Partial Substitution Research Articles

Rheological and mechanical behavior study of eco-friendly cement mortar made with marble powder

The work aim is to investigate the rheological and mechanical behavior of eco-friendly mortar made with marble powder. Marble have used as sand by total substitution of natural sand and as additional materials by partial substitution of cement. Firstly, rheological tests were carried out on the cement pastes in order to studying the effect of cement substitution by marble powder on the rheological behavior. Secondly, our study is devoted to evaluate the mechanical performances (flexural strength, compressive strength, mechanical behavior and ultrasonic pulse velocity) of a fluid mortar such as the case of the self-compacting mortars elaborated with the marble powder as addition materials and as a sand. The mechanical test results show that a significantly improved of compressive strength and mechanical behavior of an ecological cement mortar made with marble waste as a natural sand. However, marble-based mortars with 100% of marble sand have given a mechanical strength similar to that obtained by control cement mortar (100% natural sand). It was also noted that it can be obtained an ecological cement mortar made with 30% of marble powder as an addition supplementary materials. This leads to a reduction in cement consumption cad a reduction in CO2 gas emissions caused by cement production.

Wholegrain triticale sourdough: Effects of triticale:Wheat flour ratio and hydration level on bread quality.

Triticale (×Triticosecale) is a hybrid between wheat (Triticum spp.) and rye (Secale cereale), producing higher grain yields than wheat in challenging environments. Triticale grain is also highly nutritious. Thus, the potential of triticale grain for an expanded range of food applications should be explored. Sourdough bread has unique functional and nutritional properties, but understanding the effects of partial substitution of triticale for wheat flour and varying levels of dough moisture content on sourdough quality requires further research. The aim of this study was to evaluate the wholegrain flour of contrasting triticale cultivars in comparison to that of a common wheat cultivar in commercial sourdough breadmaking. Two triticale cultivars (Goanna and Hawkeye, selected from a panel of Australian genotypes) and one wheat cultivar (Scout) were grown in a field trial in northern NSW, Australia. Differences in quantitative texture and color parameters of the dough and sourdough bread resulting from (1) substitution of commercial wholemeal wheat flour with different proportions of wholegrain triticale or wholegrain wheat (Scout) flour (0%, 60%, 70%, 80%, and 90%) and (2) varying the amount of water included in the dough preparation (70%, 80%, 90%, and 100 g water/100 g flour) were determined. Replacement of wholemeal wheat flour with 60% wholegrain Goanna flour (protein content 12.76%; c.f. 11.50% for Hawkeye, 12.40% for Scout), and addition of 100 g water/100 g flour in the dough preparation gave the highest quality sourdough bread based on specific volume, texture, and color parameters and had similar properties to the control made from wheat alone.

Physical Properties Study of Sodium Doped Boro-Tellurite (Na<sub>2</sub>O: TeO<sub>2</sub>-B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-ZnO) Glasses

Five boro-tellurite glasses with chemical formula 55TeO2-(12-x)B2O3-32ZnO-(1+x)Na2O (TZBN), (x= 0; 1; 2; 3; 4; mole%) were successfully synthesized by conventional melt-quenching technique. The physical properties of the glass was studied to understand effect of partial substitution between B2O3 and Na2O. The density was measured using pycnometer based on Archimedes law. The other physical properties can be obtained by assisted some mathematical equation. Refer to the measurement, the density was found decreased by 4.905 to 4.590 gr/cm3 because the molecular weight difference between B2O3 and Na2O. Meanwhile the molar volume increased by 25.05 to 27.11 cm3/mole due to higher atomic radii of Na rather than B which raise NBO inside the glass network. Meanwhile, OPD, Vo, polaron radius, inter-ionic distance, packing density,and number of bond per unit volume consequently have been decreased. While the Field strength has increase due to stronger Na-O bonds. Reflects from the results the TZBN glasses could be used as active material for laser.

The effect of partial substitution of sand with palm ash on enhancing concrete properties

The effect of partial substitution of sand with palm ash on enhancing concrete properties

Swelling behavior of calcium ion-crosslinked sodium alginate in an in vitro hemostatic tamponade model

Various types of hemostatic agents are used to manage bleeding in surgery. Many such agents are animal products, which carry the risk of secondary infection. The aim of this study is to develop a novel hemostatic agent from a non-animal source that quickly stops bleeding, is easy to use, and has no risk of infection.In this study, we synthesized calcium ion-crosslinked sodium alginate (Alg-Na/Ca) by partial substitution of Ca ions for Na ions in sodium alginate. We prepared 12 kinds of Alg-Na/Ca powders with different Ca mass ratios, molecular weights, M/G ratios and particle size distributions and measured their swelling ratio and the burst pressure generated. We found that Alg-Na/Ca began to swell immediately after contact with saline, especially Alg-Na/Ca at Ca mass ratios of 74.1–77.0 % showed a high swelling ratio after 2 min and a high burst pressure, over 200 % and 500 mmHg respectively. Also, there is a correlation between the swelling ratio after 2 min and the burst pressure. Our results suggest that, by optimizing the composition conditions, Alg-Na/Ca may be an effective hemostatic agent that could act as a tamponade by absorbing and swelling at a bleeding site to quickly achieve primary hemostasis.

Thermocatalytic decomposition of methane to low-carbon hydrogen using LaNi1-xCuxO3 perovskite catalysts

The thermocatalytic decomposition (TCD) of methane is an attractive alternative to produce low-carbon hydrogen and solid carbonaceous materials. In this study, substituted LaNi1-xCuxO3 perovskite catalysts prepared via self-combustion method were investigated for methane TCD. The effect of Ni partial substitution with Cu, varying gas hourly space velocity, temperature and stability on methane conversions were evaluated. PXRD, H2-TPR, SEM-EDS, TGA, and XPS were used to characterize the catalysts. An increase in Cu loading to 50%, increase in temperature and decrease in GHSV resulted in an improvement in methane conversions to 92%. At a GHSV of 2400 ml/gcat.h, no significant deactivation was observed as the stability of the LaNi0.5Cu0.5O3 catalyst increased from 6 to 20 hours’ TOS with methane conversions maintained at 92% where carbon nanofibers were observed on the surface of the spent catalysts. The study demonstrates the potential to prepare LaNi1-xCuxO3 catalysts and identify optimal testing conditions for the novel production of low-carbon hydrogen with minimal catalyst deactivation.

An Experimental Investigation on Partial Replacement of Cement with Powdered Glass Wastes in Paver Block

There is now a significant world-wide interest to solve the environmental problems caused by industrial waste and other materials by including such materials in the manufacture of concrete. This technology has been introduced in India in construction, a decade ago, for specific requirement namely footpaths, parking areas etc. but now being adopted extensively in different uses where the conventional construction of pavement using bituminous mix or cement concrete technology is not feasible or desirable. The characteristics of concrete containing fine crushed glass during its process, the best ratio of fine crushed glass which leads to higher strength of concrete in order to produce concrete blocks, and the effect of waste glass replacement on the expansion caused by Alkali-silica reaction (ASR). This study looked at the feasibility of waste glass inclusion as partial Cement replacement systems. Properties of concrete incorporating waste glass as partial substitution for Cement amounts of 50% and 60% were investigated. The waste glass material used was obtained waste collectors. The results obtained show clearly that glass enhances the compressive strength properties of the final concrete product. The study indicated that waste glass can effectively be used as Cement replacement with little substantial change in strength.

Partial Substitution of Cu Sites by Mg for the Improvement of CuWO4 Photoanodes Performance

Partial Substitution of Cu Sites by Mg for the Improvement of CuWO₄ Photoanodes Performance

Utilizing Fine Marine Sediment as a Partial Substitute for Sand in Self-Compacting Concrete Specially Designed for Application in Marine Environments

The disposal of marine sediments poses a significant economic and environmental challenge on a global scale. To address this issue and promote resource optimization within a circular-economy paradigm, this research investigates the viability of incorporating untreated fine marine sediments as a partial replacement for sand in self-compacting concrete (SCC) designed especially for application in marine environments (an exposure class of XS2 and a resistance class of C30/37 according to standard NF EN 206). The concretes mis-design incorporating 30% by weight of sediment as a sand substitute was initially designed with the modified Dreux–Gorisse method. The findings indicate that it is feasible to design an SCC suitable for marine environments, incorporating 30% sediment replacement content and without significantly compromising concrete properties, durability, or the estimated lifespan of the formulated concretes. The integration of marine sediment as a sand substitute into the SCC mix design reduces the amount of binder and limestone filler without compromising the paste volume. This results in a significant saving of natural sand resources and a reduction in CO2 emissions for SCC made with marine sediment.

The impact of animal protein partial substitution on the technological functionality of hybrid yoghurt

Following the new standard of using plant‐based ingredients, this study evaluated the effect of partially replacing milk proteins with plant proteins (almond and pumpkin seed) on yoghurt properties. Protein mixtures were prepared using rotational central composite design, investigating the percentage of animal protein replacement and the proportion between plant proteins. Milk protein substitution increased fermentation time, defined as the time needed to reach pH 4.6, and negatively impacted viscosity, firmness and syneresis of yoghurt. Nevertheless, replacing 25% of dairy proteins with an optimised plant protein blend (25% almond and 75% pumpkin seed) yielded yoghurt with typical composition and good sensory acceptance.

Improving the plateau performance of the TiZrFeMnCrV high-entropy alloy by partial substitution of V with Fe, Mn and Cr

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) have shown desirable hydrogen storage performance owing to the lattice distortion effect and favorable phase structure. However, their pressure-composition-temperature (PCT) curves are usually lack of a well-defined hydrogen ab-/desorption plateau. Herein, we reported that by substituting 0.5 at.% Fe, Mn and Cr for the equivalent amount of V in the Ti1.0Zr1.0Fe1.0Mn1.0Cr1.0V1.0 (defined as V1.0 alloy) alloy, the plateau performance could be considerably improved. The non-equiatomic Ti1.0Zr1.0Fe1.5Mn1.0Cr1.0V0.5, Ti1.0Zr1.0Fe1.0Mn1.5Cr1.0V0.5 and Ti1.0Zr1.0Fe1.0Mn1.0Cr1.5V0.5 HEAs (defined as Fe1.5, Mn1.5 and Cr1.5 alloy, respectively) with a single C14 Laves phase rapidly absorb 1.82 wt%, 1.90 wt% and 1.89 wt% of hydrogen at 30 °C, respectively. Compare with the V1.0 alloy, the Fe1.5, Mn1.5 and Cr1.5 alloys show clearly visible hydrogen ab-/desorption plateau. Among all the alloys, the Fe1.5 alloy own the highest plateau pressure and hysteresis with values of 0.18/0.11 MPa and 0.41, followed by the Cr1.5 alloy with values of 0.17/0.05 MPa and 0.38, and the Mn1.5 alloy with values of 0.10/0.08 MPa and 0.28. Moreover, all the alloys exhibit good hydrogen ab-/desorption cycling performance, especially for the V1.0, Fe1.5 and Mn1.5 alloys, retaining 98, 99 and 97% reversible hydrogen storage capacity after 15 cycles, respectively.

Oliviculture and Viticulture Crop Byproducts Use for Peat Partial Substitution for Carnation Production

The intensive cultivation of olive trees and grapevines in the Mediterranean region not only results in large yields but also generate wastes, with high restrictions on their impact on people’s well-being and the environment. The current study sought to investigate the potential use of olive-mill waste (OW), grape-mill waste (GW) and their mixtures (OW + GW) at different levels (0%, 5%, 10% and 20% v/v) for partial peat substitution in the production of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) plants. The presence of OW, GW and OW + GW wastes raised the pH, the electrical conductivity, the content of organic matter and mineral content in substrate mixtures, while they decreased the total porosity and the available free air. The use of OW had more negative impacts than GW, while the OW + GW mixture alleviated, to some extent, the negative OW impacts. The use of high levels of residues decreased plant growth, chlorophyll content and mineral accumulation in plant tissue due to inappropriate growing media properties. The increased OW presence caused oxidative stress to the plants, as verified by the increased malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide content. This resulted in an upsurge in the total phenolics. However, GW presence did not impact any oxidative stress. It can be suggested that 10% OW, 10% GW or 20% OW + GW can be used in growing media, as they resulted in suitable plant growth. To ensure sufficient yields, nevertheless, the growing media’s characteristics also need to be enhanced.

Partial Substitution of Cement and Fine Aggregate with Waste Paper Sludge Powder and Quarry Dust in Enhancing the Strength Parameters of Concrete

The main compositions of concrete are sand and cement. A swift construction operation leads to a shortage of these materials. The concrete industry consumes natural materials in large quantities like river sand keeping our environment in check we need to make our concrete industry more lasting by using alternative binders to make it sustainable. Squander materials, for example, Quarry dust which is the result of squashed stone and waste paper sludge coming from the paper producing businesses leads to different issues like dumping. The chance of utilizing Waste Paper Sludge Powder as a halfway trade for concrete and Quarry dust as an incomplete swap for fine aggregates is explored in this research. The substitution levels of cement with WPSP are 0.8%, 1.3%, 2.3% and 3.3%.Though the substitution levels of fine aggregates with Quarry Dust are 16%, 26%, 36, and 46%. For WPSP specimens it was seen that at a 1.3% substitution level compressive strength is expanded by 12% at 28 days when contrasted with the control blend which has a 0% substitution level. Flexural and split tensile are likewise expanded by 15% and 14%. While at 1.3%WPSP and 36% Quarry Dust in combination shows a 24% improvement in compressive strength when contrasted with the control blend. Flexural and split tensile strength increments by 24% & 29%, respectively. M25 concrete grade is designed as per IS 456:2000.

Unravelling the safety improving and failure mechanisms of a 56.5 Ah high-energy–density Li-ion cell containing solid-state electrolyte

Safety issues of high-energy–density (HED) Li-ion cells have raised wide concerns and are impeding their application in electric vehicles (EVs). Developing the so-called quasi-solid or semi-solid Li-ion cells with solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) is a promising strategy but generally compromises the cell’s electric performance. Moreover, the safety improving and failure mechanisms remain not fully understood. This study demonstrates a large-format (56.5 Ah) HED (260 Wh kg−1) Li-ion cell with significantly improved safety and good electric performances, which is realized by partial substitution of the liquid electrolyte with lithium aluminium titanium phosphate (LATP) SSE and rational cell material matching. The cell can pass various penetration tests with minimal temperature rises (≤20 °C), showing extraordinarily high tolerances for mechanical abuses, and exhibited a retarded thermal runaway (TR) evolution process during the accelerating rate calorimetry (ARC) test, providing valuable time for deploying predicting, alarming, and preventing tactics for the battery management systems (BMSs). X-ray computed tomography and a large depth-of-field digital microscope were used to uncover the detailed failure behaviors of cell materials, which were correlated to the variation of detectable external cell signals (impedance, voltage, and temperature) that could serve as the basis for upgrading the BMS. We expect that the insights achieved could guide the rational design and management of safe HED Li-ion cells.

A meta-analysis of the relationship between milk protein production and absorbed amino acids and digested energy in dairy cattle

Milk protein production is the largest draw on AA supplies for lactating dairy cattle. Prior NRC predictions of milk protein production have been absorbed protein (MP)-based and used a first-limiting nutrient concept to integrate the effects of energy and protein, which yielded poor accuracy and precision (root mean squared error [RMSE] >21%). Using a meta-data set gathered, various alternative equation forms considering MP, absorbed total EAA, absorbed individual EAA, and digested energy (DE) supplies as additive drivers of production were evaluated, and all were found to be superior in statistical performance to the first limitation approach (RMSE = 14%-15%). Inclusion of DE intake and a quadratic term for MP or absorbed EAA supplies were found to be necessary to achieve intercept estimates (nonproductive protein use) that were similar to the factorial estimates of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (2021). The partial linear slope for MP was found to be 0.409, which is consistent with the observed slope bias of -0.34 g/g when a slope of 0.67 was used for MP efficiency in a first-limiting nutrient system. Replacement of MP with the supplies of individual absorbed EAA expressed in grams per day and a common quadratic across the EAA resulted in unbiased predictions with improved statistical performance as compared with MP-based models. Based on Akaike's information criterion and biological consistency, the best equations included absorbed His, Ile, Lys, Met, Thr, the NEAA, and individual DE intakes from fatty acids, NDF, residual OM, and starch. Several also contained a term for absorbed Leu. These equations generally had RMSE of 14.3% and a concordance correlation of 0.76. Based on the common quadratic and individual linear terms, milk protein response plateaus were predicted at approximately 320 g/d of absorbed His, Ile, and Lys; 395 g/d of absorbed Thr; 550 g/d of absorbed Met; and 70 g/d of absorbed Leu. Therefore, responses to each except Leu are almost linear throughout the normal in vivo range. De-aggregation of the quadratic term and parsing to individual absorbed EAA resulted in nonbiological estimates for several EAA indicating over-parameterization. Expression of the EAA as g/100 g total absorbed EAA or as ratios of DE intake and using linear and quadratic terms for each EAA resulted in similar statistical performance, but the solutions had identifiability problems and several nonbiological parameter estimates. The use of ratios also introduced nonlinearity in the independent variables which violates linear regression assumptions. Further screening of the global model using absorbed EAA expressed as grams per day with a common quadratic using an all-models approach, and exhaustive cross-evaluation indicated the parameter estimates for BW, all 4 DE terms, His, Ile, Lys, Met, and the common quadratic term were stable, whereas estimates for Leu and Thr were known with less certainty. Use of independent and additive terms and a quadratic expression in the equation results in variable efficiencies of conversion. The additivity also provides partial substitution among the nutrients. Both of these prevent establishment of fixed nutrient requirements in support of milk protein production.

Ab-initio calculations, Debye–Wang model and thermodynamic modeling for the short-range order and crystal chemistry characterization of the [formula omitted]8-Al[formula omitted]Fe[formula omitted]Si[formula omitted] solid solution

This paper presents a comprehensive examination of the τ8-Al2Fe3Si4 solid solution, investigating its crystal chemistry and short-range order. To do so, Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed, simulating partial substitutions of Al and Si on the four mixed sites of the structure. Our results indicates a negligible contribution from the SRO, allowing the Bragg–Williams approximation to be used to describe its crystal chemistry. Subsequently, systematic substitutions of Al and Si on all mixed sites generated a complete set of ordered structures, called end-members. The formation enthalpies, equation of state and elastic constants for each end-member were calculated, allowing the Gibbs free energy of the solid solution to be derived using the Debye–Wang model. On the basis of this new theoretical insights, a thermodynamic model was developed, predicting the Si occupancy factors in all the mixed sites of the structure at different temperatures, allowing the quantification of its chemical ordering.

Use of fermented malted barley by‐product as partial feed replacement and carbon source for rearing Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) juveniles

AbstractThe present research evaluates the performance of the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) (initial weight 11.5 ± 0.07 g) with biofloc technology. For this purpose, spent grains (malted barley) from the brewing industry after aerobic fermentation were used, as both a carbon source (suspended solids) and partial substitute for the diets at 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40% levels (settleable solids). The partial 20% substitution of the diet did not have significant effects on the biological parameters: final body weight, weight gained, average body weight, specific growth rate, daily growth index, condition factor, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency rate, and viscerosomatic and hepatosomatic indices. However, the dietary substitution showed a significant effect on the final biofloc chemical composition. Nitrogen compounds, NH4+, NO2−, and NO3−, were adequate for tilapia cultivation in all the treatments. No clear effect of partial dietary substitution was observed on meat quality parameters: pH, color, water holding capacity, and amino acid and fatty acid profile of fillet. The results suggest that a 20% substitution of the diet for malted barley is suitable for satisfactory biological parameters and Nile tilapia fillet quality.

Effect of partial substitution of barium oxide by lanthanum oxide on the structure and properties of iron-based aluminosilicate glass

Silica-aluminum borates (SiO2-R2O3-R2O-RO-ZrO2 system) with La2O3 replacing BaO were preparing using the conventional melt quenching process. The impact of substituting BaO with La2O3 on the glass structure was examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Raman. The density, thermal properties, alkali resistance and dielectric properties of the glasses were measured and compared using Archimedes, Differential Scanning Circuit (DSC), Thermal Expansion Calorimetry (TEC), Weight Reduction and Impedance Spectroscopy. The viscosity of the glass system was calculated from the thermal properties and discussed in comparison with the wetting angle at 1000 °C. The results showed that the glass does not undergo precipitation. With the increase of La2O3 to BaO substitution, the Q4 in the glass network structure transforms to Q0+Q1 and Q2, causing depolymeriation of the glass structure. This results in an increase in the density of the glass, as well as an increase and subsequent decrease in the thermal expansion coefficient. Additionally, the glass transition temperature and glass softening temperature decrease and then increase, which was due to the high field strength of La3+. When substituting 5 wt% of BaO with La2O3, The glass displayed the lowest dielectric constant and dielectric loss, along with the best alkali resistance. Viscosity calculations showed that the viscosity gradually increases at 1000 °C with the increase of La2O3 substitution, which was consistent with the wettability results. The glass components in the 0-5 wt% weight range all satisfy the iron-sealed glass wetting angle requirements.

Theoretical investigation of the carbonyl-ene reaction between encapsulated formaldehyde and propylene over M-Cu-BTC paddlewheels (M= Be, Mg, and Ca): A DFT study

Formaldehyde is a VOC gas that plays a key role in air pollution. To limit emissions into the environment, the utilization of this waste as a raw material is a promising way. In this work, the M06-L functional calculation was used to investigate the structure, electronic properties, and catalytic activity of group IIA metals (Be, Mg, and Ca) partial substitution on Cu-BTC paddlewheels for formaldehyde encapsulation and carbonyl-ene reaction with propylene. Formaldehyde is absorbed by the metal center of the paddlewheel via its oxygen atom. The adsorption of formaldehyde on the substituted metal sites increased as compared to the parent Cu-BTC which can facilitate formaldehyde to react with propylene. The adsorption free energies are predicted to be −15.1 (Be–Cu-BTC), −14.7 (Mg–Cu-BTC), and −14.5 (Ca–Cu-BTC) kcal mol−1, respectively. The substituted metal has a slight effect on the Lewis acidity of the Cu ion in the paddlewheel. The adsorption free energy of formaldehyde, similar to that found in the pristine Cu-BTC, is observed. For the carbonyl-ene reaction, the reaction is proposed via a single step involving the C–C bond formation between two reactants and one hydrogen of propylene methyl group moves to formaldehyde oxygen, simultaneously. It was found that the substituted metals do not affect the catalytic performance of the Cu center for this reaction. The activation energies for the reaction at the Cu center are in the range of 22.0–23.4 kcal mol−1, which are slightly different from Cu-BTC (21.5 kcal mol−1). Interestingly, the catalytic activity of this reaction on the substituted metal is greater than that on the Cu center. The catalytic activities are in the order Be–Cu-BTC (13.3 kcal mol−1) > Mg–Cu-BTC (15.9 kcal mol−1) > Ca–Cu-BTC (17.8 kcal mol−1). Among them, the Be site of the bimetallic Be–Cu-BTC paddlewheel is predicted as a promising candidate catalyst.

Polypyrrole pre-intercalation engineering-induced NH4+ removal in tunnel ammonium vanadate toward high-performance zinc ion batteries

Ammonium vanadate with stable bi-layered structure and superior mass-specific capacity have emerged as competitive cathode materials for aqueous rechargeable zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs). Nevertheless, fragile NH…O bonds and too strong electrostatic interaction by virtue of excessive NH4+ will lead to sluggish Zn2+ ion mobility, further largely affects the electro-chemical performance of ammonium vanadate in AZIBs. The present work incorporates polypyrrole (PPy) to partially replace NH4+ in NH4V4O10 (NVO), resulting in the significantly enlarged interlayers (from 10.1 to 11.9 Å), remarkable electronic conductivity, increased oxygen vacancies and reinforced layered structure. The partial removal of NH4+ will alleviate the irreversible deammoniation to protect the laminate structures from collapse during ion insertion/extraction. The expanded interlayer spacing and the increased oxygen vacancies by the virtue of the introduction of polypyrrole improve the ionic diffusion, enabling exceptional rate performance of NH4V4O10. As expected, the resulting polypyrrole intercalated ammonium vanadate (NVOY) presents a superior discharge capacity of 431.9 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and remarkable cycling stability of 219.1 mAh g−1 at 20 A g−1 with 78 % capacity retention after 1500 cycles. The in-situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), in-situ X-ray diffraction (XRD), ex-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ex-situ high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) analysis investigate a highly reversible intercalation Zn-storage mechanism, and the enhanced the redox kinetics are related to the combined effect of interlayer regulation, high electronic conductivity and oxygen defect engineering by partial substitution NH4+ of PPy incorporation.