Partial Aggregate Replacement Research Articles

Combined effects of biochar and recycled plastic aggregates on mechanical behavior of concrete

AbstractOnly in Europe, every year around 29 million tons of plastic waste are generated and only about 35% of such waste is collected for recycling. This results in huge amounts of plastic waste threatening the environment. One of the possible solutions for disposal can be represented by the concrete industry. Several research works have already studied the use of plastic waste in concrete mix as partial replacement for aggregates, showing that this use of plastics can contribute to reducing the environmental impact of concrete production by saving non‐renewable resources. At the same time, lightweight concrete can be produced but at a non‐negligible cost of a mechanical strength reduction. This work aims at investigating the effects on concrete physical and mechanical performances resulting from the introduction of recycled plastic aggregates in combination with another kind of waste used as filler, namely biochar. Biochar, which is the solid carbonaceous by‐product resulting from wood‐waste pyro‐gasification, can have the role of carbon sequestrating additive in concrete, being able to fix carbon in a stable form in buildings for decades. The experimental findings obtained in this work show that the combination of biochar and recycled plastic waste, which was never investigated before, can help to obtain concretes with satisfactory mechanical performance, which promote circular economy principles. Thanks to biochar addition, the reduction in mechanical properties due to the presence of plastics is extremely limited with respect to control; moreover, these concretes demonstrate better behavior in terms of fracture energy and ductility.

High-performance self-compacting concrete with recycled coarse aggregate: comprehensive systematic review on mix design parameters

ABSTRACT The technological advancements and environmental concerns enlighten the importance of incorporating more high-performance engineered materials in the construction sector. The partial replacement of natural coarse aggregates (NCA) with recycled coarse aggregates (RCA) in concrete has recently been a primary focus of worldwide researchers for sustainability in environmental aspects. The primary purpose of this review is to comprehend the effect of design parameters in determining the mechanical characteristics of high-performance self-compacting (HP-SCC) that include recycled coarse aggregates (RCA). Seven design parameters were extracted and considered in this review. It has been revealed that the design parameters of HP-SCC with RCA have a different effect on the mechanical characteristics of HP-SCC with various grades. In addition, the current research aims to promote environmental-friendly development and produce sustainable materials to improve mechanical-related characteristics in concrete in the absence of a precise evaluation technique. Artificial neural network (ANN) models have been implemented using the design parameters for predicting concrete mechanical properties based on three statistical indicators. The ANN-based model was attributed using these seven inputs of the literature with the help of sensitivity analysis for indicating the most critical design parameter HP-SCC.

AI-Assisted optimisation of green concrete mixes incorporating recycled concrete aggregates

Maximising the content of supplementary cementitious materials as a partial replacement for Portland cement and using recycled concrete aggregates as a full or partial replacement for coarse aggregates are among the widely adopted strategies in the design of green concrete. However, the synergetic implications of adopting both approaches on concrete properties add complexity to the design of green concrete mixes. This paper proposes a novel AI-based multi-objective optimisation framework addressing the lack of a systematic method to formulate these concretes and solves the common multi-objective mix design problems. The framework is developed for the mix proportioning of green concrete mixes containing recycled concrete aggregates and commonly used supplementary cementitious materials while considering the desired compressive strength. The proposed optimisation model leverages a dataset of about 2,120 mixes and employs an extreme gradient boosting machine to model the compressive strength requirements as a mechanical constraint throughout the optimsiation process. Moreover, a set of key environmental objectives, including minimising global warming, acidification, fossil fuel depletion potentials, and the cost of production, are targeted. The effectiveness of the framework is validated through case studies across different strength ranges. The results indicate a significant improvement in environmental sustainability indicators, including a 19.6% and 21.6% reduction in global warming and acidification potentials, besides considerable cost savings of up to 23.7% without compromising the mechanical performance of concrete.

Laboratory Investigation into the Partial Replacement of Aggregates with Recycled High-Density Polyethylene in a Dense Graded Asphalt Mix

Plastic waste is a growing concern today, as landfills fill up and pollution leads to global climatic problems. Some research has been conducted on using plastics in asphalt, but the effect that high-density polyethylene (HDPE) can have in the performance of the asphalt is not understood. This research examines the impact on the moisture damage, rutting, and cracking resistance of recycled HDPE plastics as a portion of aggregates in a dense graded asphalt mix. Two types of recycled HDPE were used—flakes and pellets. Mixes with 5% by volume of recycled HDPE were designed and compared with a control mix. The results indicate that the use of recycled HDPE allowed for a reduction of 0.5% binder requirement. Tensile strength ratio testing showed that, with no anti-stripping agent, the HDPE-modified mixes had acceptable moisture resistance. Both types of HDPE-modified mixes showcased superior rutting resistance based on the flow number parameter. However, the use of HDPE decreased the cracking resistance of the mixes measured with the Illinois Flexibility Index Test at intermediate temperatures. The dynamic modulus test indicated a decrease in the stiffness of the mixes at low temperatures and confirmed the increase of the stiffness at high operating temperatures. Overall, the results indicate that the use of HDPE as partial replacement of aggregates is feasible and future research could explore balancing the performance of the HDPE-modified mix.

An Experimental Investigation On Strength Properties of Concrete with Partial Replacement of Cement and Coarse Aggregate by Silica Fume and Recycled Aggregate

Construction-Demolition waste is the major part of solid waste, which contributes almost 30% of solid waste every year and creates lot of environmental issues. Now a days building material crisis in construction industry also increasing every year. Use of Construction-Demolition waste in construction industry would be the sustainable solution for this problem. Use of C&D waste in concrete have so many advantages in construction industry and also solve lot of environmental problems and also increase the economic contribution of construction industry in countries development. Use of C&D waste in concrete would lead to eco-friendly concrete with sustainable development. The main moto of the present project is to use Construction demolition waste-Recycled aggregates in concrete without compromising the properties of concrete. The physical properties such as specific gravity, water absorption and sieve analysis of construction demolition waste-Recycled aggregates and natural aggregates are investigated and the natural aggregates are replaced by Construction demolition waste-Recycled aggregates in concrete in different proportions (i.e., 0%, 20%, 40% ,60%,80% and 100%). The properties of hardened concrete such as compressive strength, split-tensile strength, flexural strength and Non-destructive tests (Rebound Hammer, Ultrasonic Pulse velocity test) is investigated and compared with the conventional control concrete. The results are concluded that the strength properties of concrete won’t affected up to 40% replacement of Construction demolition waste Recycled aggregates.

Assessment of the Combined Effect of Silica Fume, Fly Ash, and Steel Slag on the Mechanical Behavior of Concrete

Every ton of cement produced emits half a ton of carbon dioxide, so there is an immediate need to limit cement use. Cementitious materials such as fly ash, silica fume, and steel slag can be substituted for cement in making concrete more rigid and stronger. This research work has been done to analyze the change in compressive strength in concrete, reducing the use of cement and coarse aggregate, in the case of varying percentages of cement replacement circumstances. To get this job done, there’s been conducted a variety of laboratory tests changing the partial cement replacement proportions with silica fume and fly ash and partial aggregate replacement with steel slag in the concrete mix. The test result showed that 15% silica fume, 10% fly ash, and 30% steel slag replacing proportion withstand more compressive load than the normal cement concrete mixture. The SEM test also supports the compressive strength test result by showing the internal bonding between the materials in the replaced binder-aggregate specimens. On the other hand, the flexural strength test came out with the best proportion of 15% cement replacement with fly ash and silica fume along with 10% coarse aggregate replacement with steel slag. The XRD patterns of the materials used also enumerate the standardization and testing procedures. The usage of sustainable cementitious materials like fly ash, silica fume, and steel slag incorporates the motivation behind reducing the industrial byproducts/wastes generated in such an amount that hampers our mother nature. The overall representation of this research will emancipate the initiatives taken toward greener and more sustainable construction.

Bond Characteristics of Deformed Steel Rebar in Palm Kernel Shell (PKS)-Rubberised Concrete Composite

The bond mechanism between concrete and steel is an important input parameter in the design of reinforced concrete elements. The reuse of waste materials as aggregates in concrete has led to the discovery of different types of concrete with unique bond characteristics. This paper reports on the bond characteristics of concrete produced from waste automobile tire chips and palm kernel shell aggregates and deformed mild steel rebars. A total of 125 concrete cubes (150 x 150 x 150mm) with metal inserts were cast from 21 concrete mixes with varied content of PKS and waste automobile tire aggregates. Pullout test was carried out to evaluate the strength of the bond mechanism between the steel and the various concrete mixes. The results revealed that bond strength decreased with increasing PKS and tire content. Moreover, increasing the bar size and embedment length reduced the bond stress. The ratio of the bond stress and compressive strength was found to be averagely 63.88%. Regarding the bond failure mechanism, it was identified that failure of the specimen occurred through either rebar pullout or tensile splitting of the concrete. Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that PKS and tire can be used as partial replacement of granite aggregates in concrete since the resultant concrete can develop adequate bond with steel bars in structural applications.

Experimental Investigation of Bitumen Concrete mix with Use of Ceramic Waste and Rise Husk Ash as a Partial Replacement of Filler and Aggregate

Bituminous concrete are most widely used in present era. The cost of bitumen is increase day by day and lack of availability of natural resources increased . for that reason there are an opportunity to use local material resources such as ceramic waste (CW) silica flumes, slag, plastic,rise husk ash (ash) are by product which is a bad Environmental hazard causing damage destroy the land and surrounding area in which it is dumped .To deal with this problem,we are studying and test of material in lab of the mechanical performance of bituminous concrete using ceramic waste and rise husk ash a different proportion 4%,6%,8% and 3%,4%,5% respectively at a different bitumen content as a partial replacement of filler and aggregate material .In this lab test marshal stability test and tensile strength test considered as a design and evaluation of bituminous paving mixes . The mechanical property of these material will be check whether it is good or bad for bituminous concrete .Ceramic waste and rise husk ash is a good replacement for medium and small traffic roads.

Effect of partial replacement of aggregate with granulated polyethylene terephthalate (pet) on compressive strength of concrete

This paper is aimed at the development of appropriate combination of composite materials such as cement, aggregates and inclusion of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) in varying proportion in order to determine the optimal measure for the optimal strength. The study also, investigated the effect of PET aggregate on the compressive strength of concrete. Mix design targeting grade 25 concrete strength, using the Department of Environment (DOE) approach was adopted. Five different concrete samples were prepared accordingly, using natural aggregate as control mix and four others which consist of PET aggregate as partial replacement of fine aggregate at 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% ratios respectively. The recycled fine aggregate (PET) was processed from bottle water waste, it was crushed, pressed and processed into finely material having river sand resemblance i.e., well distributed within sieve sizes of 0.075 and 2.00. The batching was done by weight. Cubes specimens were prepared, cured for 7, 14, and 28days and tested for compression. The results of the tests were analyzed statistically using regression method (Mintab) to establish optimal strength require mixture. The results and analysis established that there were reduction in compressive strength of the concrete containing PET aggregate and reduction rates increased with increase in the amount of PET inclusion in the concrete. The compressive strength values for 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% replacement of sand with PET at 28-day were 29.70N/mm2 , 25.95N/mm2 , 24.28N/mm2 and 23.23N/mm2 respectively. When compared with the control concrete specimens with an average value of 33.08N/mm2 gave 11.38%, 27.48%, 36.24% and 42.40% reduction in strength respectively. It was recommended that, though, the use of PET aggregate in the production of concrete does not have significant appreciable effect on the concrete strength, its use will protect the environment and as well help to conserve natural resources used as materials in production of concrete elements which currently undergo excessive depletion.

Achieving concrete sustainability using crumb rubber and GGBS

Concrete is one of the most widely used construction materials globally. As a result, the production of concrete contributes significantly to the carbon footprint due to cement manufacturing and aggregates mining and production. Therefore, producing more sustainable concrete is vital for the reduction of the global carbon footprint. Consequently, there is an urgent need to focus on the use of waste materials in the design and production of concrete to become more sustainable and more environmentally friendly while maintaining most of its desirable properties. This paper explored the use of Crumb Rubber (CR), which is a by-product of shredding disposed automobile tires, as a partial replacement of aggregates and the use of Ground-Granulated Blast furnace Slag (GGBS), a by-product of the iron and steel industry, as a partial replacement of cement as a binder. Different percentages of crumb rubber and GGBS combinations are used to produce different mix designs. The fresh concrete properties (slump) and hardened properties (compressive strength, flexural strength, split tensile strength) of the optimal design mix were compared with that of the control design mix with zero CR and zero GGBS (CR0G0), i.e.,100% cement, normal weight aggregate, to examine their effect on the properties of concrete. It is determined that the optimum design mix obtained was the one with 5% CR and 50% GGBS (CR5G50). It has been observed that the 28 days compressive strength of the CR5G50 was 30.2 MPa while that of the CR0G0 was 60 MPa, i.e., a decrease of 50%. The 28 days flexural strength of the CR5G50 was 5.12 MPa while that of the CR0G0 was 7.8 MPa, i.e., a decrease of 34.4%. The 28 days split tensile strength of the CR5G50 was 6.92 MPa while that of the CR0G0 was 4.92 MPa, i.e., an increase of 40.7%. The slump (workability property) for the CR5G50 was 220 mm and that of the CR0G0 was 230 mm, i.e., a decrease of 4.4%. Therefore, this study shows that the use of CR in conjunction with GGBS is a potentially viable solution to produce sustainable concrete with relatively comparable mechanical properties compared to that of normal-weight concrete.

Partial replacement of aggregate with ceramic tile in concrete

The construction industry continues to make advances in innovation and improvement, which has led to a substantial increase in the usage of natural aggregates in construction projects. Concurrently, though, the amount of solid trash generated by the demolition of structures has reached an all-time high. This is a never-before-seen phenomenon. Reusing demolished building materials such as ceramic tile and granite powder has been proposed as a way to reduce solid waste and mitigate the shortage of natural aggregates necessary to manufacture concrete as a result of these causes. This was done to reduce the amount of solid waste and the amount of solid garbage. In addition to building demolition, the manufacturing facility also contributes to the production of waste ceramic tile. Several studies indicate that between 20 and 30 percent of the raw materials handled in tile production facilities are lost as waste. This waste material should be forced to be recycled so that we may use the limited natural aggregate resource more efficiently and reduce the amount of waste generated by the construction industry. In lieu of coarse and fine aggregates, numerous types of waste ceramic tile are used, including crushed waste ceramic tile, powder made from crushed waste ceramic tile, and other waste ceramic tile. To the extent of 35 %, coarse aggregates were partially substituted with ceramic waste-based tiles. These tiles were included into the production of aggregates. In place of fine aggregate, 25 %, 30 %, and 35 % of ceramic tile powder and ceramic coarse tile were utilised, accordingly.

Rubberized Geopolymer Mortar and Concrete: A Comprehensive Review.

In many crucial structural applications, a material’s ability to withstand impact is of the utmost importance. The use of crumb rubber particles as a partial replacement of natural aggregates forms rubberized geopolymer concrete (RuGPC), which is found to have great impact resistance and energy absorption capacity. Geopolymer paste and natural aggregates alone are weak in handling the impact loads. The field of Civil engineering has been looking into ways for the last few years to use solid waste and ecologically friendly raw materials as components of concrete in building to embrace sustainability. Greenhouse gas emissions from cement manufacturing and the depletion of natural aggregates are two major issues the construction industry is currently experiencing. RuGPC, which combines the benefits of geopolymer concrete (GPC) and rubberized concrete to create a practical, sustainable building material, has been a hot topic for the past few years. In this paper, the fresh properties, strength and durability characteristics, mixing procedure and curing properties, dynamic and impact properties, microstructures and thermal properties of rubberized geopolymer mortar and concrete are comprehensively reviewed.

Experimental investigation on waste plastic fibre concrete with partial replacement of coarse aggregate by recycled coarse aggregate

A significant amount of research has been devoted to examining the various properties of concrete as well as reinforced concrete due to the addition of steel fibres, and a number of articles have already been published on the usage of steel fibres in concrete. So, in the current studies, an effort has been made to examine the impact of adding polypropylene fibres (waste plastics) at a dosage of 1% by weight of cement.Compressive strength and flexural strength are two of the properties under investigation. The tests were performed in accordance with the advised practises of the pertinent regulations and were conducted on an M40 mix. This research provides a thorough assessment of the effects of recycled aggregate addition on the initial and final characteristics of waste plastic fibre concrete. The experiments indicate that adding recycled aggregates to waste plastic fibre concrete will significantly improve its workability. However, the addition results in greater water absorption, compressive strength, and tensile strength.

Experimental Investigation on E-Waste Concrete with Silicafume

Electronic waste, commonly referred to as "E-waste," is any electronic device that is no longer useful or has reached the end of its useful life. This can include computers, smartphones, tablets, televisions, refrigerators, and other household appliances, as well as industrial equipment and medical devices. Many electronic devices contain hazardous materials such as lead, mercury, cadmium, and brominated flame retardants, which can be harmful to human health and the environment if not disposed of properly. Improper disposal of e-waste can lead to environmental pollution, as well as health problems for those who are exposed to the hazardous materials and is passing severe toxic waste issues to the human beings and the environment. E-waste is a growing problem worldwide, as electronic devices become more common and quickly become obsolete due to advances in technology. Recycling and proper disposal of e-waste is becoming increasingly important as more electronic devices. From then literature review it is inferred that the E waste was added to the concrete by partial replacement of Fine Aggregates. Recommended dosage of E waste as partial replacement of coarse aggregate was 10 % concrete. Minimum studies were carried out as a partial replacement of fine aggregates. To recommend the optimum percentage of E waste as replacement of fine aggregate. No effective method to prevent the leaching of toxic components from E waste concrete. The Compressive Strength, Split-Tensile strength, Rebound Number, UPV test and Durability tests was carried. Therefore, by incorporation of Silica Fume the mechanical properties such as Compressive strength and Tensile strength are improved. The increase in the % of E- waste decreases the density and hence E-waste concrete can be adopted for light weight construction. The quality of E-waste concrete improved by the incorporation of Silica Fume. which is evident from the rebound hammer and Ultrasonic Pulse velocity results. And also Durability Test results. The Optimum % of E-waste was found to be 5%. Overall, the combination of E-waste and Undensified Silica Fume develop a sustainable concrete which can prevent the unnecessary dumping of E-waste and act as a light weight concrete.

Utilization of a mixture of waste plastic materials and granite particles as a partial replacement of coarse aggregate in concrete blocks

Due to an increase in population, there is a rapid rise in industrialization and urbanization in the country which marshalled the way for infrastructure development which has resulted in heavy usage of natural resources such as Fine Aggregates (Sand), Coarse Aggregates, etc. which are non-renewable. In this paper, we discuss about a method for reusing the plastic wastes and as well as safeguarding the natural aggregates by incorporating them into concrete. It aims at finding out the optimum percentage replacement for natural coarse aggregate with a mixture of plastic and granite pieces coarse aggregate, which can give us the same or more strength and has the same amount of workability as compared to nominal concrete. In this paper, we have worked on the M20 grade of concrete moulds/blocks. Tests were carried out on fine aggregates, high density waste plastics, coarse aggregates, cement, and plastic-granite coarse aggregate to determine their physical properties. Cubes of sizes 0.15 m × 0.15 m × 0.15 m were casted and were tested for 7-days & 28-days of compressive strength.

Structural performance evaluation of concrete mixes containing recycled concrete aggregate and calcined termite mound for low-cost housing

Alternative substitutes to convectional building and construction materials which pose environmental challenges, will be a bonus to the construction industries. This research investigates the suitability of calcined termite mound as partial substitute for cement and recycled concrete aggregate as aggregates substitute in the production of concrete. Termite mound clay in its natural state was obtained, calcined, and pulverized to the fineness of 75 µm. Various concrete mixes were formulated in which Ordinary Portland cement was partially replaced with Calcined Termite Mound (CTM) from 0% to 25% replacement at a step size of 5%, and recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) was also used as a partial replacement of the coarse natural aggregate (NA) at 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% by weight replacement. Compressive strength test, setting time test, slump test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), were used to characterize the test materials and the concrete specimens. The results show that addition of either RCA or CTM will lead to reduction in the compressive strength. However, when RCA is combined with CTM, the optimum combinations suitable for structural load bearing members were found to be 60% RCA, 40% NA with 5% CTM. Other comparable mixes were also discovered.

Plastic and ceramic modified interlock tiles

The construction industry is one of the major exploiters of resources and thus causes environmental degradation. To conserve resources and lessen its impact on the environment, the building sector must therefore rely on innovative techniques. Since plastic is non-biodegradable, managing such wastes have become complicated and daunting. So, one of the best ways to discard them is to use them as resources in construction sector. Therefore, partial replacement of aggregates with plastic and waste ceramic materials in interlock tiles will prove to be both environmentally and economically beneficial. As a result, less plastic and ceramic waste will need to be disposed of in landfills. The primary objective is to produce waste plastic and ceramic modified interlock tiles that are eco-friendly and thus eradicate the problem of disposing them. High density polyethylene (HDPE) and other thermosetting plastics are used for the purpose. Furthermore, the major sources of ceramic wastes include old floor tiles and wash basins. Recycled plastic granules and powdered ceramic was used for the test. Also, no other chemical additives were used. Recycled plastic is incorporated into the concrete without affecting its properties. The experiment is based on a trial-and-error method by partial replacement of fine and coarse aggregate with plastic and ceramic in different proportions. Both modified and conventional paver block samples were prepared for same grade. Compressive Strength, Split Tensile Strength, Flexural Strength, and Water Absorption Tests were done. The experiment showed promising results. In fact, some samples exhibited better strength than conventional interlock tiles. The results so obtained shows that, for sample PFCC05, compressive strength increased by 31 percentage and flexural strength increased by 54 percentage. The new modified paving tiles can be used in any places like parking areas, roads and building compounds where conventional paving tiles were used.

Application of recycled aggregates generated from waste materials towards improvement in acoustical and thermal conductivity of concrete

The construction sector, in addition to being very important for the economy of several countries, also creates a large amount of construction waste which has a significant impact on the environment. Usage of alternative coarse aggregates (ACA) materials for partial replacement or complete replacement of coarse aggregates can be identified from multiple sustainable sources including solid waste generated on a regular basis. There are limited studies that have explored the utility of waste materials for coarse aggregate (WMCA) in improving concrete qualities like compressive strength, thermal conductivity, and acoustic properties. Previous researchers have conducted several feasibility studies of using construction-and-demolition-waste (CDW) in engineering works, which lead economic and environmental sustainability in the construction sector. Studies show that the thermal transmittance (U-Value) of concrete, which varies between 0.62 to 3.33 W/m2K, is affected by the type of aggregates being used. It has also been demonstrated that concrete to be a good sound insulator due to its high density, but a poor sound absorber with a reflection of up to 99% of sound energy. Opportunities for usage of waste materials like coconut shells, crumb rubber aggregate (CRA) from scrap tyres, glass, plastic wastes. e-waste, construction and demolition waste (CDW), polystyrene, styrofoam and polystyrene as partial replacement of CA need investigation in depth. Some previous studies, that examined the utility of alternate materials like scarp tyres, broken bricks, CDW etc. used as partial replacement of CA, have shown promising results. This article presents a literature review on the production and utilization of waste materials for coarse aggregate in concrete for improving the acoustical and thermal properties. Summarily, this review may help in alleviating concerns of consumers and further promote the use of recycled aggregate on a larger scale in civil engineering.

Using marble waste as a partial aggregate replacement in the development of sustainable self-compacting concrete

Increased population growth and industrial development have increased production in various industries, resulting in increased waste production. Increasing consumption of non-renewable resources poses an inherent risk to future generations. In order to reduce the consumption of these valuable resources, a variety of methods can be used, one of which is the use of waste produced by various industries. This research investigated the feasibility of employing waste from marble mining byproducts to make structural concrete. This study replaced various percentages of marble with fine aggregates to determine their effects on compressive strength, bending strength, impact behavior, and water absorption of sustainable self-compacting concrete (SCC). Regarding the effects of recycled marble aggregates on mechanical properties, it has been discovered that substituting marble waste with sand can increase compressive and flexural strength. It has been determined, via testing on disk samples, that the amount of steel fibers have a much greater effect on the impact resistance of the specimens than the amount of recycled components. Fiber bridging has been shown to significantly affect the final strength of specimens containing fibers and the number of blows required for the first surface fracture to appear in fiber-containing specimens. This is in comparison to the sample that served as the reference. In addition to this, increasing the replacement percentage of recycled aggregates in the specimens causes them to have a greater resistance to the impact loads applied to them. In examining the effect of replacing marble aggregates on water absorption, it was found that no specific trend could be indentified. Based on the findings, it was determined that SCC with recycled marble aggregate performed satisfactorily.

High strength fiber reinforced concrete with steel slag as partial replacement of coarse aggregate: Overview on mechanical and microstructure analysis

The growth in construction development and an increase in the number of predisposed waste products has instigated vendors and investigators in studying the use of substitute resources that valor preserve usual resources and defend ecology, helping the reduction of aggregate occupying 70% volume in concrete. Steel slag, a byproduct of steel industry can be used to substitute aggregates in standard concrete mixtures. Steel slag has essentially identical properties to ordinary aggregates and is easily obtained as a byproduct of the steel industry. Steel slag usage conserves natural resources and cleans the environment. This work primarily intends to study the mechanical behaviour of high strength fiber reinforced concrete (HSFRC) of M70 grade such in compression and tension tests, by replacing coarse aggregate by 40 %, 45 % and 50% with steel slag and pondering 1 % of steel fibers. The microstructure of concrete mixes is analysed, results indicated that 50% replacement has better performance in the strength and microstructural aspects.