Participation In Education Research Articles

Links between Duration of Early Childhood Education Participation and School Readiness Domains: A Study with Malaysian Public Preschool Children

Links between Duration of Early Childhood Education Participation and School Readiness Domains: A Study with Malaysian Public Preschool Children

Longitudinal analysis of social and community factors effective in increasing the number of liver donors in the United States.

In this research, it was aimed to evaluate of social and community factors effective in increasing the number of liver donors. Descriptive and relational scanning models were used to conduct the research. Data on liver donors was gathered from the USA Health Resources & Services Administration's Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network between 1988 and 2023. The United States (USA) World Bank Country Reports provided the mortality rates. The data was analyzed using Spearman rho correlation, year-controlled partial correlation, and Generalized Linear Model-Logit analysis. Deceased donor numbers were significantly and negatively correlated with government health expenditure (r = -0.816; P < .01), current health expenditure (r = -0.768; P < .01), female education attainment (r = -0.804; P < .01) and Gini index (r = 0.434; P < .05). Living donor numbers were significantly and negatively correlated with government health expenditure (r = -0.731; P < .01), current health expenditure (r = -0.781; P < .01), male percentage (r = -0.786; P < .01), female education attainment (r = -0.640; P < .05), employment (r = 0.751; P < .01), GDP (r = -0.792; P < .01) and Gini index (r = -0.486; P < .01). Living donor numbers were significantly and positively correlated with age dependency (r = 0.815; P < .01). Generalized Linear Model-Logit (GLM-L) results showed that effect of female education attainment had significant contribution on deceased liver donor (B = -3290.605; P < .01). Effects of significantly correlated community factors on living liver donor numbers were found to be statistically insignificant (P > .05). Research findings reveal that among community factors, especially women's participation in education has a statistically significant effect on liver donors. These results show that the health expenditures made over the years do not provide any added value for liver donors, and role of women on liver donor is significantly dominant.

Equitable Access for Persons with Disabilities: Assessing the Effectiveness of Assistive Device Service Provision in San Mateo, Rizal

The Philippines is home to over 1.5 million Persons with Disabilities, with an estimated 0.33% or 5,157 of the population living in San Mateo, Rizal. The country recognizes ten (10) types of disabilities, but availability of assistive devices is only specific to the needs of three (3) types: deaf or hard of hearing, visual, and physical (orthopedic). Despite efforts to break barriers through assistive devices for a livable and sustainable living condition for Persons with Disabilities, access to equal opportunities in education, employment, health services, and meaningful participation in mainstream society remains a prominent limitation, rather than the disability itself. The study aims to assess the effectiveness of the Assistive Device Service Provision (ADSP) program for Persons with Disabilities, an umbrella program under the social welfare services of the Local Government of San Mateo, Rizal. The assessment is grounded in the principles of New Public Administration, focusing on the program’s relevance, value orientation, social equity and ability to drive change in protecting, promoting, and supporting the rights and well-being of all Persons with Disabilities. A mixed-methodology approach was employed to explore the relationship between Persons with Disabilities and the effective use of Assistive Devices, using surveys and open-ended data collection to quantify responses and deepen understanding. Findings showed that the ADSP is relevant, as it largely meets the needs of Persons with Disabilities in terms of access to mobility, though some devices could be better aligned by considering the specific requirements of each disability. While the ADSP is perceived by recipients as significant in demonstrating a strong value orientation, disparities in distribution—affected by socioeconomic status and type of disability—persist, indicating the need for more inclusive distribution strategies to ensure equitable access for all Persons with Disabilities. The program's ability to drive change varies among individuals, highlighting the need for continuous monitoring and support. The study focuses on assessing the effectiveness of a localized assistive device provision program based on its relevance, value orientation, social equity, and ability to drive change in promoting the rights and welfare of Persons with Disabilities (Union of Public Service Commission, 2024).

Diet quality from early pregnancy through 1-y postpartum: a prospective cohort study

BackgroundAlthough diet quality during pregnancy and postpartum is important for multiple parent and child outcomes, within-person changes in diet quality throughout these periods have not been extensively examined. ObjectivesThis study investigated diet quality from early pregnancy through 1 y postpartum and examined differences by sociodemographic characteristics in participants receiving obstetric care in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States. MethodsParticipants completed 24-h dietary recalls at 6 study visits (each pregnancy trimester and 6 wk, 6 mo, and 1 y postpartum) (n = 383). Between-visit mean Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI) scores (min = 0, max = 100) were compared using the population ratio (PR) method. The NCI usual intakes method estimated the distribution of HEI scores in pregnancy and postpartum; unpaired t-tests compared usual mean HEI scores by covariates; paired t-tests compared differences between mean pregnancy and postpartum. ResultsThe total HEI mean ± standard error scores (NCI method) were 61.4 ± 0.8 in pregnancy and 61.7 ± 0.9 in postpartum. Mean HEI scores differed by sociodemographic characteristics, particularly education, marital status, and federal assistance participation. The highest scores were observed in participants with at least a bachelor’s degree (64.1 ± 0.9 in pregnancy, 64.5 ± 1.0 in postpartum, n = 257) and those with other non-Hispanic White race/ethnicity (64.7 ± 1.8 in pregnancy, 66.4 ± 2.2 in postpartum). There were no between-visit differences in mean total HEI scores (PR). Although differences were observed in some mean HEI component scores between pregnancy and postpartum visits, they were small (mostly <1 point) in magnitude and in inconsistent directions. ConclusionsStable total HEI mean scores suggest that adherence to dietary guidelines was consistent throughout pregnancy and postpartum in this sample. Although some sociodemographic characteristics may identify individuals at greater risk of diet-related pregnancy complications, low diet quality was pervasive throughout all subgroups and reflects an urgent need for widespread improvement.

Adaptation of mental health first aid guidelines for eating disorders for Iran

BackgroundThis study aimed to adapt mental health first aid guidelines to support individuals with or at risk of developing eating disorders in Iran. This adaptation seeks to enhance the support available for the Iranian population dealing with these disorders.MethodsWe employed the Delphi expert consensus method, utilizing two panels: health professionals (n = 37 in the first round; n = 29 in the second) and individuals with lived experience (n = 20 in the first round; n = 18 in the second). The health professionals panel was selected from the graduates of various eating disorders associated scientific fields who had a history of providing services to or conducting research on people with eating disorders, and the lived experience panel had a history of eating disorders themselves or in their family. The panel of individuals with lived experience included those who had personal or familial histories of eating disorders. Efforts were made to ensure cultural, gender, and age diversity in the selection of panel members. Panellists rated the importance of each item for inclusion in the guidelines for Iran based on the English-language Mental Health First Aid guidelines for eating disorders. Items deemed essential by at least 80% of both panels were included in the final guideline. Additionally, panel members were invited to suggest any missing items.ResultsA total of 57 participants took part in the first round of the survey, and 47 participated in the second round. In the first round, 204 items across 11 categories were assessed, with 174 items endorsed by the panels. Thirteen items were re-scored in the second round, and 17 items were rejected. Participants suggested 11 new items in the first round. In the second round, 18 out of 24 items were endorsed, while six were rejected. Ultimately, 192 items were incorporated into the Iranian guidelines.ConclusionsThe adaptation process considered Iran's social and cultural characteristics, including the stigma associated with mental health disorders, religious beliefs and rituals such as fasting, linguistic differences between English and Farsi, distrust of strangers, the influence of friends and family, differences in food access, and low mental health literacy. We recommend piloting the adapted guidelines in high schools, universities, and non-governmental organizations to evaluate their feasibility and effectiveness in real-world settings. Furthermore, it is essential to establish mechanisms for feedback, update content based on the latest evidence, and collaborate with the media to promote educational programs and public participation.

The Role of Public Health in Promoting Healthy Lifestyles

This study investigates the essential part that public health plays in encouraging healthy lifestyles to reduce the growing burden of chronic diseases, mental health issues, and drug abuse. Public health initiatives seek to eliminate health inequities and promote overall well-being by promoting health education, disease prevention, and community-based interventions. The review discusses essential measures such as health promotion, epidemiological data use, and local government initiatives to promote healthy behaviours. The review concludes that public health aims to achieve long-term health benefits for all population segments through a multidimensional approach that includes education, policy lobbying, and community participation. Keywords: Public health, health promotion, disease prevention, chronic diseases, health disparities.

Drivers of adult educational engagement in Ecuadorian prisons: A gender perspective

This research paper reports an investigation on the determinants of educational engagement among the whole Ecuadorian prison population as collected in the penitentiary census conducted in 2022. By employing a probit regression model, the analysis reveals distinct patterns: while age and ethnicity significantly influence participation among male inmates, environmental factors like overcrowding play a pivotal role for female prisoners. Moreover, higher levels of formal education negatively correlate with educational engagement across both genders. These findings underscore the need for targeted policies that address both individual and environmental barriers to educational participation within Ecuadorian prisons. By understanding these dynamics, policymakers can develop effective interventions to improve prison conditions and enhance rehabilitation outcomes, contributing to broader societal goals of justice and sustainable development.

The Role and Issue of Educational Institution Participation in “Area Based Management in Public-Private-Academic Partnership”

The Role and Issue of Educational Institution Participation in “Area Based Management in Public-Private-Academic Partnership”

Trajectories of cognitive function development and predictive factors in disabled middle-aged and older adults.

To explore the trajectories of cognitive function development and predictive factors in disabled middle-aged and older adults. Utilizing data from 983 disabled middle-aged and older adults in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) from 2013 to 2020, latent growth mixture models were constructed to analyze the categories of cognitive function development trajectories and their predictive factors. The cognitive function trajectories of the disabled middle-aged and older adults were classified into three categories: rapid decline (32.6%), Slow decline (36.1%), and Stable (31.2%). Multinomial logistic regression analysis identified age, gender, residence, education, marital status, household income, sleep duration, depression, hearing ability, and social participation as predictors of these trajectories. There is heterogeneity in the cognitive function development trajectories among disabled middle-aged and older adults. Healthcare professionals can implement targeted health management based on the characteristics of different groups to prevent the deterioration of cognitive function in this population.

Unravelling the differences between observation and active participation in simulation-based education

Background In simulation-based education, the effectiveness of observation or active participation on the retention of knowledge and skills is uncertain. The aim of the study was to investigate knowledge retention, technical and non-technical skills and self-efficacy among observers and active participants in a simulated palliative extubation. Method We included medical and nursing undergraduates and residents. On the first day, participants were divided into observers and active participants, each with one participant from medical and nursing backgrounds. We presented a recorded lecture, followed by knowledge and self-efficacy tests for all participants before and after the simulation. After fourteen days, both groups actively participated in the scenario, without observers. We assessed technical and non-technical skills during the simulation and repeated the knowledge and self-efficacy tests after the training. Results Forty-four individuals participated in this study, half from each training programme. Knowledge improved after the first training in both groups, with a significant drop only for active participants after 14 days. Self-efficacy increased in both groups, being higher for the active participants. After 14 days, active participants performed better in technical skills compared to observers, but it was similar in both groups for non-technical skills. Conclusions Active participation seems superior to observation in the development of self-efficacy and the retention of technical skills. Observation may be superior to active participation in knowledge retention. Retention of non-technical skills appears to be similar with both observation and active participation. The findings have important implications for current simulation-based education, but further research is recommended.

Research on the Practice and Strategy of Community Cultural Education Under the Common Prosperity

Haining is located in the Hangjia Lake Plain, and its economic development is rapid. With the surrounding demolition and the surplus labor of rural areas, the phenomenon of &amp;quot;aging aging&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;population gathering&amp;quot; are becoming more and more prominent. Chinese society is in a period of important transformation, diversified value collisions, and complex social environment. Therefore, the construction of targeted communities has gradually attracted much attention. Essence. With the goal of achieving common prosperity, this paper explores the practical forms and strategies of community cultural education in promoting the development of common prosperity for community residents, managing community residents, and enhancing cultural literacy. Through practical implementation, research and statistics, analyze the current resource allocation, activity development, and resident participation in community cultural education. Fully leverage the educational resources of local universities, combine with regional cultural backgrounds, and carry out community cultural education practices with traditional culture as the core. Research has found that community cultural practice education through school local collaboration can stimulate residents&amp;apos; sense of participation and creativity, enhance cohesion and centripetal force, and promote harmonious community management. The study proposes corresponding strategies and suggestions from three aspects: community, local universities, and government, which helps to promote the efficient and sustainable development of community cultural education.

Freire's Praxis, Democracy and Critical Consciousness in Islamic Education

Critical philosophy in education assumes that students are so naive and unable to read social reality critically, and this also happens in Islamic education. Paulo Freire tries to promote the importance of student-centred education, active participation and critical consciousness in education. This study aims to: (1) explore Freire's ideas about praxis; (2) explore Freire's thoughts on democracy; (3) explore Freire's thinking about critical consciousness; (4) integrate the concepts of praxis, democracy and critical consciousness in Islamic education. This is literature research which involves review of literature that is relevant to Freire's concepts and their application in Islamic education. The findings of this study are: (1) Praxis allows students to link Islamic knowledge and values with concrete actions in life; (2) Democracy promotes student participation in decision-making and open dialogue, enabling them to actively contribute to learning; (3) Critical consciousness helps students understand the structure of society and analyze their understanding of Islamic teachings critically; (4) The concepts of praxis, democracy and critical consciousness in Islamic education provides opportunities for students to integrate religious teachings with their life experiences, understand the social context and develop a critical understanding of Islam.

Self-assessed threshold for cold temperatures and thermal insulation of clothing among poultry workers

The association between self-assessed cold threshold (CT) and thermal insulation of clothing (Icl) was analysed in 283 poultry workers in Thailand. The mean CT was 13.5 °C (range − 28–29) and the mean Icl was 1.23 clo (range 0.35–2.21). The adjusted CT remained unchanged at low Icls (0.35 through 1.25 clo) but was estimated to increase by 14.8 °C at high Icls (1.25 through 2.21 clo). Overall, CT was higher by 2.4 °C (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.3–3.8) at high (≥ 1.25 clo) than that at low (< 1.25 clo) Icl, but this difference was modified by personal and work-related factors. The difference was 2.6 °C (CI 0.5–4.6) for older (30–57 y) compared to younger (18–29 y) participants, with an excess of 7.3 °C (CI 5.6–9.0) for low vs high educated participants, 2.6 °C (CI 0.5–4.8) for those doing heavy vs light work, 7.4 °C (CI 3.7–11.0) for alcohol consumers vs others, and 3.4 °C (CI 0.6–6.3) for smokers vs non-smokers. The differences were independent of personal characteristics and worksite physical conditions and were interpreted as increased cold sensitivity among subgroups with lesser stamina and poorer health. Sensitive worker subgroups should be identified, and their need for cold protection should be reviewed.

ENSURING PROSECUTORIAL SUPERVISION OVER THE USE OF EXPERT KNOWLEDGE IN CONDUCTING INVESTIGATIVE ACTIONS

This article explores the role of specialists and experts in criminal investigations, emphasizing their legal involvement in procedural actions, such as interrogations and evidence collection. The distinction between specialists and experts is highlighted, with experts possessing broader procedural powers in analyzing case-relevant information. The participation of educators, especially in cases involving minors, is emphasized as critical for obtaining reliable testimony. Additionally, the role of interpreters is examined, emphasizing their importance in ensuring the rights of non-native speakers during criminal proceedings. The article underscores the prosecutor's responsibility in monitoring the proper use of specialists, experts, and interpreters, as well as the importance of maintaining accuracy and preventing potential misuse. The article also touches upon legal provisions related to the participation of third parties, such as educators and interpreters, during interrogations and investigative actions, providing insights into best practices.

Self-Guided Behavioral Activation Using an Online Single-Session Intervention: Content and Lexical Analyses of Activity Scheduling

The Common Elements Toolbox (COMET) is a self-guided online single-session intervention (SSI) containing cognitive-behavioral elements, including behavioral activation (BA). Little is known about the process of activity scheduling in BA. Using data from an 8-week randomized controlled trial of COMET with 409 online workers with a history of psychopathology, two raters coded the types of activities individuals scheduled during the intervention. Additionally, we compared the activities to a BA dictionary developed from therapist-led psychotherapy. We explored baseline clinical and demographic variables that were predictive of the activity category scheduled and explored the scheduled activity category as a predictor of depression, anxiety, and well-being post-intervention. Results yielded 9 different activity types, most commonly sedentary hobbies (41%), physical activity (29%), and active hobbies (18%). We found a small overlap (17%) between the self-guided BA activities in our COMET sample and those in the existing BA dictionary. Demographic variables were predictive of activity category, but clinical variables were not. The type of activity scheduled was not predictive of post-intervention outcomes. In self-guided BA, individuals, particularly men, less educated participants, and racial-ethnic minorities, tend to pick sedentary activities. Findings underscore the need for adaptive and personalized interventions.

Types and aspects of support that young carers need and value, and barriers and enablers to access: the REBIAS-YC qualitative study.

Many children and young people in England provide support to family members who are disabled, have mental or physical ill health, or misuse drugs or alcohol. Providing care can negatively impact children and young people's education, employment, health and social participation, with associated costs. Support is needed to prevent and reduce these negative impacts. The study sought to provide new knowledge and address prior research gaps regarding how best to support young carers from their perspective and that of the people they care for. To address the following questions: What types, components or features of services and other support are seen as helpful, valued, and acceptable to young people who look after someone at home and the people they support? Conversely, what is found to be less or unhelpful? What additional support is perceived as needed? What are the barriers experienced by young and young adult carers in seeking and accessing services for themselves or the person they support? What are the barriers and facilitators for practitioners in providing support and services perceived as valued, helpful and needed by young and young adult carers and the people they support? In-depth qualitative methodology using focus groups, in-depth semistructured interviews and workshops in four localities in England. One hundred and thirty-three carers aged 9-25 years with a range of caring and life circumstances and sociodemographic characteristics. Seventeen adult care recipients (parents) with a range of physical and/or mental healthcare and support needs. Nineteen practitioners from schools, colleges, young carers organisations, voluntary sector services, mental health services, the National Health Service, adult social care and local authority adult and children's social care commissioners. The types and aspects of support that young carers and their families need, and value when received, include: support that reduces or removes their practical and emotional caring responsibilities; support to mitigate the negative impacts of care and help with other life issues; information and advice about services and wider resources and support; someone trusted available to talk to; greater awareness, recognition and understanding; and choice, flexibility, and co-development of plans and solutions. We found a great deal of unmet need for support, and variation in type and quality of support received, including geographically. Potential limitations are that we were not able to engage with, or recruit, young carers from some intended subgroups, meaning some perspectives are missing. Partly because of COVID-19 measures during the study, we mainly recruited through young carers organisations and their family projects, although this was balanced by recruitment through schools and extensive outreach and engagement by the collaborating organisations prior to the project starting. Action is now needed to consistently and sustainably implement the types of support that young carers and the people they care for say they need and value. Future work should include more research from the perspectives of young carers and the people they care for, especially from particularly marginalised groups; and research to understand what works and how to improve implementation of the support needed and valued. This study is registered as Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN13478876. https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN13478876. This award was funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health and Social Care Delivery Research programme (NIHR award ref: NIHR129645) and is published in full in Health and Social Care Delivery Research; Vol. 12, No. 36. See the NIHR Funding and Awards website for further award information.

Effect of Financial Literacy and Entrepreneurship Training on Entrepreneurship Intentions of People Living with Disabilities in Nigeria

People living with disabilities (PLWDs) are considered the most vulnerable segment of the population, and in most societies or countries neglected especially with respect access to education, health care, infrastructures, economic, social and political participation; thereby pushing them in to begging and other non-productive activities. Thus, there is strong need to pay attention to these categories of people in order to make them self-reliant, and engage them in to different forms of entrepreneurship activities. Therefore, the aims to examine the influence of financial literacy and entrepreneurship training on entrepreneurship intentions of PLWDs in Nigeria. Using a descriptive survey research, the population comprises all the PLWDs in the North West region of Nigeria, out of which a sample of 210 were conveniently surveyed using questionnaire. With the help of SPSS, the data collected was analysed using descriptive, correlation, and regression. The results revealed that entrepreneurship training was significant on entrepreneurship intention of the PLWDs, while financial literacy was not significant on entrepreneurship intentions. The study concludes that, while financial literacy does not determine entrepreneurship intention of the PLWDs, entrepreneurship training does. Hence, the research recommends that, emphasis be placed on different forms of entrepreneurship trainings in order to encourage the PLWDs to embrace entrepreneurial activities, while less attention be given to financial literacy as it has only little impact. However, the research further emphasized that PLWDs be integrated in to not only theoretical aspect of entrepreneurship, but also be encourage to acquire some forms of skills that translate in to real entrepreneurial ventures.

Program Adiwiyata “School Garden for Better Future” Sekolah Dasar (SD) Kristen Satya Wacana Salatiga

Background: Environmental education in Indonesia aims to increase the younger generation's awareness of environmental sustainability. Student involvement in activities that support nature conservation from an early age is significant in forming pro-environmental behavior. The "School Garden for Better Future" program at Satya Wacana Christian Elementary School, Salatiga, is designed to provide an understanding of the importance of nature conservation and practical skills in agriculture. Method: The service partners in this program are 52 grade 4 students at Satya Wacana Christian Elementary School, Salatiga. Participatory approaches involve stages of coordination meetings, garden creation, monitoring, education, evaluation, and integration of service activities into the school curriculum. Data was collected through questionnaires, direct observation, and interviews and then analyzed using qualitative descriptive techniques. Results: The school garden has been successfully established as a dynamic learning environment. Education about ornamental plants and maintenance guides increases students' understanding of the living environment. Evaluation through filling out questionnaires show a high level of satisfaction among educational participants, with significant increases in knowledge and practical skills. The integration of community service activities into the school curriculum and extracurricular programs supports the sustainability of this program by involving active participation from students and teachers. Conclusion: Implementing the "School Garden for Better Future" Program at the Satya Wacana Christian Elementary School in Salatiga has achieved its primary objective, namely providing students with an understanding of the importance of nature conservation and practical skills in sustainable agriculture.

Research on the problems and countermeasures of education and training of left-behind women in rural areas under the background of rural revitalization

As China’s urbanization process accelerates, it has become common for rural men to go out to work and women to stay at home. The implementation of China’s rural revitalization strategy is in dire need of a large amount of high-quality human capital, and education and training are an important way to improve human capital and empower left-behind women. Starting from the background of China’s rural revitalization, this study focuses on the education and training of rural left-behind women, a topic that has received less attention. Through in-depth interviews and participatory observation, we analyzed the factors affecting rural left-behind women’s participation in education and training, as well as the problems that exist in China’s rural education and training process, and proposed strategies to solve them. The study found that education level, traditional attitudes, economic income, knowledge of education and training, and mental health are important factors affecting the participation of left-behind women in education and training in rural China. At the same time, there are some problems in the process of education and training, such as a single main body of supply and training methods, a lack of teachers, and a lack of management, etc., which affect the development of education and training, and thus also the promotion of rural revitalization.

Exploring word-referent mapping in Mandarin-speaking late-talkers at 33 months and its language predictors at 27 months: An eye-tracking study.

This longitudinal study investigated the language skills, phonological working memory and lexical-tone perception of Mandarin-speaking late-talkers (LTs) and those with typical language development (TLD) at 27 months, while also examining their connections with novel word-referent mapping (W-R mapping) through eye-tracking at 33 months. Participants included 22 Mandarin-speaking 27-month-old LTs and 22 toddlers with TLD. Data on expressive and receptive language abilities, as well as phonological working memory and lexical-tone perception, were collected when participants were 27 months old. An eye-tracking paradigm was further employed during the word-learning tasks, which included W-R mapping and word-identification test (W-I test) phases at 33 months. Multilevel models were used to analyse participants' gaze pattern trajectories. At 27 months, LT toddlers exhibited poorer language skills (receptive: p = 0.015, expressive: p < 0.001), lexical-tone perception (p < 0.001) and phonological working memory (p < 0.001) compared to those with TLD, even after considering maternal educational level and participants' fine motor ability. During the W-I test phase, we observed that LT toddlers showed a slower increase in fixations on the novel target image while listening to the corresponding novel word over time, compared to TLD toddlers (linear: p = 0.011, quadratic: p = 0.007) after adding confounders. Further, expressive language ability at 27 months old was a predictor of their newly established W-R mappings at 33 months old (p = 0.016). Additionally, the toddler's phonological working memory and lexical-tone perception were associated with their expressive language ability (p = 0.001 and < 0.001). These findings indicate that the novel W-R mapping is not as robust in LTs as in TLDs, and the skills necessary for word learning share similarities with a wide range of expressive language abilities. Moreover, poor expressive language abilities were associated with deficits in lexical processing abilities; that is, phonological working memory and lexical-tone perception. These findings suggest the need for interventions aimed at improving LTs' lexical processing abilities to strengthen their lagging word-learning skills at toddlerhood. What is already known on this subject Late-talkers (LTs) exhibit delays in expressive vocabulary development. Furthermore, they also perform poorly in word learning. What this paper adds to existing knowledge The eye-tracking paradigm was employed and found that novel word-referent mapping (W-R mapping) is not as robust in LTs as in those with typical language development. Toddlers' early expressive language ability could predict their ability to establish novel W-R mappings. Furthermore, the better the phonological working memory and lexical-tone perception of LTs are, the better their early expressive language ability is. What are the clinical implications of this work? Interventions might consider incorporating strategies to improve phonological working memory and lexical-tone perception to help Mandarin-speaking LTs enhance linguistic capacities and build robust novel W-R mapping.