Participation In Environmental Protection Research Articles

Women Participation in Environmental Protection and Management: Lessons from Plateau State, Nigeria

This study provides a general review and a case study of women’s involvement in environmental management in Plateau state. Primary data were generated from Questionnaire survey of women from six local government areas. Majority of the women (79.2%) are involved in farming and contributed significantly to land/soil conservation. (78.4%) of them have planted tree or flowers in the last five years while (79.2%) indicated clearing their surroundings daily in terms of sweeping, clearing drainages and refuse disposal. Problems faced by the women include lack of waste disposal equipment, poor drainage systems and lack of awareness among the general public. Appropriate recommendations were proffered to enhance women involvement in environmental protection and management.

Determining the age of young birch (Betula pendula Roth) trees growing on former agricultural

Abstract In Poland, according to the law (amendment of the act of 21st May 2010) – on the provision of information on the environment and its protection, public participation in environmental protection and environmental impact assessments etc. (Official Law Journal article 08.199.1227, as amended) – the owner can cut down trees without permission, if they do not exceed the age of 10 years old. However, if an owner happens to cuts down a tree on his property without knowing the age of the tree, he is liable to prosecution under this act. The aim of this study is to verify whether there is a possibility to calculate the actual age of silver birch trees growing on farmer agricultural lands using features that enable age of standing trees to be identified. Using these criteria, owners would be able to calculate the age of trees on their own. The research used 183 sample trees located on three research plots. For each tree, the dbh, height and prepared samples of wood from the trees base were used to give the age of the tree. The relationship between age and dbh, as well as between the age and the height was examined. The strength of correlation was compared and the strongest was used in the proposed model. Using these correlations two types of charts were constructed to estimate the age of young birches on the basis of dbh and height.

The Public Participation in Environmental Protection and the Sustainable Development

There is more and more environmental crisis in our beautiful earth and in our country. According to history, human can draw a correct conclusion and selection that is choosing sustainable development way to improve the harmony between human and natural world. This dissertation finds that the public to participate in Environmental Protection to solve the environment problem is capital. The author try to build a model of investment to environmental protect and carry on imitation calculation on the practical case. The model is proved to be feasible.

Study on Public Awareness and Participation in Environmental Protection in China

The awareness for public participation and environmental protection in China are weak, their activities to participate are in lower class which shows short of more people, reasonable mechanism and efficient result. This paper is based on the characteristics from public participation in environmental protection to describe the current conditions in China. Then it analyzes the phenomenon, points out being problems and puts forward some solving methods.

An appraisal of the legal frameworks for the control of environmental pollution in Nigeria

This article examines Nigeria’s pollution abatement laws. It highlights some of the problems of these laws, as well as other factors hindering the control of environmental pollution in Nigeria. The article suggests a comprehensive review of most pollution abatement laws with a view to entrenching adequate penal sanctions and enhancing the powers of regulatory institutions and also increasing public participation in environmental protection.

Getting their voices heard: Three cases of public participation in environmental protection in China

By comparing three cases of environmental activism in China, our paper answers the following three questions about public participation in environment protection in China: (1) what are the drivers for public participation, (2) who are the agents leading the participation, and (3) do existing laws facilitate public participation? We find heightened public awareness of environmental degradation and increasing anxieties over health and property values drive people to fight for more political space to influence decisions that have an impact on the environment. Despite the promises one finds in the letter of Chinese laws, Chinese society lacks a meaningful institutional framework to allow public participation, even in the area of environmental protection. The Chinese government mainly passively responds to public demands on an ad hoc basis, with no institutional commitment for engaging the public on environmental issues. This is unfortunate, because public policies without adequate public input are doomed to be clouded by illegitimacy.

Made in China: Cancer Villages

High incidences of cancer have been reported for villages almost all over China and become an inescapable reality in polluted rural areas [16]. A new phenomenon has appeared in China: Aizheng Cun, ...

Planning for sustainable tourism in southern Pulau Banggi: An assessment of biophysical conditions and their implications for future tourism development

A priori assessments of a site's biophysical and socio-economic capacity for accommodating tourism are less common than tourism impact studies. A priori evaluations can provide a contextual understanding of ecological, economic and socio-cultural forces, which shape the prospects for sustainable tourism development at the host destination, and can avert adverse impacts of tourism. We conduct an a priori assessment of the biophysical environment of Pulau Banggi, in the Malaysian state of Sabah for sustainable tourism development. We characterise baseline conditions of the island's marine biodiversity, seasonality, and infrastructure. We then evaluate how existing biophysical conditions will influence options for sustainable tourism development. In particular, we suggest conditions, if there are any, which constitute a limit to future tourism development in terms of compatibility for recreation and resilience to visitor impacts. We find that the biggest constraint is the lack of adequate water and sanitation infrastructure. Blast fishing, although occurring less than once per hour, can potentially destroy the major attraction for tourists. We conclude that while Pulau Banggi possesses natural qualities that are attractive for ecotourism, financial and institutional support must be made available to provide facilities and services that will enable local participation in environmental protection and enhance prospects for future sustainable tourism.

Greening of the Chinese mind: Environmentalism with Chinese characteristics

Due to its enormous population, spectacular economic growth, and severe environmental degradation, China's environmental impact on the country and the world is difficult to assess. Knowledge of the environmental awareness and the growth of the environmental movement in China are critical to the understanding of the country's environmental future. Firstly, this paper examines the environmental awareness of Chinese people based upon two major surveys conducted in 1998. The findings contributed to our understanding of the environmental awareness of people in the following aspects: environmental literacy, prioritization of environmental problems, environmental governance, environmental ethics, and participation in environmental protection campaigns. Secondly, the paper scrutinizes the emergence of green NGOs in China in the 1990s. Chinese green NGOs possessed particular “Chinese characteristics” which distinguished them from those in the West. To date, the Chinese government is willing to allow more political space for citizen participation in environmental protection. Increasingly, green NGOs gained support not only from international communities but also from Chinese citizens who value a clean environment. Finally, the paper argues that the emergence of green NGOs offers a breakthrough in the conventional “government-reliance” attitude towards environmental protection. If these eco-activists can target non-sensitive issues, they may make profound contributions in enhancing environmental policy implementation.

Care for monuments in Central Europe regarding the revitalisation of the countryside

The cultural landscape and rural areas are considered to be a key component of the European cultural heritage. The European Landscape Convention, which the Czech Republic signed in the autumn of 2002, was also formulated in this sense. Consequently, the reform of care of monuments cannot be left entirely to official workers, but is becoming an important subject from the standpoint of maintenance of the functional and demographic stability of rural areas. It is necessary to point out that the care for monuments in Central Europe is at a crucial point, that could be described as a crisis. The reasons are as follows. 1) Time extension of care for monuments as well as the spatial extension of care for monuments. 2) Care for monuments has somewhat neglected to explain and defend its significance – consequently, a great many private owners of cultural monuments are not fully aware of the ideas, on the basis of which limitations are placed on their rights to manage their property, for the good of the cultural heritage. 3) Aesthetic conclusions are increasingly important in deciding what is and what is not a cultural monument. However, this can readily be influenced by the influx of very attractive, but worthless “popular“ architecture, currently being introduced by a great many development companies. 4) Care for monuments represents the execution of a particular activity rather than a fixed formulated intellectual system of canons. 5) Even under the best economic conditions, the state as such does not have the means to provide appropriate care for the cultural heritage in state ownership (including state land in the poorer areas) and is certainly not capable of creating a motivation system within its framework for searching for new ways of using this property without abusing it. 6) In general, it can be stated that condition of democratisation within the care for monuments certainly does not attain the level of participation in environmental protection. 7) Care for monuments, especially in Central Europe, tends to continue to emphasise simple conservation of monuments and is minimally concerned with reanimation of the monument fund. This is why the care for the cultural heritage must again formulate its purpose, especially in relation to the decrease in the importance of national states, globalisation and, simultaneously, regionalisation of the world.

Community Participation in Environmental Protection

I. INTRODUCTION Much has been written in recent years concerning the erosion of citizens' rights to file suits alleging environmental harm against industry. An article in Bergen, New Jersey's Record newspaper typifies these writings: You don't need a chainsaw to damage the environment. A gavel and a black robe can be far more effective. (1) Of course, commentary such as this tends to shed more heat than light on the subject by condemning integral decision-makers and shifting focus away from substantive issues. The purpose of this article, however, is to approach the issue in a manner that illuminates the role of citizen participation in environmental protection rather than descending into argument. Analyzed herein are the two primary vehicles which citizens have successfully used to seek redress for environmental harm: (1) citizen suits under the major environmental bodies of law; and (2) civil rights Title VI actions for environmental justice. Finally, the Collaborative Compact Model is proposed and analyzed. This model provides a progressive to citizen suit litigation by promoting a partnership between a community and an industry that can effectively address and rectify a community's environmental concerns. II. ORIGINS OF CITIZEN SUIT PROVISIONS One of the basic features of our nation's environmental protection system is the right of citizens to sue in federal court to force industry to comply with environmental standards. Congress included citizen suit provisions in major environmental laws, such as the Clean Water Act2 (CWA) and the Clean Air Act, (3) to enable citizens to act as private attorneys general and to supplement the government's limited resources. (4) These provisions ensure the rigorous of environmental laws when states do not or will not address serious pollution problems in good faith. Citizen suits have been a narrow, but very important, statutory remedy. It is important to note that these provisions authorize citizens to complement government action, not to compete with or replace it. For example, section 505 of the CWA authorizes any citizen to commence a civil action against a person or entity alleged to be in of an effluent standard or limitation. (5) The citizen-plaintiff must provide notice of the violation to the Administrator of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, to the agency of the state where the violation occurs, and to the violator at least sixty days before he may file suit. (6) The 60-day notice requirement allows for the industry to come into compliance and provides the government with an opportunity to act in lieu of the citizen-plaintiff to avoid multiple lawsuits. As indicated in the Senate Report on the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972 (7) (FWPCA), [t]he Committee intends the great volume of actions to be brought by the and that citizen suits are proper only if the Federal, State, and local agencies fail to exercise their responsibility. (8) Further, citizen suits are to ignite agency enforcement and to act as an alternative mechanism absent agency enforcement. (9) Thus, a citizen suit is not authorized unless the state has failed or declined to take action or has not prosecuted a claim after receipt of the 60-day notice. (10) Congress' aversion to the duplicative actions that can result from simultaneous or subsequent citizen suits is also illustrated by the diligent prosecution provision of the CWA. (11) This provision mandates that no citizen suit may be undertaken if the Administrator or State has commenced and is diligently prosecuting a civil or criminal action in a court of the United States, or a State to require compliance with the standard, limitation, or order. The meaning of these provisions could not be clearer - citizen suits are barred when the state has commenced and is diligently prosecuting a civil action in court to require compliance. …

Women in Politics, Protecting the Environment in Northeast Asia

Women are under-represented in politics in Northeast Asian countries. Yet, in the environmental realm, women have assumed prominent political, bureaucratic, and NGO positions. This article examines some of the forms that women's participation in environmental protection has taken in Japan, Korea, and China and attempts to assesses the reasons why women are engaging more actively with environmental issues than they are with many other policy areas.

Negotiation Between Authority and Polluters - Model for Support of Decision-Making in Environmental Policy: Principles and Experimental Case Test

A new trend in environmental policy has emerged in the 1990’s. This trend is the voluntary participation of business in environmental protection and problem-solving. So-called environmental management system principles and standards are being developed and certified in many countries. A reasonable number of corporations have already introduced this system. Voluntary agreements between industry and authorities have occurred and have achieved benefits that are significant to both parties. This paper contributes to the development of theories that could promote further progress in the field of business participation in environmental protection. It describes a relatively new approach to pollution reduction problem-solving that relies on negotiation between polluters and authorities in which traditional economic tools of environmental policies are used. The results of a negotiation experimental game are presented to illustrate the efficacy of this approach and the practical applications of this method are discussed.

The treatment of ecological issues in ELT coursebooks

This article reports a study examining the presence of environmental issues in ELT coursebooks published since 1990. Seventeen randomly-selected coursebooks were analysed in order to find the percentage of activities related to environmental issues. Such activities were then examined to establish whether they involved participation in environmental protection. The results are discussed in the light of teaching methodology and United Nations environmental education objectives.

Editorial

The focus on gender and the environment highlighted important features of articles included in this issue. The general concern was that women are not considered in the thinking about economic development and environmental issues. The Joan Davison article noted the close relationship of women to their surroundings and degradation, which was affected by debt and structural adjustment, trade, aid, war, and the social structure. Women's access to land and their marginal role in society, law, and economic life needs to be addressed by the environmentally aware. The Judy Adoko article reported on the outrageous criticism by development workers in Uganda of women using wood for fuel, when little attention is focused on the commercialization of firewood. The important communication was that women are limited in their choices and make the most of what they have out of necessity, and not out of a short-term solution compromising their children's future. Environmental stability can be achieved in part through removal of the causes of women's poverty. Women's time and energy are tightly constrained; Irene Guijt's views reflected the concern about assumptions that women's participation in environmental protection can be secured without direct benefit to them. The problem of women's health was considered by Joanne Harnmeijer and Ann Waters-Bayer, who focused on increased agricultural productivity projects which have not taken into account the increased burden of work in time or effort or in terms of the impact of children, both as producers and as a demand on time, energy, and health. Population control has been justified because of its impact on consumption of natural resources in developing countries, without due consideration of developed countries consumption patterns. Hazards in the environment and work place have increased with increasing international trade and industrialization. Industry attracting women workers has been established without concern for sanitation, disease, pollution, or social services. Women plantation workers have often been given the most hazardous jobs with agrochemicals. Rasheda Begum detailed the impact of natural disasters on women. Environmental solutions must be tailored to specific conditions, rather than at the expense of global unification and self-evident assumptions. Acceptability and sustainability for women must be a feature of environmental protection.

Foreign participation in environmental protection in Eastern Europe: The case of Poland

The countries of Eastern Europe suffer from the environmental pollution which is also a source of ecological hazards of international dimension. The amount of financial means that this group of countries can earmark for environmental protection is limited. Therefore, Eastern Europe is ready to accept the foreign ecological assistance offered her after the political changes in this region had started. The case of Poland is useful for an analysis of foreign participation in environmental protection in Eastern Europe because of this country's share of Europe's environmental damage and since Poland was the first country in this region to initiate political changes.

Citizens for Clean Waterways : A Case Study of Citizen Participation in Environmental Protection

Citizens for Clean Waterways : A Case Study of Citizen Participation in Environmental Protection

Marine pollution control in Europe: Regional approaches, 1972–80

This article evaluates the effectiveness of four regional pollution agreements concluded during the 1970s: The Bonn Agreement, the Oslo Convention, the Paris Convention and the Helsinki Convention. The treaties are described and their implementation to 1980 outlined. The issue of EEC participation in environmental protection in Europe is analysed and problems of overlap with the treaties under discussion are pointed out. A major conclusion of the article is the need for more implementation research to properly assess the effectiveness of such regional agreements.