Participation In Exercise Program Research Articles

Effects of a Pilates exercise program on muscle strength, postural control and body composition: results from a pilot study in a group of post-menopausal women.

Participation in exercise programs is heartily recommended for older adults since the level of physical fitness directly influences functional independence. The aim of this present study was to investigate the effects of supervised Pilates exercise training on the physical function, hypothesizing that a period of Pilates exercise training (PET) can increase overall muscle strength, body composition, and balance, during single and dual-task conditions, in a group of post-menopausal women. Twenty-five subjects, aged 59 to 66 years old, were recruited. Eligible participants were assessed prior and after 3 months of PET performed twice per week. Muscular strength was evaluated with handgrip strength (HGS) test, 30-s chair sit-to-stand test (30CST), and abdominal strength (AST) test. Postural control and dual-task performance were measured through a stabilometric platform while dynamic balance with 8 ft up and go test. Finally, body composition was assessed by means of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Statistically significant improvements were detected on HGS (+8.22%), 30CST (+23.41%), 8 ft up and go test (-5.95%), AST (+30.81%), medio-lateral oscillations in open eyes and dual-task condition (-22.03% and -10.37%). Pilates was effective in increasing upper body, lower body, and abdominal muscle strength. No changes on body composition were detected. Results on this investigation indicated also that 12-week of mat Pilates is not sufficient to determine a clinical meaningful improvement on static balance in single and dual-task conditions.

Social-Ecological, Motivational and Volitional Factors for Initiating and Maintaining Physical Activity in the Context of HIV.

Sport and exercise can have several health benefits for people living with HIV. These benefits can be achieved through different types of physical activity, adapting to disease progression, motivation and social-ecological options. However, physical activity levels and adherence to exercise are generally low in people living with HIV. At the same time, high drop-out rates in intervention studies are prevalent; even though they often entail more favourable conditions than interventions in the natural settings. Thus, in the framework of an intervention study, the present study aims to explore social-ecological, motivational and volitional correlates of South African women living with HIV with regard to physical activity and participation in a sport and exercise health promotion programme. The qualitative data was produced in the framework of a non-randomised pre-post intervention study that evaluated structure, processes and outcomes of a 10-week sport and exercise programme. All 25 participants of the programme were included in this analysis, independent of compliance. Data was produced through questionnaires, participatory group discussions, body image pictures, research diaries and individual semi-structured interviews. All participants lived in a low socioeconomic, disadvantaged setting. Hence, the psychological correlates are contextualised and social-ecological influences on perception and behaviour are discussed. The results show the importance of considering social-cultural and environmental influences on individual motives, perceptions and expectancies, the fear of disclosure and stigmatisation, sport and exercise-specific group dynamics and self-supporting processes. Opportunities and strategies to augment physical activity and participation in sport and exercise programmes in the context of HIV are discussed.

Worksite Exercise Programs

Worksite wellness interventions have been a part of companies’ health care offerings to address prevalent health risks such as obesity and physical inactivity. To enhance engagement, participation has been financially incentivized with the assumption that an external motivator in form of monetary benefit is employees’ primary driver. However, a more thorough investigation of behavioral regulations that lead to participation is essential, particularly in the absence of incentives. We surveyed a cohort of 436 white collar employees, of which 177 were worksite exercise program participants and 259 were non-participants. Diverse exercise facilities were available to all and participation was not incentivized. After controlling for covariates previously identified to affect participation, external regulation was a significant factor in the tested multivariate logistic regression. This finding adds to the evidence of a significant role of non-financial external motivators, such as organizational health culture and the necessity for a holistic participatory approach to health promotion.

Exercise in Youth with Type 1 Diabetes.

Exercise is important in the management of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Modern diabetes care includes the goal that all youth meet guidelines for regular physical activity. Evidence suggests regular physical activity improves cardiovascular health, lipid profiles, psychosocial wellbeing and, possibly, glycemic control in youth with T1DM. However, exercise is especially problematic for children and adolescents because wide glycemic excursions commonly occur during and after exercise and may increase the risk of severe hypoglycemia. In addition, youth with T1DM have abnormal counterregulatory hormone responses, further increasing the risk of exercise-associated hypoglycemia. Recent studies have demonstrated that this risk is present during, and many hours after exercise, and have tested strategies to prevent exercise-induced hypoglycemia in youth. Despite these recent studies, the fear of hypoglycemia remains a major impediment to achieving target glycemic control in youth, targets that have recently been tightened. Equally, data suggests fear of hypoglycemia is the major impediment to participation in regular daily exercise in T1DM. Recent advances in insulin delivery systems and in real time continuous glucose monitoring have improved care for youth with T1DM, allowing safer participation in exercise programs. The impending development and approval of "closed loop" insulin delivery systems (the artificial pancreas) holds great promise for the safe participation in exercise for all youth with T1DM.

The association between intradialytic exercise and hospital usage among hemodialysis patients.

Hemodialysis (HD) patients have high hospitalization rates. Benefits of intradialytic exercise have been proven in numerous studies yet exercise programs are still rarely used in the treatment of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Our objective was to determine if there was an association between a 6-month intradialytic bicycling program and hospitalization rates and length of stay (LOS) in ESKD patients. This was a retrospective cohort study that took place 6 months prior to and 6 months during an intradialtyic exercise program at an outpatient HD unit in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Participants comprised 102 patients who had commenced HD <6 months (incident) or >6 months (prevalent) prior to starting exercise. The intervention comprised a 6-month intradialytic bicycling program. Main outcome measures were hospitalization rate, cause of hospitalization, and LOS. Patients were predominantly male (67.6%) aged 65.6 ± 13.5 years and median HD vintage 1 year (range: 0-12). Comorbidities included diabetes mellitus (50%) and cardiac disease (38.2%). The hospitalization incidence rate ratio (IRR) was 0.48 (0.23-0.98; P = 0.04) in incident and 0.89 (0.56-1.42; P = 0.64) in prevalent patients. The LOS decreased from 7.8 (95% confidence interval (CI): 7.3-8.4) to 3.1 (95% CI: 2.8-3.4) days and LOS IRR was 0.39 (0.35-0.45; P < 0.001). The main predictors of hospitalization were lower albumin levels (P = 0.007) and lack of intradialytic exercise program participation (P < 0.001). In conclusion, 6 months of intradialytic exercise was associated with decreased LOS in both incident and prevalent HD patients.

Health Behavior Change Counseling in Surgery for Degenerative Lumbar Spinal Stenosis. Part I: Improvement in Rehabilitation Engagement and Functional Outcomes

ObjectiveTo examine whether a brief motivational interviewing [MI]–based health behavior change counseling (HBCC) intervention increased patient participation in physical therapy and/or home exercise programs (HEPs), reduced disability, and improved health status after surgery for degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis. DesignProspective clinical trial. SettingAcademic medical center. ParticipantsFrom December 2009 through August 2012, consecutive patients (N=122) underwent surgery for degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis and, based on enrollment date, were prospectively assigned to a control (n=59) or HBCC intervention (n=63) group in a prospective, lagged-control clinical trial. InterventionsBrief MI-based HBCC versus attention control. Main Outcome MeasuresRehabilitation participation (primary); disability and health status (secondary). Therapists assessed engagement in, and patients reported attendance at, postoperative rehabilitation (physical therapy and/or HEP). At 3 and 6 months, disability and health status were assessed (Oswestry Disability Index [ODI] and Medical Outcomes Study 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey, version 2 [SF-12v2]) (significance, P<.05). ResultsCompared with controls, HBCC patients had significantly higher rehabilitation engagement (21.20±4.56 vs 23.57±2.71, respectively; P<.001), higher physical therapy (.67±.21 vs .82±.16, respectively; P<.001) and HEP (.65±.23 vs .75±.22, respectively; P=.019) attendance, and better functional outcomes at 3 months (difference: ODI, −10.7±4.4, P=.015; SF-12v2, 6.2±2.2, P=.004) and 6 months (difference: ODI, −12.7±4.8, P=.008; SF-12v2, 8.9±2.4, P<.001). The proportion of the HBCC intervention impact on functional recovery mediated by rehabilitation participation was approximately half at 3 months and one-third at 6 months. ConclusionsHBCC can improve outcomes after spine surgery through improved rehabilitation participation.

성인 여성의 몸 활동 학습 경험을 통한자기인식과 삶의 재구성 : 평생교육 그룹운동 프로그램참여자를 중심으로

본 연구의 목적은 여성이 평생교육을 통한 몸 활동 학습의 과정에서 무엇을 경험하며, 몸 활동 학습의 경험은 여성의 자기인식과 삶에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 밝히는 데 있다. 이를 위해 평생교육기관에서 운영하는 그룹운동 프로그램에 현재 참여하고 있거나 참여 경험이 있는 30대～60대 성인 여성을 대상으로 심층면담을 실시하였다. 연구의 결과, 몸 활동 학습의 경험과 관련하여 다음과 같은 점을 발견할 수 있었다. 첫째, 여성은 몸 활동 학습을 통해 돌봄의 대상을 ‘타자’에서 ‘나’로 전환하였으며, 몸 활동에 ‘몰입’과 ‘집중’함으로써 ‘낯선’ 몸의 느낌과 감각에 귀 기울이는 경험을 하였다. 둘째, 여성은 몸 활동에 대한 소질을 발견하고 몸에 대한 편견과 규범에 균열을 냄으로써 자신의 몸에 대한 지식을 새롭게 구성해 나갔다. 셋째, 여성은 몸 활동 학습을 통해 배움에 대한 호기심과 욕망을 새로운 분야로 점차 확장해 나갔으며, ‘성취’ 제일주의에서 벗어나 ‘여유’를 갖게 되면서 일상을 대하는 눈과 사람을 대하는 자세가 긍정적으로 변화하게 됨을 발견할 수 있었다.

Enjoyment during Exercise Mediates the Effects of an Intervention on Exercise Adherence

Regular participation in physical activity is associated with a variety of health benefits and a reduction in diverse chronic diseases. However, empirical studies have shown that about 50% of the participants in exercise programs drop out during the first six months. One strategy to increase regular physical activity would be to promote positive feelings during exercise. The purposes of this experimental study were a) to investigate whether the affective states can be influenced by specific interventions and b) to link these changes in affective states to exercise adherence. The trainers of the experimental group were instructed to promote positive emotions (e.g. pleasure and fun) during exercise according to specific principles. The trainers of the control group were instructed to comply with the recommendations of the American College of Sports Medicine. 24 participants in the experimental group and 17 participants in the control group were recruited for this study. The results of the repeated measures analyses of variance provide a significant time by group interaction suggesting that participants of the intervention group increased their affective ratings significantly compared to the control group. The results of the hierarchical regression analyses support the hypothesis that the changes in affective ratings related to exercise mediated the effects of intervention on physical activity adherence. This study provides evidence that affective states during exercise can be systematically influenced to increase physical activity adherence. Principles on how to increase positive affective judgments related to exercising can be drawn from this study and eventually be used in order to promote regular physical activity among a large part of the population.

Use of a Neurosensorimotor Reflex Integration Program to Improve Reflex Patterns of Children with Down Syndrome

A novel and non-invasive method for evaluating and improving neurodevelopmental delays in children with Down syndrome was evaluated. Changes in the reflex patterns of children (6 months to 18 years old) (n=54) with Down syndrome were used as objective measures for comparing before and after participation in a Neurosensorimotor Reflex Integration exercise program. Majority number of reflex patterns showed substantial improvement after children’s completion of the exercise program, although not to the level of development comparable to that of children with typical development. This success indicates that the neurodevelopment and overall functioning of Down syndrome children is not static and can be improved with this novel Neurosensorimotor Reflex Integration (NRI) exercise program. This research also show the fact that the changes in reflex patterns happen in children with mild, moderate and severe disabilities on significant level.

DÜZENLİ AEROBİK EGZERSİZ PROGRAMININ ÜNİVERSİTELİ OBEZ KIZ ÖĞRENCİLERİN FİZİKSEL, MOTORİK VE PSİKO-SOSYAL PARAMETRELERİNE ETKİSİ

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of regular aerobic exercise program participation on the physical, motoric and psychosocial developments of obese female university students. The volunteer students who were determined as obese via body mass index (BMI) were randomly distributed to the groups of exercise (EG) and control (CG) and each group consisted of 20 students. The participants of exercise group participated in tae bo aerobic exercise program of 60 minutes, 3 days a week, for 16 weeks. Physicalmotoric measurements (height, body weight, skinfold, body fat percent, BMI, hand-leg-back strength) and psychosocial measurements (satisfaction by the body parts, social physique anxiety, physical self-perception) were administered as pre and post-test. The findings were analyzed by SPSS Statistical Package Program; descriptive statistics (percent, frequency, mean and standard deviation) were given; Wilcoxon Signed Rank and Mann Whitney U tests were used. The results of the study showed that exercise of tae bo affected physical, motoric and psychosocial features of the participants positively

복합운동이 중년 비만여성들의 혈청 지질대사와 Adipocytokine에 미치는 영향

The purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate the effects of 12 weeks exercise program participation on changes in %fat, serum lipid metabolism, leptin and adiponectin concentrations by groups in middle aged women. 20 obese women(above %fat 30) were participated in 12 weeks combined exercise program by exercise types and their %fat, leptin and adiponectin levels were assessed before program(0 week) and after program(12 weeks). Experimental groups were divided into two groups, control group(CG, n=10) and combined exercise group(EG, n=10), respectively. Regularly combined exercise(walking & resistance exercise) performed for 12 weeks. All data were expressed as mean and standard deviation by using SPSS/PC+ program, and to evaluate the differences before and after program groups, data were analyzed by paired t-test(a≤.05) and 2-way ANOVA was performed to examine the differences between groups and within groups by variables. In TC, TG and LDL-C after 12 weeks exercise program was decreased significantly in combined exercise group(p0.05), and in HDL-C after 12 weeks exercise program was increased significantly in combined exercise group(p0.05). In leptin response after 12 weeks exercise was decreased significantly in combined exercise group(p0.05). In adiponectin response after 6 weeks exercise was increased significantly in combined exercise group(p0.05). The change of leptin concentration was statistical significant difference between groups and within groups, and there was significant difference between group × period interaction(p0.01). And the change of adiponectin concentration was statistical significant difference within groups(p0.05). In conclusion, the regular combined(walking & resistance) exercise altered serum lipid metabolism, leptin and adiponectin responses in middle-aged obese women. Leptin and adiponectin responses to exercise training in obese women appear to be associated with body composition(body weight and %fat) alterations and exercise type(aerobic exercise or resistance training).

Exploring the experience of adhering to a prescribed pre-surgical exercise program for patients with advanced rectal cancer: A phenomenological study

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to explore the lived experience of patients with advanced rectal cancer as they attempted to adhere to a prescribed, hospital-based pre-surgical exercise program. Design/MethodsTen patients took part in three semi-structured in-depth interviews prior to (week 0), midway (week 3), and at completion (week 6) of the exercise program. Data were analysed using a phenomenological approach. ResultsMain themes that were deemed important for remaining enrolled in the program included: (1) building camaraderie and peer support, (2) experiencing a sense of structure and control, and (3) feeling safe and encouraged. Patients also reported engaging in further exercise outside the program and feeling motivated to continue exercising in the future. ConclusionsThis study shows the potential to integrate exercise prior to surgery as it was viewed as acceptable and feasible by patients with advanced rectal cancer. Moreover, it provides much needed information into the possible mechanisms that underpin patient's continued participation in exercise programs during treatment for advanced rectal cancer. Prescribed, hospital-based program should be implemented to promote opportunities for exercise and provide on-going supportive care options for patients awaiting surgery.

Barriers to and Facilitators of Access and Participation in Community-Based Exercise Programmes from the Perspective of Adults with Post-stroke Aphasia.

To explore communication-related experiences with accessing and participating in community-based exercise programmes from the perspective of adults with post-stroke aphasia. Adults with mild to severe post-stroke aphasia were recruited from the Aphasia Institute (AI), Toronto, Canada, for a qualitative descriptive study using semi-structured, in-depth one-on-one interviews. Participants were asked to identify facilitators of, barriers to, and strategies for joining and participating in exercise programmes. Interview data were analyzed using conventional content analysis. Ten adults with mild (40%), moderate (40%), or severe (20%) aphasia participated in this study. The majority of participants were men (60%) aged 60-69 years (40%). Participants experienced a combination of communication, environmental, and personal facilitators of and barriers to accessing and participating in community-based exercise programmes. Strategies to enhance participation can be applied at both programme and individual levels. Findings may inform clinical practice and programming to optimize access to and participation in community-based exercise programmes for adults with post-stroke aphasia.

Long-term exercise in older adults: 4-year outcomes of music-based multitask training.

Prospective controlled evidence supporting the efficacy of long-term exercise to prevent physical decline and reduce falls in old age is lacking. The present study aimed to assess the effects of long-term music-based multitask exercise (i.e., Jaques-Dalcroze eurhythmics) on physical function and fall risk in older adults. A 3-year follow-up extension of a 1-year randomized controlled trial (NCT01107288) was conducted in Geneva (Switzerland), in which 134 community-dwellers aged ≥65 years at increased risk of falls received a 6-month music-based multitask exercise program. Four years following original trial enrolment, 52 subjects (baseline mean ± SD age, 75 ± 8 years) who (i) have maintained exercise program participation through the 4-year follow-up visit ("long-term intervention group", n = 23) or (ii) have discontinued participation following original trial completion ("control group", n = 29) were studied. They were reassessed in a blind fashion, using the same procedures as at baseline. At 4 years, linear mixed-effects models showed significant gait (gait speed, P = 0.006) and balance (one-legged stance time, P = 0.015) improvements in the long-term intervention group, compared with the control group. Also, long-term intervention subjects did better on Timed Up & Go, Five-Times-Sit-to-Stand and handgrip strength tests, than controls (P < 0.05, for all comparisons). Furthermore, the exercise program reduced the risk of falling (relative risk, 0.69; 95% confidence interval, 0.5-0.9; P = 0.008). These findings suggest that long-term maintenance of a music-based multitask exercise program is a promising strategy to prevent age-related physical decline in older adults. They also highlight the efficacy of sustained long-term adherence to exercise for falls prevention.

Relevance of Physical Activity in the Treatment and Prevention of Mild and Severe Mental Health Problems

Mental illness whether mild or severe is a serious psychological health related problem which must be given great attention in our society today. That the accumulation of some of these psychosomatic disturbances such as stress, anxiety, depression, phobia, emotional problems and mild mental illness must have resulted to these mental health. In order to reduce, prevent and treat these mental disorders physical activity is a necessary antidote. Therefore, successful participation in exercise programmes can lead to improvement in mood and ability to deal with these emotional deviations. Emotional bottled up can cause aggravated mental ill-health. Regular exercises particularly on recreational basis can take care of all these steps towards the achievement of a good mental health.

운동프로그램 참가빈도가 성인여성의 체력 및 심혈관질환 위험 인자에 미치는 영향

운동프로그램 참가빈도가 성인여성의 체력 및 심혈관질환 위험 인자에 미치는 영향

Long-Term Participation in Peer-Led Fall Prevention Classes Predicts Lower Fall Incidence

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between length of participation in Steady As You Go (SAYGO) peer-led fall prevention exercise classes for older adults and 12-month fall incidence. DesignTwelve-month prospective cohort study. SettingCommunity settings. ParticipantsOlder adults (N=207; 189 women, 18 men) aged ≥65y (mean age ± SD, 77.7±6.6y) actively participating in SAYGO classes. InterventionPeer-led fall prevention exercise classes. Main Outcome MeasuresTwelve-month prospective fall incidence data were collected by monthly calendars. Falls in the previous year and number of years of SAYGO participation were obtained by baseline questionnaire. Class attendance was monitored weekly by class attendance records. ResultsMean length ± SD of SAYGO participation was 4.3±2.5 years (range, 1–10y). Average class attendance was 69%. Crude fall rate was .75 per person-year. Fall incidences at 12 and 24 months were highly correlated (r=.897, P<.001). Longer SAYGO participation (≥3y) resulted in a lower 12-month fall incidence (incidence rate ratio, .90; 95% confidence interval, .82–.99; P=.03) compared with a shorter duration of participation (1–2y). ConclusionsSAYGO appears to be an effective fall prevention intervention with a high attendance rate and a lower fall incidence with long-term participation. Prospective controlled studies on long-term participation in peer-led fall prevention exercise programs are needed to confirm and extend these findings.

Objective benefits, participant perceptions and retention rates of a New Zealand community-based, older-adult exercise programme

Most exercise studies for older adults have been university- or hospital-based. Little is known about the benefits and factors influencing long-term participation in community-based exercise programmes, especially in New Zealand. To quantify the objective benefits, participant perceptions and retention rates of a New Zealand community-based exercise programme for adults (60 years or older). Study 1 involved assessing the benefits of 12 weeks' training on a convenience sample of 62 older adults commencing the never2old Active Ageing programme. Study 2 assessed the perceptions of 150 current participants on a variety of programme components that could act as barriers or facilitators to continued engagement. Study 3 assessed the retention rates of 264 participants in the programme over a two-year period. Significant improvements in many physical functional scores were observed in Study 1 (5-30 percentile points; p<0.05). Questionnaire responses from participants in Study 2 indicated many perceived benefits (positive responses from 67-95% on various questions) and that core components of the programme were rated very highly (64-99% on various components). Retention rates were high, with Study 3 finding 57% of participants still engaging in the programme at the end of the two-year period. A community-based exercise programme for older adults can improve many objective and subjective measures of physical fitness and functional performance and have good retention rates. General practitioners and other allied health professionals in New Zealand should consider promoting programmes, such as the never2old Active Ageing programme, to their older patients.

Patients' perceptions of quality of life during active treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer: the importance of preoperative exercise

The purpose of this longitudinal study was to explore advanced rectal cancer patients' perceptions of quality of life (QoL) during participation in a pre-surgery structured exercise program. Patients (n = 10) participated in repeated semi-structured in-depth interviews which covered four broad QoL domains (i.e., physical, psychological, social, and spiritual well-being). Patients' personal accounts of QoL were explored prior to (0weeks), midway (3weeks), and at completion (6weeks) of the program. Data were analyzed using strategies grounded in a phenomenological approach. Participation in the program facilitated positive changes in QoL over time by (1) fostering a greater sense of vitality, (2) cultivating a positive attitude, (3) enhancing social connections, and (4) fostering a strong sense of purpose in life for these patients. Based on these data, preoperative exercise programs can be effective in promoting QoL among patients diagnosed and treated for locally advanced rectal cancer during a particularly difficult time in the cancer trajectory. Additional research is needed to develop and evaluate implementation strategies to facilitate the delivery of preoperative exercise programs as part of routine care in this population.

Effects of participation in popular weight loss and fitness programs on insulin and leptin in women

100 sedentary women (46±11 yr, 45.8±5% body fat, 35.2±5 kg/m2) were randomized to participate in a no diet or exercise control group (C) or the Curves Complete® 90‐day Challenge (CC), Weight Watchers® Points Plus (WW), Jenny Craig® (JC), or Nutrisystem® Advance Select™ (NS) weight loss programs for 12‐wks. Participants in the diet groups were encouraged to exercise (WW, JC, NS) while those in the CC group participated in a structured circuit‐style resistance training (3 d/wk) and walking (3 d/wk) program. Fasting blood samples were obtained at 0, 4, 8, &amp; 12 wks. Changes from baseline to 12‐wks intervention for fasting insulin, the glucose to insulin ratio, homeostatic model assessment (HOMA), and leptin were analyzed by one‐way ANOVA. Participants in the CC group tended to experience greater changes in fasting insulin (C 0.8±6.9; CC −7.5±14; WW − 2.9±8.1; JC −3.8±6.3; NS −1.2±8.3 uIU/ml, p=0.10), the glucose to insulin ratio (C −1.3±4.1; CC 7.0±14; WW 3.3±5.4; JC 4.8±7.4; NS −6.0±21, p=0.01), HOMA (C 0.1±1.6; CC −2.3±4.4; WW − 0.8±1.7; JC −1.0±1.9; NS −0.4±2.2, p=0.07) and leptin (C 4.3±16; CC −17.9±21; WW −13.0±16; JC −12.2±25; NS −3.5±26 ng/ml, p=0.03) compared to some of the other diet and exercise interventions. Results indicate that participation in different diet and exercise programs may have variable effects on markers of insulin resistance and leptin.