stability and variability of ethnic stereotypes, as well as heterostereotypes (external stereotypes formed by representatives of one culture about another) and autostereotypes (myths about themselves that exist within the framework of the given culture) are considered. Modern society is characterized by stereotypical mindset. There are various stereotypes that exist at language level and may interfere in the process of intercultural communication. Intercultural perception is a key point in interaction of the representatives of different cultures, and ethnic stereotypes are an important component of intercultural perception. The mechanisms of forming stereotypes are connected with the peculiarities of human mindset and psyche. Mechanisms of stereotyping also include a person’s tendency to draw conclusions based on one’s own cultural experience. Once formed, stereotypes acquire а high degree of stability. They are difficult to modify and become a “distorting mirror”, in which the representatives of different groups are reflected in a blurred or distorted form. Language plays a leading role in creating stereotypes. Constant repetition of the same phrases, which acquire stability on the level of language within a course of time, leads to the fact that their meaning settles in the subcortex of the brain, and their perception takes place automatically, without the participation of higher consciousness. Language carries in itself a huge influencing power. Modeling the worldview of native speakers, it defines their actions and behavior not only on the interpersonal, but also on the social levels.

Optimising Physical Education Classes in Schools Using Technology: The use of mobile apps for active participation of medically exempt students with a focus on skill development and medical rehabilitation

The literature focuses more on healthy students, and the methodologies for organising physical education lessons do not address in depth the problem of physically exempt students who, with time, transform from exempt students into possible patients. This research aims to develop the application "Info-Scutit-Efort" in physical educa-tion lessons to facilitate learning, assessment of medically exempt students and their en-gagement in directed/adapted effort recovery programs in the physical education lesson. The research also aims to extend the use of the application to cover a broader range of needs. This study highlights the usefulness of the "Info-Scutit-Efort" app to actively and consciously engage 55 medically exempt students (58.2% of the total and 42.8% partially) in physical education lessons. The app, in an enhanced form, offers free and flexible access to different functionalities, in line with all the content of the curriculum and the Medical Checklist, transformed into questions so that the exempted student can access information about previously taught homework, homework taught in real-time, or information about general or particular medical recommendations depending on the diagnosis. In the assessment section, students can access tasks and tests to assess their knowledge, and in the self-assessment section, they can use tools to track their progress. The assessment provided by the app after the session can give the student a grade for previously taught information if they access the homework from the lessons covered, or it can provide a grade for the current assessment to test active and conscious participation in the lesson just taught as well as information about the indications, recovery programs, received from doctors for various conditions for which students have received medical exemption. The results of the simple linear regression analysis revealed that the relationship between the time spent accessing the application (minutes = 18.60±4.821) and the grade received is significant (p <0.05), with a regression coefficient of 0.241 and an R² of 0.762, which means that the time spent accessing the application explains 76.2% of the variation in the grade received.

Features of situational teaching methods in china

Abstract. In modern conditions, the issue of adapting best educational practices from friendly countries, including China, as one of the countries with positive dynamics in improving the quality of education, becomes relevant. For quite a long time, in the pedagogical community and not only in China, the essence of learning was considered a process in which teachers, using their knowledge, skills and techniques, teach students with the active and conscious participation of the latter. Even then, learning was considered as a process of cognition, a special process that differs from other similar processes in people’s lives in terms of the object of cognition, speed, and methods. In the late 1950s, the idea arose in the pedagogical community that in the educational process it is necessary to follow the equation «practice – theory – practice». For this reason, many scholars in China began to conduct research on the essence of learning. The purpose and objectives of the study were to analyze the theory and practice of studying the learning process, including methods, in China. One of them is situational teaching methods. At the same time, methods of theoretical analysis, synthesis, interpretation, and generalization were used. Main results: in the course of the analysis, successful practices of using methods of teaching and educating students were identified, a characteristic was given and features of situational teaching methods based on the Concept of situational learning by Li Jilin were given. These methods are presented as methods of «live» learning, which contribute to the observance of the principle «teaching – educate».

EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT

Educational Management is based on democratic principles and is focused on the development and quality of teaching, allowing people to recognize the importance of collective and conscious participation in decisions involving collective interest. This idea envisages the realization of Educational Management, where everyone, in addition to overcoming limitations, can share the responsibilities of teamwork. Society is increasingly demanding to have a quality education, which means that all segments are always looking to improve the structures, the qualification of the teaching staff and thus have a better education. This requires responsibility and organization of all sectors of a school, it is necessary to focus on the processes that provide a safe and effective constructive teaching environment for the entire school environment. For educational management to have a good development, everyone needs to feel involved, from the administrative to the pedagogical sector, where managers must optimize activities and increase the efficiency of teaching within the educational institution.

Freedom of contract: prerequisites for development in the conditions of digitalization of the economy

Digital technologies influenced the development of civil-law relations in the field of trade, financial, educational, consulting services, entertainment, etc., leading to the emergence of remote forms of offer and acceptance. The development of "business on the network" initiated the practice of applying the principle of freedom of contract by participants in civil-law relations in this renewed capacity. The acquired experience needs to be studied and understood in order to take into account in the legislation the needs of participants in civil-law relations in the world of Internet technologies. The purpose of the paper is to study the prerequisites for the development of the principle of freedom of contract in the digitalized economy. Based on the research materials, it was determined that the main prerequisites for the development of the principle of freedom of contract in the conditions of digitalization of the economy are: 1) increasing the availability of goods, works and services that are ordered (provided) through network technologies; 2) individualization of the provisions of the public offer by e-commerce entities in order to achieve more favorable conditions; 3) provision of timely and complete information to the counterparty before accepting the offer. The results of research into the activities of e-commerce entities show that there is a widespread practice of individualizing essential conditions for categories of unregistered users, which differ based on the frequency of visits to the entity's website, their geolocation, or other technological parameters. Considering the fact that the subjects act on the basis of a public offer (public contract), this practice contradicts the requirements of civil legislation. However, taking into account the requirements of reasonableness and justice, which are the basis of the principle of freedom of contract, we consider it appropriate to consider such a practice (if such an entity operate in a competitive market) as appropriate. We consider it justified to place on the side of the contract developer of the public offer an additional duty to assist the other party in conscious participation in contractual relations. Such an obligation as a legal means of ensuring freedom of will is necessary to ensure the good faith of counterparties in the digital economy.

Le syndrome de Munchausen partagé chez l’adolescent : un entre deux pour un continuum du syndrome de Munchausen par procuration au syndrome de Munchausen

ObjectivesMunchausen syndrome by proxy is defined by the production of factitious disorders on an individual by a close relative, generating a medical nomadism and more or less invasive somatic treatments. The reported cases of victims range from the perinatal period to adulthood. The existence of cases in adolescents raises the question of the victim's participation, conscious or unconscious, in Munchausen syndrome by proxy. The aim of this study was to investigate the type of adolescent involvement in this syndrome. Patients and methodsWe collected a series of height cases hospitalized in the Children and Adolescents Psychiatry Department of the Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, from 1994 to 2022. These patients were hospitalized in a context of complex clinical expressions for which the diagnosis of Munchausen syndrome by proxy was a possibility. We studied the different psychopathological aspects of these eight cases from the medical records (hospitalization reports, patient interviews, psychological and psychomotor assessments). ResultsWe described 8 cases of hospitalized children,aged between 9 and 17 years. Their functional symptoms were psychiatric and sometimes somatic. The additional benefits were, for the majority of them, to receive parental attention, with an improvement noted in all patients during the separation from the relative. We studied the patient's participation in the different cases described, and the awareness level of their own participation. DiscussionThese different clinical observations enable us to outline a systemic dimension with a system composed of the perpetrator, the “victim” patient and the doctor suggesting a participation of each member in the system. The psychopathological arguments found are the improvement at the separation from the relative, systemic dysfunctions, a family organization around the relationship of two members, most often between the child and his mother without a third person and more particularly without a paternal figure, fostering an exclusive mother-child dyadic interaction. All of the benefits secondary to the production of the disorders are mainly aimed at maintaining a “fusional” relationship with the parent, based on somatic or psychiatric symptoms. In these complex cases, we question the participation of the child, seeking to meet the expectations of his parent who sees him as a chronic patient, in this pathology initially induced by a family member. In view of the systemic arguments, we propose the term “shared” rather than “by proxy” Munchausen syndrome in cases of active or passive and partially conscious participation of the adolescent in the subterfuge. ConclusionThis series has thus led us to favor a systemic approach especially in the older adolescents and to introduce the concept of shared Munchausen syndrome. We collected cases of Munchausen syndrome “by proxy”, especially in younger patients, cases of “shared” Munchausen syndrome and cases of patients who self-inflict lesions with a conscious and active participation in the Munchausen syndrome suggesting an evolution towards a “classic” Munchausen syndrome. We can assume that the different syndromes of Munchausen “by proxy”, “shared” or “classic” present themselves as a continuum according to age and psychic maturity.

Understanding audience willingness to keep subscriptions in digital podcast: A dual identification perspective

ABSTRACT Podcasts have gained popularity with the advent of sound consumption. Based on the social identity theory and through a dual identification framework, this research investigates why audiences are willing to pay and keep subscriptions to digital podcast platforms. The data are collected from 321 podcast audiences in Taiwan and analyzed via a structural equation model. The results herein find that audiences’ parasocial relationship, self-congruity, and personal self-concept have a direct and positive influence on podcaster identification. At the same time, audiences’ conscious participation and enthusiasm have a direct and positive influence on group identification. Podcaster identification and group identification are positively associated with listeners’ willingness to keep their subscription. Furthermore, companionship partially moderates the impact of identification on continued subscription intentions. Insights from this study extend the social identity theory, podcaster-audience interaction, and subscription behaviors to a new and emerging context as well as help marketers better understand how to engage more effectively with podcast audiences.

Framing Analysis – Possibilities of Use in Studies of Media Discourse on Higher Education

This article presents the basic assumptions and tools characteristic of framing analysis – a perspective of reconstructing schemas of interpretation (frames) in public communication. The potential of framing in research on discourse, especially in analyses of media discourse and higher education, has been described, along with an example of designing an analytical process of media framing of the university in the context of the currentreform of higher education in Poland. Introducing the essentials of framing and reflection on the processes of assigning meanings are in line with the goal of promoting conscious participation in public discourse and shaping the reality of higher education and thecontemporary university.

Relationships Between Consumer Engagement and Purchase Intention of Ecological Products

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the relationship between consumer engagement with the Beta brand and the purchase intention of ecological products sold by the company. Theoretical framework: It builds on the literature on consumer engagement and behavior and green or ecological products Method/design/approach: In this study, the research was characterized as quantitative, descriptive and explanatory, with data collected through a survey. The study population was made up of consumers and potential consumers of Beta Cosmetics, a company that operates in the beauty market, offering sustainable solid products. A sample composed of consumers who agreed to participate in the survey was used, totaling 107 respondents. Results and conclusion: The results indicate that conscious participation positively affects the purchase intention of these products, and that consumers who regularly buy the products are more engaged, enthusiastic and conscious, and perceive greater value in the products. Meanwhile, consumers who rarely buy the products have high purchase intention, but are more sensitive to the price, as these products are more expensive than traditional products on the market. Research Implications: This study has an impact on practical implications in the practice of ecological products, as it emphasizes that engagement and awareness may not lead to sales. Although consumers perceive value in ecological products, the high price plays an important role in preventing the realization of purchase intentions. Originality/value: The paper provides evidence of the determinants of ecological products purchase intentions. It also shows that developing ideas that will educate, attract and engage consumers might strengthen their purchase intention, specially if combined with a competitive price.

Przygotowanie pierwszokomunijne w dokumencie „Wskazania duszpastersko-katechetyczne Arcybiskupa Metropolity Białostockiego”

The Eucharist, as “the source and summit of the whole Christian life” demands solid parish catechesis that refers to the catechumenal model, allowing children to effectively prepare for full and conscious participation in the sacramental life of the Church. The “Pastoral and Catechetical Guidelines of the Archbishop of Białystok for Preparing Children for the Sacrament of Penance and Reconciliation and First Holy Communion in the Archdiocese of Białystok” present a diocesan formation program entitled “To Meet with the Lord Jesus.” The article will present the program for preparing children for the sacrament of penance and reconciliation and First Holy Communion, which is the main subject of the document. The discussed document outlines all actions aimed at leading children to a personal encounter with Christ in the sacrament of the Eucharist. This goal can be achieved through a program divided into four stages: remote preparation (religious upbringing in the family and parish), proximate preparation (school and parish catechesis), immediate preparation (intensive catechesis), and mystagogical deepening (sacramental formation). The document emphasizes the active participation of parents, the role of the parish priest and catechists, and the integration of children into the life of the parish community. The aim of these activities is to ensure that children have a profound and conscious experience of the sacraments and to foster their spiritual growth.