Participant Observation Study Research Articles

“Clown Children” Quo Vadis Guarantee Education for Children with Special Needs in the Era of Covid-19

This paper aims to analyze education guarantees for children with special needs (ABK) in the Covid-19 era. The focus of the study is the phenomenon of crew members clowning on the streets of Medan City. The theory used in analyzing the data is the theory of implementation of Merilee S. Grindle's policies. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data was collected using an open interview technique, participant observation, and documentation study. Furthermore, the data were analyzed through data reduction techniques, data display, and concluding. This study indicates that the North Sumatra government has been very responsive to inclusive education for children with special needs in the region.This is indicated by two things, namely (1) the declaration of North Sumatra as the Province of Inclusive Education since 2015 and (2) the issuance of the Governor of North Sumatra No. 29 of 2016 concerning the Implementation of Inclusive Education as a follow-up to Permendiknas Number 70 of 2009.

Supply chain management ambidexterity and incumbent-startup collaborations

Today’s digital age has created the need for the transformation of incumbent firms. It requires them to explore novel opportunities, while continuing to exploit their existing ones. One way is to open the innovation path to outside firms. The automotive industry is already well known for its use of suppliers as a source of innovation. But, while maintaining their traditional partnerships with tier-1 suppliers, many automotive firms have implemented startup programs to gain access to and collaborate with small and innovative firms. As part of a 30-month participant-observation study in an incumbent automotive company we conducted a multiple case study research of 5 startup cooperations of the incumbent. In this study, we observed the use of different forms of ambidexterity within the incumbent and across its divisions in an attempt to balance their exploration and exploitation activities. The organizational structure suggests that the research and development (R&D) division uses structural ambidexterity to leverage the innovations coming from their startup collaborations. The purchasing and supply chain management (PSM) division on the other hand, as an important facilitator for all R&D cooperations, is characterized by contextual ambidexterity. Our case studies however show, that each startup project is characterized by a different combination of ambidexterity approaches by the R&D and PSM Division. We extend the ambidexterity literature by showing the different effects and challenges of combining structural and contextual ambidexterity have on startup-incumbent collaborations.

The Implementation of Sharia Marketing Communication in The Muslim Fashion E-Commerce in Indonesia

This research aimed to analyze the implementation of muamalah provisions based on Islamic law in Muslim fashion e-commerce. The case study method was utilized to achieve the objective. The theoretical approach used is marketing communication management in Islam. The research was conducted at HIJUP.COM, the first and largest Muslim fashion e-commerce in Indonesia. The data collection techniques used in this study were written documentation, digital data archive records, in-depth and focused interviews, participant observation, physical devices, and literature study. Seven informants consisted of experts and practitioners of e-commerce, sharia marketing communication, and religious leaders selected through a purposive sampling technique. The results proved that e-commerce transactions followed the general selling and purchasing contract in Islamic law. Ideally, the implementation process includes four characteristics of sharia marketing, that is Theistic (Al-Rabbaniyah), Ethical (Al-Akhlaqiyah), Realistic (Al-Waqiah), and Humanistic (Al-Insaniyah). Obstacles in implementing sharia marketing communication included the low level of understanding and kaffah and the creative processes that must be smarter because it includes two dimensions, business and the hereafter.

URGENSI PEMBINAAN KARAKTER RELIGIUS BAGI MUALAF DI KOTA SINGKAWANG

Abstract: The development of religious character for converts is very important so that their Islamic faith becomes perfect (kāffah). Perfection is marked by leaving the old religious teachings and practicing Islamic teachings in the fields of faith, worship, morals, muamalah, being able to read and memorize the verses of the Qur'an. This study is intended to answer the question: Why is religious character building needed for converts in Singkawang City? This problem is studied through qualitative field research. Research location as a source of data through free interviews, structured interviews, participant observation, and documentation study. All data were analyzed using a case study approach with descriptive-analytical techniques because: the research problem is holistic, complicated and interpretive. This study shows that: The development of religious character for converts in Singkawang City needs to be done because the status of converts itself requires guidance because converts are people who leave their ingrained beliefs, religions and life behaviors and replace them with religions that are already ingrained. new namely Islam; because of the problems of converts that need to be resolved, because converts after becoming Muslims encounter many problems, not only religious problems, converts also encounter various other problems including negative responses from family, insults, isolation to conflicts and acts of violence from family members, it is still difficult. abandoning some of the traditions and aspects of their old religious teachings, as well as Islamic religious guidance that they have not yet received maximally; to meet the needs of converts; and to demonstrate a brotherly commitment. Keywords: Development, Character, Religious, Converts

Anti-Colonialism in Global Health Grant Applications: A Single-Site, Participant-Observation-Based Assessment

Background/Rationale: Anti-colonialism in global health aims to eliminate colonial power imbalances inherent in Western scholar-driven work. Central to anti-colonial global health are more equitable grant application processes, particularly within NIH’s Fogarty International Center (FIC), a global arm of the largest public biomedical research funder. Hypothesis or Research Question: How do NIH grant application processes drive/impede efforts to conduct anti-colonial global health research? Study Design/Methods: While interning at a nonprofit focused on one South Asian country, I employed participant-observation approach working on two NIH grant applications. Participant-observation included participating in literature reviews, application writing, team meetings, and reflections, and observing team structure and meeting flow. Nonprofit identity, application contents, and country of study are anonymized to protect confidentiality. Results: All meetings were conducted in English. The team defined application success as being awarded NIH funding. Team leaders demonstrated familiarity with NIH, either through receipt of prior funding, or past selection committee membership. I observed team leaders leverage these experiences to highlight factors believed to increase our likelihood for success. Team leaders focused on curating the application team before finalizing grant content, and sought team members satisfying two forms of expertise: subject-matter and geospatial-context. Observing individual roles and contributions, I determined that subject-matter expertise was typically filled by widely-cited scholars affiliated with US-based institutions with previous NIH funding; geospatial-context expertise was typically filled by scholars from the country of study, familiar with on-the-ground realities. Conclusions/Future Plans: Based on this single-site participant-observation study, NIH FIC grant processes simultaneously drive and impede anti-colonial efforts in funding applications. Prioritizing geospatial-context expertise serves as an anti-colonial force by strengthening cultural competence and increasing LMIC-based-scholar representation. Observed barriers to even broader LMIC-based-scholar representation include language and use of prior NIH funding receipt and publication count as proxies for subject-matter expertise.

ISLAMIC EDUCATION LEADERSHIP IN BUILDING TOLERANCE OF RELIGIOUS LIFE IN BALUN VILLAGE, TURI SUB-DISTRICT, LAMONGAN DISTRICT

The research objective is to describe, analyze, and interpret the type of Islamic education leadership in building religious tolerance, the role of Islamic education in building tolerance in religious life, Islamic education leadership models in building tolerance of religious life. This study uses a qualitative approach to the type of phenomenology. Data collection was carried out through in-depth interviews, participant observation and documentation study. Determination of informants was carried out using purposive sampling and snowball sampling techniques. The data analysis technique uses the interactive model analysis technique of Miles and Huberman. While the data validity test technique used triangulation technique. The results of the study answered the focus that the type of Islamic education leadership in building religious tolerance is collaborative-paternalistic-democratic. The paternalistic type referred to is the type of leadership that is fatherly, protective, and educational. Meanwhile, the democratic type is meant to treat everyone equally and to provide opportunities for diverse and diverse communities to actively participate in realizing a harmonious and peaceful religious life. This type of leadership is characterized by the following characters of religious leaders: a) Promoting tolerance and togetherness; b) Protecting; c) Prioritizing human dignity. The role of the leadership of Islamic education in building tolerance in religious life is as: a) religious experts; b) role models in behavior; c) As well as Mediators. Religious leaders carry out a leadership mechanism in maintaining the socio-cultural system that has survived for decades. Some changes are evolutive. However, for decades, the values of togetherness, harmony and tolerance have been substantively maintained by society. This is inseparable from the leadership role of religious leaders who are united in being committed to maintaining harmony and peace between religious communities. The leadership model of Islamic education is transformational-internal-collective. The transformational leadership model is characterized by several patterns of behavior as follows: a) Implanting trust; b) Civilizing art; c) Maintaining tradition; d) Educating and guiding; and e) Maintaining effective communication. Religious leaders carry out their leadership duties collectively. This means that religious leaders collaborate collegial on it collectively to become joint leaders between religious communities who carry out a common vision of realizing harmonious and harmonious daily lives of citizens. Religious leaders provide charisma, inspiration, intellectual stimulation, and individual consideration that are oriented towards inter-religious harmony by harmonizing religious values while applying the principles of leadership Rasulullah’s style, so that they can manifest themselves as caliphs on earth, who are always committed to carrying out benefit.

Exploring the first experiences of computer programming of older people with low levels of formal education: A participant observational case study

Computer programming is widely regarded as a key skill in the 21st century. Yet, and despite a growing aging population and interest in promoting computer programming for all, research on this topic with older people (60+) is scant in the Human-Computer Interaction literature. This paper presents a qualitative case study aimed to explore the first experiences of computer programming of a group of older active computer users with low levels of educational attainment (i.e., primary school / K-12). Over a 6-month period, we provided a hands-on introduction to several textual and visual programming languages and environments to (N = 29) older and adult people in three courses in an adult educational center. We reveal and explain relevant factors that shape, and help us understand, the participants’ computer programming learning experiences, including their motivations, difficulties, and identity, along with strategies that hindered and fostered empowerment. Implications for research and design are discussed.

Turning rules into practices: An inside-out approach to understanding the implementation of sustainability standards

While sustainability standards promise better labor and environmental conditions, changes in actual practice occur inconsistently. Existing literature has explained this mainly through focusing on structures and mechanisms that originate from outside producers' organizations. This paper instead examines the intraorganizational process by which rules turn into practices on the ground. It offers an inside-out approach that draws on data from an eight-month participant observation study of certified agricultural commodity producers in Brazil. The key finding of this paper is that rules get turned into practices through discovering and cultivating a practice ecosystem in which certified producers in the Global South learn to implement new practices through a self-guided, two-step discovery process. First, they must discover how to build and integrate the elements of a practice; second, they must discover how to support the internalization of this practice. Further, adjacent practices—those alongside the ones that need to be integrated—are pivotal in determing whether producers succeed in building new practices. This paper contributes to the literature on sustainable commodity governance and to organizational theories of practice adaptation. It shows that sustainable commodity governance depends not only on external structures and mechanisms, but also, equally importantly, on the internal organizational mechanisms for new practices to take hold.

TOURISM AND ITS LIFE-WORLD IMPACT ON WOMEN: AN ETHNOGRAPHIC CASE STUDY OF AGONDA

Tourism as a flourishing industry in Goa has exposed local population particularly women to many new changes in their lifestyle,jobs,entertainment,social life,social relationships,cultural transitions,political leadership,economic stability. Agonda,a quintessential village with crystal clear beaches used to be a quiet and secluded village till the early 90's with few tourists visiting the village, until it became a beaming tourist destination with the development of five star hotels, shacks, huts, entertainment clubs and fancy restaurants. This paper sets out to analyze the impact of tourism on local women in Agonda,and in doing so highlights the shift from traditional occupations to the exposure to a modernized job market and the emancipation and empowerment it has brought about in the lives of local women. This study aims at looking at the conflicting roles, inclusions and exclusions that operate in a local women's life because of the impact of tourism and looks at how the 'tourist gaze' has an impact on the lives of these women. The study is based on the lived experiences of the local women in Agonda, and one of the researcher being a local resident of this village has used methods such as participant observation and case study method to collect data on the lived experiences of the local women and the transitions seen in the lives of these women by the local population in general.The literature will aim at demonstrating the effects of tourism on the local woman and in doing so will bring out the changes and challenges that have not been given importance in the life of local women.

“Don’t They Know How Important It Is?”

The paper comes out of a month-long case study of information literacy education in two public libraries in a small South African town in the rural province of Mpumalanga, undertaken in October 2004. The participant observation study is the second phase of a twophase mixed methods study, which explores the capacity of public libraries in South Africa for information literacy education – in the context of the dire shortage of school libraries. The focus in the second phase is on the connections between public libraries and schools. However, the relations between the two libraries and their staff members are found to impact on these relations - with the study finding that historical context impacts significantly on library programming. The paper concentrates, however, on just two threads of enquiry: the views of teachers and principals in the seven schools of the town on the educational role of libraries as revealed in interviews; and pupils’ use of the two public libraries in seeking information for their school assignments. The study reveals a lack of cognizance of the high level demands of information-seeking in libraries among the teachers. They tend to see the library as a warehouse from which things are “fetched”. The study finds a paradox – a gulf certainly exists between the public libraries and schools but the gulf comes from shared limited conceptions of the educational role of public libraries and of information literacy. The intense gaze of the participant observation contributes a nuanced understanding of the challenges for information literacy education in South Africa.

Tax Avoidance on Poultry Business Owners in Blitar Regency, East Java Province

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are expected to be able to contribute to state revenue through tax sectors. The purpose of this study is to determine a profile of poultry business, meaning of tax compliance for poultry business owners, tax avoidance of poultry business owners, and to determine efforts to overcome tax avoidance behavior in poultry business owners in the regency of Blitar. The nature of this study is a qualitative or naturalistic paradigm with a phenomenological approach; Hussrel's transcendental phenomenology involving three interviews. We also interviewed with one tax officer from the tax office. The data were collected from interviews, participant observation, and documentation study. The data were analyzed by descriptions with Hussrel's transcendental phenomenological approach, namely Intentional Analysis, Epoche, and Eidetic Reduction. Data validation was carried out by several triangulation techniques. The results show that the poultry businesses are MSMEs that fall into the medium business category and are the main source of income for the owners. Though they are aware of tax and their obligations, their level of tax compliance remains low. The business owners are aware of tax avoidance, even doing so by reducing the tax payments through tax planning. Thus, efforts should be made to discourage tax avoidance.

Chicken noodle night: conviviality, resilience, and food at the Vinland Fair

ABSTRACT This participant-observation study examines the intersection of food, community resilience, and conviviality in a tiny, aging, but vibrant fair in NE Kansas. Vinland Valley is a town halfway between Lawrence and Baldwin City, southwest of Kansas City. Vinland’s population has never grown significantly beyond the size of its founding membership, and this stagnation resulted in its official un-incorporation in the 1980s. The Vinland Fair, however, remains the oldest, continuously running fair in Kansas and a vital community practice that exhibits the resilience and conviviality still present, though rare, throughout the rural US Midwest. On a Thursday through Saturday each August, a couple hundred residents of Vinland and the surrounding area gather in the otherwise vacant Vinland Fairgrounds. While this research is interested in food presented at the fair, we are particularly interested in food eaten at the fair. We examine the three shared meals repeated every year: pork-burger night, chicken noodle night, and brisket night (each comes with pie). This research explores the intersections of food and eating in the place of Vinland at the oldest fair in Kansas to better understand community resilience in the flagging small towns of the Midwest.

A co-twin-control analysis of adolescent and young adult drinking effects on learning and memory.

Existing evidence for a link between alcohol use and memory impairments in adolescents and young adults is largely correlational. We aimed to determine whether associations between drinking and episodic memory were consistent with a causal effect of drinking or accounted for by familial factors confounding such associations. Because cannabis use is associated with a similar pattern of performance on episodic memory measures, we assessed whether any associations might be attributable to concurrent cannabis use. Observational study of individuals aged approximately 20-29years, comprising two independent population-based cohorts of twins. A co-twin-control design permitted an estimate of alcohol exposure effects free of shared genetic and environmental confounding influences. Significant associations were followed-up with twin-difference analyses. Propensity scores derived from measures collected at age 11 were used to adjust for unshared confounders. Participants in both cohorts were assessed from the age of 11 (n=1251) under the auspices of the Minnesota Center for Twin and Family Research. Regression analyses with cumulative alcohol use as the predictor of interest. Multiple measures of attention, learning and memory from a widely used episodic memory task constituted dependent variables. Drinking was associated with poorer attention (P≤0.003) and learning (P≤0.008). Results were similar across the two cohorts. The within-pair effect in twin-difference analyses was significant only for measures of learning (P-values ≤ 0.004). Results were not due to measured unshared confounders or cannabis use. Drinking in adolescence (to age 20) and early adulthood (between 20 and 29) exerted independent effects on learning. There appears to be a robust and specific association between drinking and learning that can be reproduced across cohorts, is not easily accounted for by confounding factors or concurrent cannabis use and is consistent with a causal influence of drinking.

Rawa Pening and the Surrounding: A Study of Environmental Determinism

Rawa Pening Lake is one of the landscapes in Semarang Regency. The existence of the lake has social, cultural, and economic impacts on the people who live around it, giving rise to a pattern of relationships between humans and nature. The relationship pattern between Lake Rawa Pening and the surrounding community is studied in terms of environmental determinism, that the environment shapes the culture and characteristics of the surrounding society Environmental determinism provides a scientific foundation to see how society lives and to see the society's mindset that is formed as a result of the pattern of human relations with nature. This research also focuses on the community's meaning of Lake Rawa Pening. The method used in this research is qualitative and data collection techniques with in-depth interviews, participant observation, documentation, and literature study. The research was conducted in Bejalen Village, Ambarawa District, Semarang Regency. The results of interviews and literature studies show that there are several patterns of community relations with Lake Rawa Pening such as livelihoods by region, livelihood by groups, work equipment, local knowledge, and traditions

Remote Pilot Situational Awareness with Augmented Reality Glasses: An Observational Field Study

With the use of small unmanned aerial systems (sUAS) proliferating throughout industry and public safety, it is imperative to ensure safety of flight. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) published regulations for commercial use of sUAS in 2016 and included the requirement to maintain visual line-of-sight with the aircraft at all times. However, due to the nature of the sUAS ground control stations (GCS), remote pilots time-share between observing the aircraft and interacting with the display on the GCS. Time-sharing between the aircraft and GCS can be seen as similar to the cross-check a pilot uses when flying a manned aircraft. While manned aircraft designers have invested in the ergonomics and understanding of the cognitive process to optimize situational awareness, it has not been a design requirement for sUAS. The result is that the unmanned operator must change head orientation, eye focus, and remove the aircraft from peripheral vision during the cross-check between the GCS and aircraft. This, coupled with the limited field of view of the sUAS GCS displayed camera, leads to loss of situational awareness through task saturation, and misprioritization. Mixed reality, virtual reality, and augmented reality visual devices are being adopted in the gaming and technical world. The application of these devices to the sUAS GCS could mitigate some of the degradation of situational awareness. Specifically, the incorporation of augmented reality devices where a synthetic display is overlaid on the real-world, allows the remote pilot to observe the aircraft, manipulate the camera, and interact with the GCS without changing head position. This participant observational study evaluated the difference between the remote pilot cross-check while flying with a typical GCS display and when flying with an augmented reality headset in a field setting. The results indicate a significant difference between the pilot’s crosscheck when using augmented reality glasses allowing the pilot to maintain the aircraft in their field of view 56.7% of the time compared to 20.5% when not using the glasses.

YOUNG WOMEN DIGITAL COMPETENCE IN USING THE INTERNET IN SURABAYA

The growth in the number of netizens is now the impact of increasingly easy internet penetration and high penetration of social media that is easily accessed via smartphone gadgets. Research conducted by Candrasari (2016) states that female internet users cannot be separated from their social media. Within a day of 2-3 hours, his time is spent accessing digital media. Therefore digital competencies are needed for girls to avoid the negative effects of the internet. The purpose of this study is to get a picture of the competence of adolescent girls. Digital competence is a form of using technology safely and critically to facilitate work, get entertainment and to communicate (E. Encabo & Murcia, J: 2011: 166). This research was conducted on adolescent girls in Surabaya with qualitative research methods. Data obtained through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and literature studies. The results of the study indicate that the digital competence of adolescent girls is still not good, especially in the categories of skills using the internet, information management and responsibility for using internet which is still low. Only in the category of communication and sharing digital competence of young women is good

Assessment of Prevalence and Cost of Care Cascades After Routine Testing During the Medicare Annual Wellness Visit

For healthy adults, routine testing during annual check-ups is considered low value and may trigger cascades of medical services of unclear benefit. It is unknown how often routine tests are performed during Medicare annual wellness visits (AWVs) or whether they are associated with cascades of care. To estimate the prevalence of routine electrocardiograms (ECGs), urinalyses, and thyrotropin tests and of cascades (further tests, procedures, visits, hospitalizations, and new diagnoses) that might follow among healthy adults receiving AWVs. Observational cohort study using fee-for-service Medicare claims data from beneficiaries aged 66 years and older who were continuously enrolled in fee-for-service Medicare between January 1, 2013, and March 31, 2015; received an AWV in 2014; had no test-relevant prior conditions; did not receive 1 of the 3 tests in the 6 months before the AWV; and had no test-relevant symptoms or conditions in the AWV testing period. Data were analyzed from February 13, 2019, to June 8, 2020. Receipt of a given test within 1 week before or after the AWV. Prevalence of routine tests during AWVs and cascade-attributable event rates and associated spending in the 90 days following the AWV test period. Patient, clinician, and area-level characteristics associated with receiving routine tests were also assessed. Among 75 275 AWV recipients (mean [SD] age, 72.6 [6.1] years; 48 107 [63.9%] women), 18.6% (14 017) received at least 1 low-value test including an ECG (7.2% [5421]), urinalysis (10.0% [7515]), or thyrotropin test (8.7% [6534]). Patients were more likely to receive a low-value test if they were younger (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.69 for ages 66-74 years vs ages ≥85 years [95% CI, 1.53-1.86]), White (aOR, 1.32 compared with Black [95% CI, 1.16-1.49]), lived in urban areas (aOR, 1.29 vs rural [95% CI, 1.15-1.46]), and lived in high-income areas (aOR, 1.26 for >400% of the federal poverty level vs <200% of the federal poverty level [95% CI, 1.16-1.37]). A total of 6.1 (95% CI, 4.8-7.5) cascade-attributable events per 100 beneficiaries occurred in the 90 days following routine ECGs and 5.4 (95% CI, 4.2-6.5) following urinalyses, with cascade-attributable cost per beneficiary of $9.62 (95% CI, $6.43-$12.80) and $7.46 (95% CI, $5.11-$9.81), respectively. No cascade-attributable events or costs were found to be associated with thyrotropin tests. In this study, 19% of healthy Medicare beneficiaries received routine low-value ECGs, urinalyses, or thyrotropin tests during their AWVs, more often those who were younger, White, and lived in urban, high-income areas. ECGs and urinalyses were associated with cascades of modest but notable cost.

Sport Karate and the Pursuit of Wellness: A Participant Observation Study of a dojo in Scotland.

Health problems in society are numerous, not least stress and stress-related illness. Physical activities, including martial arts, are increasingly viewed as a means of managing such risks to health. While there are forms of karate that have a philosophical and meditative character that is related to spiritual wellness, karate as a competitive sport is less likely to be thought of in this light. The purpose of this paper is to present through a participant observation study the representations that karateka of the dojo, make of sportive karate as a resource to achieve wellness. Drawing on an eight months' immersion in the dojo, we identify five themes that express these karateka's views of sport karate and wellness, the importance of fitness, beauty in punches and kicks, how to embrace fear, the aggressive attitude as a posture in life, and the superiority given by control. The findings lead us to reflect on the need for further research to see if they are repeated in other martial arts, and if many more groups find wellness as a primary motivation for their participation.

Gênero e sexualidade na escola em tempos de globalização: perspectivas e culturas adolescentes no Pantanal de Mato Grosso do Sul

As masculinidades e feminilidades, identidades de gênero e sexualidades expressas pelos adolescentes na atualidade, demandam atenção e refinamento científico para a formação de professores no debate sobre as novas culturas e expressões sociais latentes. Essa discussão vem aproximando pesquisadores e áreas interdisciplinares, ampliando as epistemologias e diálogos sociais nas áreas de educação, saúde e direitos humanos. A proposição de conhecer aspectos e culturas em gênero, sexualidade e diversidade, traz a triangulação de métodos para a pesquisa qualitativa, os desenhos exploratórios sobre as temáticas, considerando os desafios para coleta de dados, observação participante e análises transversais sobre as representações adolescentes. O pano de fundo apresenta um experimento em educação e saúde numa escola de ensino médio no Pantanal de Mato Grosso do Sul e suas reverberações na graduação em Pedagogia na Universidade. Os resultados se apresentam no momento em que discutimos a necessidade de a escola mediar o conhecimento acerca dessas temáticas, bem como a necessária formação docente em gênero, sexualidade e diversidade.

“EXACTLY WHAT I NEEDED FOR A GOOD NIGHT’S REST”: TRANSACTIONAL TINGLES AND ASMR AS EMERGING MEDIA GENRE

ASMR, or Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response, has become an international phenomenon. But what exactly ASMR is remains misunderstood. ASMR itself is a relatively new term, coined by scientists in 2010, but it describes an age-old feeling: the sensation of tingling on the scalp and spine. Biologically, it has been compared to fission or paresthesia. ASMRtists refer to this feeling as tingles. To this end, this research is informed by the results of a three-year long participant observation and ethnographic study in YouTube’s ASMR community in order to analyze ASMR as an emerging media genre. I argue ASMR is best understood as a genre, situated between the varying content possibilities of the text and the specific affordances of YouTube. By analyzing the relationship between platform governance, algorithms, monetization, care, and creativity, I identify a key component of the ASMR genre as transactional tingles. I define transactional tingles as the interaction between ASMRtist and viewer, in which the viewer receives a form of relaxation in exchange for clicks, likes, and views in the internet’s attention economy. , ASMR and transactional tingles have more in common with the artist/patron system of the Renaissance era or the Kickstarter campaigns of the twenty-first century, in which entertainers draw on their audiences for financial support. The culmination of my ethnography was the announcement of the ASMR app, Zees, which shows how creators harness the affordances of participatory culture to push the boundaries of genres while maintaining committed to the key principles for creator and viewer.