Participant's Life Research Articles

Burnout among Nurses, Midwives, and Physicians in Maternity Care Exposed to Traumatic Childbirth Events

Abstract Purpose: To describe the relationship between experiencing traumatic childbirth events and burnout. Study Designs and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study used an anonymous online survey to assess traumatic childbirth event exposure and the three independent constructs of burnout: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment. Participants were a convenience sample of registered nurses, obstetric residents, family medicine residents, and attending obstetricians across five hospitals from December 2020 through June 2021. The traumatic childbirth event questionnaire measured the frequency of traumatic childbirth event exposure, perception of severity, and perceived influence on the participant's professional practice and personal life. Results: Data were analyzed from 150 participants. Registered nurses represented the largest percentage of participants (66%). Components of burnout varied according to race and occupation. Asian/Pacific Islanders had significantly higher mean depersonalization scores at 10.1 (SD = 6.0). Resident physicians had the highest emotional exhaustion scores (M = 34.6, SD = 8.8). Traumatic childbirth events perceived influence on practice correlates with personal accomplishments. Yet, no relationship was observed between traumatic childbirth events, emotional exhaustion, and depersonalization. Linear mixed analysis revealed that hospitals account for 7.5% of the variance in emotional exhaustion scores, 11.1% in depersonalization scores, and 1.3% in personal accomplishments scores. Clinical Implications: Maternity clinicians experience burnout at similar rates to those in other specialties. Although traumatic childbirth events are infrequent and not strongly correlated with emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, hospitals should implement effective strategies to support clinicians after such events. Educational interventions can enhance knowledge and resilience, whereas specialized training effectively alleviates burnout. Development of evidence-based strategies that prioritize the wellbeing of clinicians and patients is crucial.

Harnessing the power of empathy, visual art and patient narratives to improve health literacy: An exploratory study.

Health-related information can often be overwhelming for consumers, frequently infused with complex medical terminology that is difficult to understand and apply. Historically empathic connection, art and narratives have played key roles in communicating with diverse populations however collectively have received little recognition as a modality to improve health literacy. This study aimed to investigate the empathetic connection between art and patient narratives with a view to improve health literacy in the wider community. Nine recently discharged patients and one carer from a regional hospital were paired with 10 tertiary visual arts students for interview. Each narrative was transformed into visual art and exhibited at a community art gallery. The Empathy Quotient (EQ), Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) and self-completed questionnaires assessed empathy and functional well-being. Health literacy was evaluated through community response surveys post-exhibition exposure. Student artist participants' EQ Cognitive Empathy (EQ-CE) scores were associated with 'Emotional Reactivity' (EQ-ER) (p = .038). SF-36 scores revealed that role limitations due to physical health and emotional problems had the greatest impact on patient/carer participant's life at the time. The SF-36 General Health domain was associated with the EQ-ER total score (p = .044). Exhibition surveys revealed that 96.9% of observers had learnt something new about illness or injury. SO WHAT?: Although a relatively small study, our findings suggest patient/carer narratives and visual art is a simple yet effective modality for health service organisations to facilitate affective learning and improve health literacy when engaging with consumers.

Exploring the lived experience of Arab male patients on intermittent catheterization after spinal cord injury: A phenomenological study.

Intermittent catheterization (IC) has been identified as one of the critical techniques used by spinal cord injury (SCI) patients to cope with emptying the bladder, despite several problems impeding this procedure. The study aimed accordingly to explore the lived experience of Arab male patients on IC after their SCI. This study was carried out by using a descriptive qualitative approach with a phenomenological analysis of data. A qualitative study was carried out on 10 Arab male patients from the Rehabilitation Hospital at King Fahad Medical City (KFMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia who were utilizing intermittent catheters following SCI. The interviews were analysed using Husserl's phenomenology and the Colaizzi method of data analysis. Two major themes and six sub-themes were identified from exploring the patients experience. These themes are as follows: Theme 1: The Way to IC; with two sub-themes: (i) 'service provided and acceptance' and (ii) 'educational experience'; Theme 2: Lifestyle and self-adaptation; with four sub-themes: (i) 'Flexibility and freedom', (ii) 'Physical access to the community', (iii) 'Traveling' and (iv) 'Work and Social life balance'. It is evident that using an intermittent catheter among patients with SCI influenced almost all aspects of the participant's life, including their social lives and body image appearance.

청소년 어머니의 정서지능 기반 부모교육 참여경험 내러티브 탐구

Objectives This study was conducted to explore in-depth the actual participation experience of a mother with adolescents participating in emotional intelligence-based parent education and the meaning of the experiences. Methods To this end, emotional intelligence-based parent education was conducted from September to November 2023, and data were collected through face-to-face interviews three times by selecting one parent participant with adolescents. It was analyzed in the three-dimensional narrative inquiry’s space proposed by Clandinin & Connelly(2000) to interpret vivid experiences and their meanings in the context of the participant's life stories naturally and spontaneously. Results There were 3 experience domains and 1 semantic domains and 15 lower categories. The first domain were ‘desperate desire to become an expert and be comfortable from a empty heart’ as the motivation. The sec-ond domain were ‘I'm afraid I'm going to be hurt’, ‘I'm desperate to fill my childhood parent position’, ‘the moment when a spark bursts while doing my best to play the role of a parent’, ‘mother constantly cracking down on me for fear of being told that I raised my child wrong’, ‘I'm living a hard life without a break and collapsing because of my emotions,’ and ‘I pretend to be okay outside and I'm acting like a comedian.’ The third domain were ‘the joy of warm support and care toward me’, ‘the courage to experience deep inner fears’, and ‘the person who grows into true self-understanding’. Conclusions In the process of recognizing and understanding oneself, who unilaterally controlled and demanded change in relationships with children, it led to inner growth. The meaning of the participation experience in emo-tional intelligence parental education became an inflection point not only for the relationship with the children but also for the change in one's own growth through true meeting with oneself.

메타버스 젭(ZEP)을 활용한 중학생의 그림책 하브루타 활동 경험에 관한 내러티브 탐구

Objectives The purpose of this study is to narratively explore middle school students' experiences and the meaning of their experiences through a havruta activity utilizing picture books within Metaverse Zeb.
 Methods This study used narrative inquiry to capture the healthy changes in participants' lives through the experience of Havruta activities in the Metaverse and to understand the context of each participant's life more holistically. Two secondary school students participated in 12 sessions of activities and in-depth individual interviews. 12 picture books, one for each session, were selected and categorized into person, home, and school areas based on spatiality and relationships. The research activity was conducted on the Metaverse platform Zeb for 12 sessions of 60 minutes per session. The main activities were question-based habvruta and argument- based havruta, which were conducted in the pair activity space.
 Results This study was more than just fun, it was a process of growth through psychological healing and problem solving. First, the participants improved their sense of psychological safety through accidental play and self-disclosure. Second, they recovered their “healing power” through support from their partner activities and family support. Third, they sought “problem-solving solutions” through understanding and acceptance of others and self-understanding and acceptance. Fourth, Study participants experienced a “self-growth process” in which I regained the power of healing, worked to solve problems, and searched for a changed future self.
 Conclusions By identifying the counseling value of havruta activities utilizing picture books in the Metaverse, this study will help lay the groundwork for the development of a virtual counseling program to support the development of young people who do not have access to face-to-face counseling.

Blending Behavioural Theory and Narrative Analysis to Explore the Lived Experience of Obesity and Assess Potential Engagement in a UK Weight Management Service: Theory and Narrative Approaches in Weight Management.

Current treatments for people with obesity emphasise the need for person-centred approaches that consider complex biopsychosocial factors and value the lived experience of people when attempting to lose weight. Narrative interviews (n = 20) were conducted with people living with obesity to explore the causes of their weight gain and their expectations and engagement with treatment at a Weight Management Clinic. A mixed inductive and deductive qualitative analysis identified utterances that represented psychological constructs used to understand self-appraisal and health behaviour. A narrative analysis was used to situate these findings in the context of a participant's life story. Locus of control was a dominant construct evidenced through a person's attributional style and self-efficacy. Transcripts represented a heightened sense of self-understanding and shifts in control, and styles of attribution and efficacy resulted in either stasis or self-actualisation. The Stages of Change model could be applied to narratives to ascertain a patient's motivation to access treatment. Importantly, narrative interviews also allowed for the consideration of how a person's systemic context influenced their weight. Narrative interaction supports both self- and shared understandings of the causes and consequences of obesity for individuals, in a non-blaming or shaming manner. It provides an opportunity to enhance engagement through tailored, person-centred treatments.

Ergonomics in the operation-theatre: a healthcare provider-based cross-sectional study.

Performing surgery is a task that demands mental stability, precision, and vigilant eyes, along with resilient physical strength, as surgeons and those who assist the surgeons have to assume a sustained, difficult posture that can go on for hours. About 23-100% of surgeons report musculoskeletal discomfort that originates from poor ergonomics. Ethical clearance for the study was obtained. This cross-sectional study, conducted in a tertiary centre among the healthcare providers working inside the operating room, spanned from 1 March 2023, to 26 June 2023. Systematic sampling was applied, and consent was obtained before data collection. A structured questionnaire was used as the study tool, and the collected data was analysed in SPSS 20. A total of 98 personnel responded, among which 67.3% were males and 32.7% were females, with a median age of 36 (32-42) years. Only 6.1% of the workers had received training on ergonomics. The prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders was 82.7%, and more than two-thirds of the participant's life outside of work was affected by this. More than two-thirds (69.4%) felt their work environment was not safe, and surgeons performing open surgery were at lower odds of feeling that their work environment was safe. There is a high prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among healthcare providers working inside the operating room, and the majority had their body position deviated from neutral most of the time during the surgery. There is a deficiency in ergonomic practices, which demands an effective intervention.

Micro-level Factors Associated with Youth Drug Use Among an Urban at-Risk Youth Sample.

Youth drug use has reached global epidemic proportions with unequal distribution among communities with low income, immigrants, or ethnic status. This study seeks to understand the association between micro-level factors and youth drug use behavior among 2693 low-income, ethnic, and immigrant youths in Pomona, CA, USA. The study uneath's unique evidence and intervention elements necessary to resolve youth drug use in Pomona. We used social cognitive theory as a conceptual framework, and performed correlation and multiple linear regression analysis in a cross-sectional design. The results reveal that attitudes, perceptions, and behavior related to friends, participants, family, and adults in the participant's life and ease of access to drugs are associated with youth drug use. Variables related to friends and participants show a relatively stronger association with youth drug use in comparison to variables related to parents and adults in participants' lives. Equally, drug and non-drug antisocial behavior of friends and participants show a stronger association with youth drug use relative to prosocial behavior. Also, when a diverse set of predictor variables are combined together, their association to the outcome variable is stronger than that of a single variable. Future interventions in Pomona should prioritize strategies which target participants and friends over activities targeting parents and adults. Interventions targeting antisocial behavior should be prioritized over prosocial behavior. Program implementers should also develop unique evidence and tools which will help parents influence the drug use behavior of youths in Pomona and similar communities.

Designing Material Learning for 5th Grade Elementary School using Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM)

This type of research uses research and development (R&D). This research aims to produce teaching materials based on Science, Technology, Engineering, And Mathematics (STEM) and determine the feasibility of teaching materials. This teaching material is created and developed to improve critical thinking skills on the theme of events in the lives of elementary school students on the material properties nature of things. Research and development in the field of education uses the ADDIE model. Technique data analysis was carried out quantitatively and qualitatively. Data collection instruments in the form of tests and notes. Assessment of teaching materials based on Science, Technology, Engineering, And Mathematics (STEM) according to the assessment of material experts and practitioners is feasible to use. Use of teaching-based materials STEM is feasible to improve critical thinking skills on the theme of events in the participant's life elementary school students on the material properties of objects. STEM- based teaching materials can not only be used in the research subject, but can be used as a source of learning and reference for schools. STEM- based teaching materials present material that is developmentally appropriate science and technology. The use of STEM- based teaching materials encourages educators to utilize technology to achieve understanding of thematic concepts to improve students' critical thinking skills to the maximum according to learning objectives.

Adverse childhood experience trajectories and individual high risk-behaviors of sexual offenders: A developmental victimology perspective

BackgroundDevelopmental victimology theory suggests that developmental features of risk and impact stemming from various types of victimization depend on the age of the child or adolescent. ObjectiveA next step is studying the developmental victimization trajectories of individuals involved in sexual crimes by focusing on traumatic events occurring during childhood and adolescence respectively. Building on the developmental victimology perspective, the study's specific aims encompass two key objectives: 1) exploring the diverse trajectories of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) within a sample of individuals involved in sexual crimes, and 2) assessing whether these ACEs trajectories influence the emergence of distinct high-risk behaviors. Participants and setting252 individuals convicted of sexual crimes were selected from a federal penitentiary in Quebec, Canada. MethodsSemi-structured interviews with a computerized questionnaire produced data on numerous aspects of the participant's life history, criminal career, and victimization experiences that were analyzed via latent class modeling. ResultsFour classes (no ACEs trajectory, poly exposure and victimization trajectory, childhood exposure trajectory, and poly victimization trajectory) were identified. ConclusionsConsistent with hypotheses, developmental ACEs trajectories are heterogeneous and associated with the criminal careers, adolescent problematic behaviors, substance use disorders, and violence history among individuals involved in sexual offending.

Short-term intervention complemented by wearable technology improves Trichotillomania - A naturalistic single-case report.

There is a growing interest in using wearable technology for the treatment of body-focused repetitive behaviors (BFRBs), such as Trichotillomania. Yet, to our knowledge, few studies address the applicability and use of wearable technology as a therapeutic element in more naturalistic situations. Here we would like to introduce its potential use combined with a Habit-Reversal Training in a single-case experimental design. In practice, individuals with BFRBs frequently show complex constellations of psychiatric disorders. Accordingly, the here presented participant was diagnosed with Trichotillomania as well as comorbid ADHD and examination phobia. The participant was offered to wear an unobtrusive and user-friendly vibration device that sent an alarm when her critical hairpulling behaviors occurred. The complementing Habit-Reversal Training included an Awareness Training supported by the vibration alarm of the wearable device. It further included a Competing Response Training by learning benign behaviors that could replace the hairpulling behavior. The frequency of hairpulling episodes was assessed using daily self-reports and by using the monitoring function of the wearable device. The intervention procedure was implemented into the participant's everyday life and evaluated over the course of 214 days. The results indicated a significant reduction in the daily episodes of hair pulling. Our preliminary findings suggest that the here applied intervention has the potential to effectively treat Trichotillomania in individuals with comorbid disorders in psychotherapeutic outpatient care. Certainly, group-studies will need to further validate the approach's effectiveness.

Evaluation of a culturally adapted reminiscence therapy intervention: Improving mood, family and community connectedness in Spanish- and Vietnamese-speaking older adults.

Reminiscence therapy (RT) is an evidence-based treatment for alleviating depression and improving life satisfaction among elders, yet less is known about its efficacy in diverse ethnic groups. We report on the evaluation of a cultural adaptation of the RT intervention that combines reminiscence with three innovative elements: including family members in RT; conducting community events for participants to present their artwork and life-story books created during the intervention; and using ethnically matched bilingual community workers. The 12-week intervention with pre- and post-test assessments was completed by 73 Hispanic and 92 Vietnamese elders (mean age = 75 years; 62% female; mostly foreign-born, with limited English proficiency). Paired t-tests indicated statistically significant improvement in depression, loneliness, and life satisfaction. Sixty-two percent of participants noted improved relationships with family/friends through improved communication and shared understanding of the participant's life story. Fifty percent of respondents participated in a community event and the qualitative comments noted improved connection with their community through listening to others' life experiences and sharing their own. Participant perceptions of ethnically matched community workers were positive, but several indicated they could work with someone from a different ethnic background. Similar to general RT findings, the culturally adapted RT intervention demonstrated improvement in depression, loneliness, and life satisfaction among elders from two different ethnic backgrounds. Implications for future projects are discussed based on the findings and experience of conducting this intervention.

Violences sexuelles liées au terrorisme : prise en charge psychologique des femmes yézidies en Irak

From 2018 to 2022, the Lebanese Association of Victims of Terrorism (AVT-L), in collaboration with the United Nations (United Nations Office for Drug and Crime [UNODC]) and with the support of the government of the Netherlands, implemented a project to provide psychological care to victims of terrorism in Iraq. Ninety Yezidi women participated in this program. Each one of the participants had experienced sexual violence during the takeover of part of the Iraqi territory by the jihadists of the Islamic State group (ISIS) between 2014 and 2018. Following a semi-structured interview, these Yezidi women first participated in experience-sharing sessions for three consecutive days. Then, they benefited from an individual psychological follow-up for a period of 6 months. Over this ten-year period, the association's team has developed a protocol that combines art therapy with group and individual psychotherapy. The care is evaluated on a regular basis. From the first interview, the psychologist uses the results of the Traumaq, an evaluation tool that assesses trauma-related symptoms. Subsequently, the PCL-5 scale is used to measure the evolution of the symptoms. A considerable support that is studied in association with the participant's life story and the social, personal, and professional evolution of each person. At the end of the treatment, significant changes were observed, particularly for criteria B and D of the DSM-5. We recorded a reduction in intrusive memories, as well as an improvement in emotional and physical reactions to these memories. Feelings of guilt were reduced. Significant improvement in sleep and concentration was also noted. Participants experienced an improvement in their self-esteem, with a desire to pursue studies and be involved in active projects in their community. However, anger about injustice and a lack of compensation remained palpable. This work culminated in the accompaniment of a delegation of these women to make their voices heard at the United Nations headquarters in New York. In this paper, we will highlight the art therapy aspect of this program, especially that of using clay as the medium for the art therapy.

비블리오드라마의 텍스트로써 그림책을 위한 연구

The purpose of this study is to enable the training of biblio drama through new texts ratherthan biblical texts as texts of biblio dramas, and to lay the foundations for the experience ofparticipants to interact with their lives and texts without religious burden. By using picturebooks as texts of bibliodramas, the interpretative training of bibliodramas can be done withoutreligious burdens on the Bible, and participants can participate in bibliodramas lightly ratherthan religious approaches. The picture book text enables the interpretation of various meaningsby the interaction between the text and the picture, the compressiveness of the text makes theinteraction with the participant's life in depth, and the picture text can reduce the burden of theparticipant by presenting the model of the image when the physical activity is done.Althoughthe possibility of using picture books as texts of biblio dramas is open, the hermeneuticmethodology for interpreting picture book texts is suggested as a follow-up study.

ATTITUDE TOWARDS COVID-19 IN DENTAL COLLEGE POPULATION: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY.

Introduction: In this COVID -19 pandemic dentists are at high risk of cross-infection. The dental practice is a source of cross contamination in the absence of adequate preventive measures. As COVID -19 is highly contagious and use of air rotors adds to air born route for transmission and dentist's proximity to the oropharyngeal area of the patient, a dental professional is always at higher risk. Therefore all the dental students and professionals should be competent with knowledge and must be aware of precautionary methods, social distancing, sanitization and vaccination. Aim: The present study is aimed to assess the attitude towards COVID-19 in dental college population Materials & Methods: This study was conducted among 200 participants, the faculties and students in a dental college. A ten questions multiple choice questionnaire form was prepared on effect of COVID-19 on participant's life and distributed among the participants who were divided into two groups as faculty & students, in the dental college and their response was tabulated and analyzed. Results: The results of this study suggested that majority of participants of both the groups strictly followed precautionary measures, followed social distancing, taken both the doses of vaccination and showed positive attitude towards prevention of further spread of corona virus. Conclusion: The participants in this study seemed to be aware of the detrimental effects of COVID-19 and had good knowledge, attitude and selfcare practice, which are necessary in preventing the spread of COVID-19.

Minding the complexities of psychotropic medication management for children and youth in the foster care system: Paper 1: The facilitators and barriers to learning about trauma-informed medication management

The phenomenon of inappropriate polypharmacy among the foster care population arises in part due to the challenges related to integrating trauma-informed principles into service delivery. It is further exacerbated by the complexity of intersecting systems in which child welfare case workers need to communicate, including foster and biological parents, social service agencies, and advocates. Yet, there is limited research about trauma-informed psychotropic medication management interventions for child welfare staff. This pilot study was conducted to evaluate a trauma-informed psychotropic medication management intervention and is reported in two manuscripts, pertaining respectively to the facilitators and barriers to learning, and perceived individual and institutional trauma responsiveness. The intervention comprised of a 2-hour-long training session for child welfare staff and a 3-month web-based curriculum for leadership personnel, aiming to increase their understanding of trauma-informed psychotropic medication management. In the first paper, we report on the facilitators and barriers to learning, grouped into three categories: teacher attributes, learner attributes, and situational factors. In the second paper, in addition to trauma responsiveness ratings, we also provide a detailed account of one participant's life experience and perceptions of the intervention provided, as an exemplar of the psychosocial facets of resilience. The ABC Medication Scale scores that measured staff knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors associated with medications used to treat mental health symptoms showed a significant change in scores following training. Based on these findings, we provide practical solutions to address situational factors that are worth considering when providing training for child welfare staff. PAPER 1 ABSTRACT: THE FACILITATORS AND BARRIERS TO LEARNING ABOUT TRAUMA-INFORMED MEDICATION MANAGEMENT: Given that foster care children experience many challenges that threaten their well-being, their physical and mental health needs tend to be greater than those of their peers who are not in foster care. However, owing to the transient nature of the foster care placements, as well as continuous changes in medical providers and counselors, the screenings, supportive interventions, and treatments they receive may be fragmented. This is particularly problematic when considering that many of these children are medicated as a means of managing their behavior. Moreover, children in foster care are also more vulnerable to having the medications and diagnoses accumulate due to frequent placement changes and lack of treatment continuity. Our research was guided by the question "What are the facilitators and barriers to learning about trauma-informed psychotropic medication management?" We developed an intervention to address the issue of inappropriate polypharmacy and examined the facilitators and barriers to learning using a mixed methods design. The facilitators to learning were instructor-specific (e.g., reputation, teaching style, capacity for selecting and implementing relevant resources), learner-specific (altruism, capacity to see personal relevance in the learning situation, desire for knowledge/competence, career advancement/recognition-seeking), and situational (immediacy/on-demand resources, reinforcement of pleasant learning experience). Barriers were largely situational (workload and family demands). Based on these findings, we provide practical strategies for addressing situational factors that are worth considering when designing training curricula aimed at child welfare staff.

What experience the individual and family of patients with cardiovascular difficulties?

This research identifies the main themes and internal states of heart disease experience in individuals and families of patients with cardiovascular difficulties.It is applied in terms of purpose and methodologically qualitative and phenomenological. Its population is patients admitted to Baqiyatallah Azam Hospital. It includes the patients who had a long and severe chronic illness in this area (or without long and severe chronic illness). We performed in-depth semi-structured interviews with 6 patients in the CCU ward of Baqiyatallah Al-Azam Hospital. With the introducing 4 family members of the participants, the number of people with whom we worked until the final stages reached 10 (two participants refused to introduce their family members). We analyzed data using the methods proposed by Van Manen and Colaizzi.According to the results, the main themes of experiencing heart disease are initial experience of cardiovascular (malfunction) difficulty, experience of internal conditions related to cardiovascular disease, family's initial experience of cardiovascular disease, atmosphere governing the participant's life before heart disease, the last slices of life before experiencing cardiovascular disease, perceived changes after experiencing cardiovascular disease, and experiencing cardiovascular disease. Regarding the initial experience of cardiovascular difficulty (dysfunction), sub-themes include reported symptoms, type of diagnosis, and duration of illness.

Experience and Perceptions of Chinese University Students Regarding the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Analysis.

The COVID-19 pandemic has exerted a significant influence on university student's learning, life and mental health. Using the method of inductive content analysis, this study examined the experience and perceptions of Chinese university students regarding the COVID-19 pandemic. Eighteen university students including seven males and eleven females were involved in this study. In this study, we identified five themes concerning experience and perceptions of Chinese university students regarding the COVID-19 pandemic, that is, emotional reactions toward the COVID-19 pandemic, the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the participant's learning, the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the participant's daily life, participants' positive responses to the COVID-19 pandemic, and China's moves toward the COVID-19 pandemic. This study elaborated on experience and perceptions of Chinese university students regarding the COVID-19 pandemic, which would provide us a better understanding of how university students perceive the COVID-19 pandemic and to what extent the COVID-19 pandemic has influenced their learning and daily lives.

Association Between Various Types or Statuses of Smoking and Subjective Cognitive Decline Based on a Community Health Survey of Korean Adults.

ObjectivesThe relationship between smoking and subjective cognitive decline (SCD), which is defined as the subjective perception of cognitive decline, is not well known. This study aimed to investigate the relationship of various types of smoking, including E-cigarette smoking and the use of E-liquid, with the incidence of SCD among Korean adults.MethodsWe evaluated the 2018 Korean Community Health Survey data collected from community-dwelling people in Korea. A total of 104,453 non-smokers, 38,607 past smokers, and 26,776 current smokers with eligible data were included in the study. SCD was assessed using the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. The past or current smoking pack-years throughout each participant's entire life were calculated. Multiple regression analyses were carried out to estimate the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) as measures of the association between each type of smoking and SCD after adjustment for potential confounders.ResultsCompared to no exposure, passive smoking was associated with higher odds of SCD. Compared to non-smokers, past smokers had a higher OR for SCD; however, current smokers did not. There were no significant associations between passive smoking and SCD in the non-smoker and past smoker groups, but there was a significant relationship between them in the current smoker group. While the cumulative dose of smoking was correlated with an increased OR of SCD in each group of current smokers and past smokers, E-cigarette smoking and the use of E-liquid were not associated with higher ORs in the current smoker group.ConclusionOur findings support that passive smoking and past smoking are significantly associated with SCD and that more cumulative exposure to smoking is correlated with a higher OR of SCD.

Danish national film archives available for reminiscence activities

AbstractBackgroundAmong important elements’ in person‐centred care is knowledge about a person’s life, and how this ties into his/her daily activities and care. Finding historical film footage about a particular local setting, or a relevant topic, is time‐consuming and difficult for the care staff. The Danish Film Institute – a government institution under the Ministry of Culture – set out to develop a platform that made part of their historical archive available for staff, to support the national agenda of creating a dementia‐friendly society.MethodBased on knowledge from reminiscence theory, suitable archive footage was selected and grouped into four packages, consisting of several short film clips and supportive documents. The platform was tested on eight nursing home residents with a dementia diagnosed, in two groups of four. Each group performed one session per week for three weeks at the nursing home. Due to COVID‐19 restrictions, only proxy data was collected in terms of interviews with a group leader and two on‐site observers after every session, about their experiences with the material and their observed participant reactions. Data collection without the voices of the participants themselves was performed due to the need for obtaining at least proxy data on the effect of targeted film clip to stimulate frail elderlies with dementia – also in a pandemic lockdown situation. Informed consent from all participants was obtained. Data and ethics approval was done in accordance with Danish law.ResultsAlthough the archive content was not targeted people with declining cognitive function, the staff assessed the effect of this pedagogical dissemination of well‐designed film clip content, as very positive in relation to the participants with dementia. The sessions managed to stimulate engaging discussion and storytelling about the participant's own life in what can be described as deep memory recollections. Some instances of transference of new knowledge about life history to daily care of the participants were reported.ConclusionThe study instances that tailored archived film content can be used in professional person‐centred care to stimulate memories of people with dementia and quality moments in participant`s daily life.