Participation Of Young Adults Research Articles

Joining alone: factors that influence the musical participation of young adults after leaving school

Abstract When young people leave the musical world of their school environment, a lack of clear routes into adult musical engagement brings a risk of wasted ability, motivation and enjoyment, which arguably undermines the value of music education. This study explored the factors that influence continued musical participation among young British adults who had been actively engaged in school music. Musical participation is defined in this research as group music-making in either a formal or informal setting. Participants (n = 102) completed an online questionnaire or were interviewed (n = 6) about their past and present musical experiences along with future expectations for music-making. The stark headline finding was that while 87% of participants had intended to continue with music-making beyond school, only 48% had found groups to join. Nonetheless, 78% expected to continue with music-making in the future. Our research therefore suggests that any break from musical participation need not be permanent for individuals who have established strong musical identities through their early experiences. To conclude, we present a model of lifelong musical participation that illustrates the influences, motivations and choices that contribute to sustained musical engagement.

Participation Strategies Used by Young People With and Without Physical Disabilities.

Participation strategies used by young people (YP) are understudied. This study aimed to identify strategies used by YP with and without physical disabilities to promote participation at home, school, community, and workplace. In this qualitative descriptive study, 106 participants ages 12 to 30 ( = 22.7) years, with (n = 52) and without (n = 54) physical disabilities, reported up to three strategies to facilitate their participation in four settings using the Youth, Young-Adult Participation and Environment Measure. A total of 1,235 strategies were analyzed using inductive content analysis. As a result, 11 categories emerged; seven were environment-focused and four were person-focused. Both groups used time management, built on intrinsic factors, and utilized social support across all settings. At school, those with disabilities uniquely benefited from accommodative institutional environments. They also reported more strategies involving advocacy, analyzing a situation, and seeking accommodative physical and social environments. The findings illustrate a range of participation strategies YP use that may inform ways to promote participation more effectively.

Life Experiences of Young People Who Are Neither In Education or Employment: A Qualitative Research

Problem The fact that the young population, which represents the most active and productive segment of the country, is far from working life directly affects the future of the country. Purpose: To deeply examine the life experiences of young adults who are not included in education and working life, to reveal the difficulties they face and what needs to be done to participate in education and working life. Method: This study is a qualitative research and in-depth interviews were conducted with the participants and thematic content analysis was used in its analysis. 41 volunteer young adults determined by the snowball sampling method participated in the research. Findings: Our research findings revealed that the young adults who participated in the research could not continue their education, had a lack of experience, and felt bad and incomplete. Among the findings, it was highlighted that young adults attended vocational courses and looked for jobs in order to ensure their personal development. Conclusion It has been revealed that current programs aimed at the participation of young adults in education and working life should be improved and that the financial support that young people need in this process should be provided by state institutions. Originality/Value: This study makes an extremely important contribution to the literature in terms of making the life experiences of young people who are not included in education and working life visible. The results of this research have proven that programs for young people need to be developed. Keywords: Education, Employment, Unemployment, Young Adults

Young Adults' Daily Participation Scale: A measure of objective and subjective participation.

Participation in occupations is considered essential for individuals' health and wellbeing. Participation is a multidimensional construct that encompasses objective and subjective dimensions that transform over the course of life. Nonetheless, there is a lack of comprehensive measures that examine young adults' participation in age-appropriate activities. Therefore, we developed the Young Adults' Daily Participation Scale (YADAPS) and aimed to explore its psychometric properties. In Study 1, the content validity of the YADAPS was established based on nine experts. Its internal consistency, criterion, convergent, and construct validity were explored among 115 typical young adults (21-35 years). Using a different sample, Study 2 examined YADAPS discriminant validity among 33 young adults with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) and 52 typical peers. No consumer and community involvement was included in these studies. The relevance of YADAPS items was sufficient. Internal consistency was acceptable to excellent in most scales (.74 ≤α≤ .89). Criterion validity was supported by correlations between the subjective participation scales and a wellbeing measure. Convergent validity was found for all scales. No gender effect was observed (p≥ .05). However, significant differences (p≤ .05) were found between individuals with and without DCD. The YADAPS appears to be a promising measure of objective and subjective dimensions of participation in young adults. The results support the importance of examining various participation dimensions, including occupational experience. Thus, it may be used for clinical purposes among young adults as well as for occupational science research, to broaden our understanding on the interplay between participation dimensions in various life situations in young adulthood. However, further research is needed on psychometric properties, the most suited scoring method, and to consolidate their robustness among diverse populations of young adults. Participation, or how one engages in daily life activities, greatly affects wellbeing. The activities in one's routine change over the lifespan, in accordance with one's developmental phase. Existing assessments of participation have limitations, like not considering young adults' concerns or only focussing on certain aspects of participation. By focussing on both the objective-observable and subjective-experiential aspects of participation, the Young Adults' Daily Participation Scale (YADAPS) strives to be a comprehensive assessment tool designed specifically for reflecting activities relevant in young adulthood. This manuscript provides preliminary validity and reliability for the YADAPS, a new questionnaire that assesses objective and subjective aspects of participation in activities relevant for individuals in young adulthood. Furthermore, the questionnaire is able to distinguish between young adults with and without participation difficulties; therefore, it is suitable for research and clinical use.

Antiochian Orthodox Liturgy and Formation of Young Adults: Union with the Lord

This practical theological study considers what the participation of young adults in the Antiochian Orthodox liturgy in Lebanon means for their formation. We distinguish four formational categories: (1) formation through liturgical rituals, (2) formation through education and coaching, (3) formation through the energies of God in the dimensions of beauty, peace, and protection, and (4) formation into liturgical lives. The first two categories demonstrate the mutuality of participation and formation. In the third category, the mystical tradition yields an affect, expressed by words such as beauty, peace, and protection. This affect points to the energies of God in which the young people long to participate. This received love of God in liturgy is shared (in a diaconal way) in daily life. However, this liturgical experience remains incomprehensible for those not properly initiated through the channels of youth movements or clubs.

Community Participation in Autistic Young Adults: A Mixed-Method Study

Abstract Date Presented 03/23/24 This study used a mixed-method approach to explore autistic young adults’ community participation (CP) in depth. Findings highlight the strengths of using multiple assessment methods in OT research and practice to holistically understand CP. Primary Author and Speaker: Yeook Kim Contributing Authors: Gael Orsmond

Beneficial Effects of Exercise on Hypertension-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy in Adolescents and Young Adults.

Hypertension-induced cardiac hypertrophy is widely known as a major risk factor for increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Although exercise is proven to exert overall beneficial effects on hypertension and hypertension-induced cardiac hypertrophy, there are some concerns among providers about potential adverse effects induced by intense exercise, especially in hypertensive athletes. We will overview the underlying mechanisms of physiological and pathological hypertrophy and delineate the beneficial effects of exercise in young people with hypertension and consequent hypertrophy. Multiple studies have demonstrated that exercise training, both endurance and resistance types, reduces blood pressure and ameliorates hypertrophy in hypertensives, but certain precautions are required for hypertensive athletes when allowing competitive sports: Elevated blood pressure should be controlled before allowing them to participate in high-intensity exercise. Non-vigorous and recreational exercise are always recommended to promote cardiovascular health. Exercise-induced cardiac adaptation is a benign and favorable response that reverses or attenuates pathological cardiovascular remodeling induced by persistent hypertension. Exercise is the most effective nonpharmacological treatment for hypertensive individuals. Distinction between recreational-level exercise and competitive sports should be recognized by medical providers when allowing sports participation for adolescents and young adults.

Internet Use and Social Participation of Young Adults: Evidence from Rights Safeguard Online in China

Internet Use and Social Participation of Young Adults: Evidence from Rights Safeguard Online in China

Impact of age on clinical trial availability for AYAs with cancer: A time-trend analysis.

1534 Background: Low participation of adolescents and young adults (AYAs, age 15-39 yrs at diagnosis) in cancer clinical trials (CCT) limits their access to novel therapies and hinders the ability to study disease biology and age-specific toxicities. Patient age may be an important barrier as younger and older AYAs may be excluded depending on the trial’s focus. In 2017, the American Society of Clinical Oncology and Friends of Cancer Research issued a joint statement encouraging removal of age as a CCT eligibility criterion unless there is specific biological rationale. To evaluate the impact of this statement, we undertook this analysis of CCT availability for AYAs. Our primary objective was to compare the number of CCT available for AYAs, overall and by tumor types, from 2019-2023 vs previously published data from 2007-2018. The availability of early phase trials and study sponsor was also assessed. Methods: We identified CCT registered on ClinicalTrials.gov from January 2019 to July 2023 enrolling patients with 10 malignancies relevant for AYAs (Hodgkin lymphoma, anaplastic large cell lymphoma, melanoma, extracranial germ cell tumors [GCT], medulloblastoma, thyroid cancer, Ewing sarcoma, osteosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma [RMS], and synovial sarcoma). Trials were categorized as adult (≥18 yrs), transitional (patients < or ≥18 yrs), or pediatric (<18 yrs). Transitional trials with an age range 12-18 to <40 yrs were defined as AYA specific trials. Early phase included phase 1 and 1/2 trials; late phase included phase 2/3 and 3 trials. Trial availability from 2007-2018 was identified from a prior analysis by deRojas et al in 2019 (PMID:32337483). The proportion of trials in each category was compared between 2007-2018 and 2019-2023 using z-tests. Results: There were 1071 eligible trials registered on Clinicaltrials.gov: 840 (78%) adult, 226 (21%) transitional, and 5 (0.5%) pediatric. Four trials were AYA-specific. Compared to the prior 10 years, the proportion of transitional trials did not change overall (19% vs 21%, p=0.24) or within any disease. Whereas the proportion of trials available at age 17 has not significantly changed overall (20% vs 21%; p=0.48) or within any disease, the proportion of trials available at age 18 significantly increased (95% vs 98%; p<0.001) in aggregate and specifically for Ewing sarcoma (93% vs 100%; p=0.003), GCT (96% vs 99%; p=0.002), medulloblastoma (86% vs 98%; p=0.006), RMS (87% vs 98%; p=0.007) and thyroid cancer (92% vs 98%; p=0.01). Time trends for transitional trials by phase and sponsor are summarized (Table). Conclusions: Availability of transitional trials for AYAs has not increased, particularly for those <18 yrs. The 18-yr-old age limit continues to be an obstacle in CCT availability and enrollment. [Table: see text]

Penatalaksanaan Terapi Latihan Pada Kasus Post Operasi ACL Sinistra Minggu Ke 2

The ACL is the most frequently injured knee ligament, accounting for almost half of all knee injuries. from approximately 33 cases in 100,000 in 1994 to between 40 and 60 incidents in 100,000 in 2014. This number is expected to continue to increase as a result of increased participation of adolescents and young adults in athletic activities. The aim of providing interventions is to reduce pain, increase strength muscle, increase muscle strength and to increase the functional activity of the patient and the patient can continue to the next phase of training. In previous studies, physical therapy has been shown to be very important for surgical recovery to regain strength and range of motion. The results obtained were a decrease in pain which was related to an increase in muscle strength, a decrease in pain and an increase in muscle strength influenced the increase in ROM in the knee, which could increase the functional activity of the injured leg.

Participation of Children and Young Adults with Disabilities in Physical Activity during Leisure Time: A Systematic Review

Participation of Children and Young Adults with Disabilities in Physical Activity during Leisure Time: A Systematic Review

Financial Literacy, Financial Technology Literacy, and Capital Market Participation

Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of financial literacy and fintech literacy on capital market participation. It also examines the effects of individual characteristics (i.e., gender, age, student's allowances and income, parent's education, and parent's income) on financial and fintech literacy. Design/Methods/Approach: This study obtained 349 data from email and field surveys using purposive sampling. Data analysis was performed using OLS and path analysis. Findings: Results show that the level of student financial literacy is sufficiently literate, with a moderate level of fintech literacy but low capital market participation. The results also show financial and fintech literacy positively affects capital market participation. Financial literacy also exhibits indirect effects on capital market participation. Analysis of the determinants of literacy shows that gender, age, student allowances, and income have a significant positive effect on financial literacy and fintech literacy. We also find that parental education and income show a negative effect on fintech literacy. Originality/Value: This study is the first to examine the relationship between financial literacy, fintech literacy, and capital market participation in young adults in metropolitan cities in Indonesia. The results are expected to provide insight for the authorities of the monetary system and the capital market to develop strategies for the more intense involvement of young adults in the capital market. Practical/Policy implication: This study highlights the importance of educating students about financial and fintech literacy to increase their participation in the capital market. Decision-makers should focus on providing intense education on portfolio investment, risk and return, and investment instruments. Financial authorities should also collaborate with fintech operators and securities companies to promote capital market products through fintech and educate the public with more comprehensive information.

Consumer Behaviour in a Circular System – How Values Promote and Hinder the Participation of Young Adults in the Swedish Deposit-Refund System for Beverage Packaging

This study contributes to the understanding of how values promote and hinder circular consumer behaviour by examining and learning from the Swedish deposit-refund system for beverage cans and PET bottles. We have used the consumption value theory in our analysis, building on the concepts of circular economy, sustainable consumption and recycling. Data was collected from focus group interviews with young adults in order to identify and explore the ways that values promote and hinder participation. Functional values were found to be at the core of sustainable consumption as a result of financial incentives and the fact that consumers value convenience. The study also highlights the importance that young adults place on emotional values, in particular embarrassment, which hinders them from recycling. When it comes to sustainable consumption, young adults are driven by selfish behaviour, prioritising personal comfort. Social settings were also found to promote and hinder participation in the deposit-refund system. The study finds that an understanding of the reasons why different social groups and age groups approve or disapprove of participation in circular solutions may help design solutions to increase participation in circular solutions and circular economies. The results show that it is important to study the combinations of value dimensions to understand consumer behaviour in a circular system fully.

Is the Y-PEM useful for me? Perspectives of youth with visual impairment

Purpose To explore how youth with visual impairments perceive the usefulness of the Y-PEM (Youth and Young-adult Participation and Environment Measure) in capturing their participation and how information generated contributes to their understanding of participation experiences. Materials and methods A qualitative descriptive design was employed among 11 youth with visual impairment (3 females, 8 males) aged 17–24 (x¯ = 21, SD = 2.6) involving two remote sessions one week apart. First, the Y-PEM and QQ-10 questionnaire were administered to evaluate Y-PEM’s utility (value and burden), analyzed descriptively. Then, youth reflected on their Y-PEM results via an individual semi-structured Stimulated Recall Interview (SRI), analyzed thematically. Results A mean value-score of 77% (SD = 10.4) and burden-score of 19% (SD = 5.6) on the QQ-10 indicated the Y-PEM was perceived as valuable with relatively low burden. Three themes emerged from the interviews. Insights on participation revealed increased awareness of participation patterns and environmental factors. This led to a reflection on personal attributes about levels of comfort and familiarity, efforts required to participate, and personal preferences influencing participation experiences. Finally, approaches to participation elucidated strategies used in decision-making processes about pursuing participation. Conclusion Findings suggest the Y-PEM is useful in capturing and promoting reflection of youth’s participation patterns and environmental supports/barriers.

Short report: Initial pilot of a brief career development program for autistic young adults

BackgroundMany autistic young adults may struggle to progress to further education or employment after high school, highlighting the need for tailored career development programs. If provided with the proper resources and support, the obstacles faced by autistic youth in pursuing post-secondary activities may decrease. AimsThis pilot study aimed to examine the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a brief career development program consisting of a strengths and challenges intervention paired with a 12-week workshop intervention. Methods and proceduresWe studied the participants' changes in confidence and participation in pursuing post-secondary activities using a series of questionnaires in 20 participants, ages 16–23. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) and Strong Interest Inventory (SII) helped the participants choose a post-secondary path. The 1–9 Vocational Index Scale measured post-secondary participation and hours working in a normed fashion. The Confidence Index Interval: Entering Workforce measured the participants’ perceived confidence related to career transition. Outcomes and resultsOur results suggested that a brief career development program paired with a strengths and challenges intervention significantly increased post-secondary involvement in autistic young adults (N = 20, p = 0.014). There were no significant changes in confidence. Conclusions and implicationsThese findings provide proof of concept of a brief career development program using the MBTI and SII in young adults with ASD. What this paper addsResearch in career development and transition for autistic young adults reveals that career interventions specific to the autistic population are lacking. Our pilot study explores a new type of intervention that incorporates the analysis of personal strengths and challenges with a 12-week transition workshop. Our project is the first to utilize the MBTI and SII as a tool to guide autistic youth in choosing a post-secondary path. The results of our study suggest that our program significantly improves post-secondary participation in autistic young adults. The findings provide proof of concept of using the MTBI and SII with a 12-week workshop for autistic young adults. At the end of our program, several participants began pursuing post-secondary education on track to obtain associate’s (N = 8) or bachelor’s (N = 3) degrees. Some began trade school (N = 3) and internships (N = 2), and others began employment or onboarding to employment (N = 4). Given the need for more evidence-based career interventions for autistic adults, our pilot study contributes significantly to autism research to better serve the autistic population.

The roles and experiences of adolescents with cystic fibrosis and their parents during transition: A qualitative interview study

PurposeInadequate participation of Adolescents and Young Adults (AYAs) and parents are well-established barriers of transition. Shifts in roles are mandatory with increasing responsibilities for AYAs and decreasing involvement of parents in care. This study explores the shifts in roles of AYAs and their parents and its association with the subjective experience of transition. MethodsWe conducted in-depth semi-structured interviews with AYAs living with Cystic Fibrosis and parents. Participants were recruited through patient organizations via convenience sampling and questioned on which roles they assumed during transition. Three authors performed an interpretative phenomenological analysis, establishing separate code trees for AYAs and parents. Data saturation was achieved. Results18 AYAs (age 21y±2.9) and 14 parents (age 50y±2.0) were included. We identified five common themes: (1) the reciprocal reliance between AYAs and parents, (2) the policies of physicians and hospitals, (3) the AYAs’ changing appeal and need for support, (4) the identification of parents as co-patients, and (5) the enforced changes in the roles of parents. AYAs primarily addressed roles related to self-management, while parents discussed family functioning. ConclusionsThis study identified motives underlying the assumption of roles by AYAs and parents. Both AYAs and parents addressed similar themes, highlighting their mutual challenges and needs. In contrast to AYAs, parents’ desired roles were undefined and a latent sense of responsibility was identified as an important motive. Healthcare providers should acknowledge parents’ challenging position and communicate transparently about changing roles. Additionally, healthcare providers should recognize that imposing restrictive roles may result in parental resistance, but can also foster AYAs’ skill development. Future research should examine the short- and long-term impact of role-management interventions in AYAs and their parents.

Utility of the workplace participation domain of the Youth and Young-adult Participation and Environment Measure (Y-PEM): Stakeholder’s perspectives

BACKGROUND: Assessing workplace participation of people with disability using measures that can inform practice is vital. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the utility of the Youth and young-adult Participation and Environment Measure’s (Y-PEM) Workplace Participation domain. METHOD: Four focus groups were conducted with 11 stakeholders from different employment-related settings. Open-ended questions regarding Y-PEM’s interpretation, meaning and relevance, drawing on elements of clinical utility, were used. Data were analyzed by two investigators using inductive thematic analysis. RESULTS: Stakeholders’ experience in providing/receiving employment services varied (1– 16 years). Three themes emerged. The Y-PEM captures multiple factors in employment transition; it generates insights and sparks conversations to better appreciate and support individuals’ transitioning to employment. Y-PEM meets the need for tools to guide services of transitioning to employment as it is comprehensive in assessing participation and the environment, can provide a “snapshot” of where the young person is at in their transition, and serves different purposes. The tool provides a “piece of the pie” within this complex process and could be used in conjunction with other tools. CONCLUSION: Y-PEM was perceived as essential, comprehensive, and appropriate for use in clinical and employment-related service contexts to inform practice, and guide stakeholders’ decision-making in facilitating transitioning to employment.

“It feels as though I need to exert more effort than others”: the experience of daily participation of young adults with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) – a qualitative study

Purpose Participation difficulties among adults with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) have been documented. However, little attention has been given to the subjective aspects of participation, also called occupational experience, including feeling during engagement in activities and their meaning. This study aimed to explore the occupational experience of young adults with DCD. Materials and methods Informed by the phenomenological approach, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 10 young adults with DCD. Findings Three themes emerged: (1) Complexity of occupational experience; describes the motives for participation, with variations in experience across activities and individuals. Participants engage in activities that provide them with pleasure and fulfillment, while other activities require constant effort and cause stress and shame; (2) The role of internal factors; illustrates the influence of poor motor and organizational/planning skills, self-acceptance; and utilizing strategies on the participants’ occupational experience; and (3) The role of the social environment; reveals the participants’ dual perception of their environment – as a source of criticism as well as a source of support. Conclusions Individuals with DCD may benefit from intervention during young adulthood to enhance their well-being. The interventions should target their subjective occupational experiences in addition to their objective performance difficulties, by enhancing their psycho-social resources.

Effect evaluation of a vocational rehabilitation program for young adults with chronic physical conditions at risk for unemployment: A controlled clinical trial

Background The work participation of young adults with chronic physical conditions lag behind compared to healthy age-mates. ‘At Work’ is a vocational rehabilitation intervention provided by occupational therapists, that supports them for entering the competitive labour market after graduating post-secondary education. Aim To evaluate the effects of ‘At Work’ on self-efficacy, work-ability and employment status as compared to usual care. Materials and methods In total, 88 young adults were included in a multicentre controlled trial; 49 entered ‘At Work’, 39 received usual care. GEE-analyses were applied. Results Scores on all outcome measures substantially improved over time in the intervention group, but no significant effects were found as compared to the control group. The effect on general self-efficacy showed a positive trend in favour of the intervention group. Conclusions and significance Unlike previous study results pointing to positive outcomes of At Work’, the current study did not support the effectiveness of this program on work-related self-efficacy, work-ability and paid employment, as compared to usual care. Yet, we did find an indication for positive intervention effect on general self-efficacy, which is known to be an important capacity to achieve social participation.

Inequalities in associations between young adult caregiving and social relationships: Evidence from the UK Household Longitudinal Study.

Young adult caregivers (aged 16-29 years) are an important but underrecognizedgroup of informal caregivers. There is some evidence suggesting that young adult caregivers have fewer social relationships. However, this research has been largely cross-sectional in design or restricted to caregivers, providing no comparison with noncaregivers. Further, there is little evidence on whether and to what extent there are inequalities in associations between young adult caregiving and social relationships by gender, age, caregiving intensity, or household income. Using five waves of data on 3-4000 young adults aged 16-29 from the UK Household Longitudinal Study, we investigated associations between becoming a young adult caregiver and subsequent social relationships (number of close friends and participation in organized social activities) in the short-term (1-2 years after caregiving initiation) and longer-term (4-5 years later). We also assessed differences by gender, age, household income, and caregiving intensity. Overall, those who became young adult caregivers, and particularly those providing 5+ h/week, reported fewer friends in the short- but not longer-term. No associations were observed between young adult caregiving and participation in organized social activities. Also, there was no evidence of differences by gender, age, income, or caregiving hours. Becoming a young adult caregiver is associated with a reduction in number of close friends, particularly in the short-term. Given the importance of practical and emotional support provided by friends, the early identification of young adult caregivers and greater population awareness of caring in young adulthood may help to mitigate the effects on social relationships.