Partial Replacement Of Coarse Aggregate Research Articles

An Experimental Study on Strength and Durability of Concrete by Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregate with Steel Waste and Fine Aggregate with Copper Waste

Global warming and environmental destruction have become the major issue in recent years. Emission of greenhouse gases from industries has impact on climate change. Preventing the depletion of natural resources and enhancing the usage of waste materials has become a challenge to the scientist and engineers. A number of studies have been conducted concerning the protection of natural resources, prevention of environmental pollution and contribution to the economy by using this waste material. The major byproducts of industry are slag. To solve the problem in effective manner slag is use in concrete by replacing natural coarse aggregate. In this study, the replacement was done with coarse aggregate by steel waste and copper for a M20 grade of concrete is used for a water cement ratio of 0.40.Tests on compressive strength at 7 days and14 days are conducted on specimens. The optimum strength is obtained on 30% replacement of coarse aggregate and fine aggregate by steel waste and copper waste. All mechanical properties were enhanced with the use of copper slag. Copper slag improved the resistance against chloride penetration. 40% copper slag partial replacement enhanced the properties of self-compacting concrete, and up to 60% of fine aggregate can be substituted with industrial copper waste. By this investigation, copper slag can be used as a sustainable building material.

Experimental Investigation on Strength and Workability Properties of Concrete with Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregate by E-Waste.

Experimental Investigation on Strength and Workability Properties of Concrete with Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregate by E-Waste.

Experimental Study Compressive Strength of Concrete With Palm Shells as a Partial Replacement for Coarse Aggregate

Experimental Study Compressive Strength of Concrete With Palm Shells as a Partial Replacement for Coarse Aggregate

An experimental study of concrete with expanded clay replacement

This paper describes the mechanical characteristics of concrete that has expanded clay in partial replacement of coarse aggregates. Its properties are compared to conventional concrete in terms of compressive strength. The compressive strength of various mixes with replacement ratios of 20%, 30%, and 40% of coarse aggregate by expanded clay was investigated. These aggregates have a lower specific gravity and a higher water absorption rate. The prepared specimens were tested after 3, 7, and 28 days. When compared to regular concrete, there was a slight reduction in the mechanical properties. There is a decline in the strength as the percentage increases. The optimum ratio was found to be 20%, providing 72% of the strength of conventional concrete. Expansive Clay aggregate concretes have characteristics that suggest they could be one of the materials used to create structural concrete in the future. This leads to the conclusion that expanded clay aggregates can be substituted to create concrete more cost effectively.

Effects of Coating Aggregates on Dynamic Properties of Concrete by Impact Resonance Method

Concrete structures may be subjected to dynamic loadings like earthquakes, impact, and vehicular loads. These loads may cause considerable damage to infrastructures and shorten their life span. To reduce the effects, improving concrete’s dynamic properties is important. This can be done using granular elastic components and fibers in the production of concrete. This research explores the influence of using coated aggregates on the physical, mechanical, and dynamic properties of concrete. Experimental investigation on concrete with epoxy, epoxy-sand, and epoxy-crumb rubber as a partial replacement of coarse aggregates at different volume fractions ranging from 5% to 20% was conducted. Furthermore, the dynamic modulus of elasticity of concrete with coated aggregate was determined by measuring the resonant frequencies of flexural vibrations in a prismatic beam using an impactor (hammer). Results indicate that partial replacement of epoxy-crumb rubber coated aggregates in concrete shows a reduction in mechanical proprieties. However, significant improvements in the mechanical and dynamic properties of concrete were observed by the partial replacement of coarse aggregates with epoxy and epoxy-sand coated aggregates. Compressive strength and dynamic elastic modulus were enhanced by 12% and 10%, respectively, when concrete with 15% epoxy-sand coated was used. The results showed that concrete specimens using epoxy and epoxy-sand coated as a partial replacement for coarse aggregate have higher mechanical properties as compared to those of concrete specimens with epoxy-crumb rubber-coated aggregates. Moreover, the results showed that the calculated values of the dynamic modulus of concrete using the empirical relations proposed by Popovics and Hansen were overestimated as compared to the experimental values.

Waste Plastic Induced in Self Compacting Concrete to Avoid Plastic Pollution

Abstract: In this present study the plastic aggregate obtained from E-waste is used as a partial replacement of coarse aggregate in self-compacting concrete. An experimental investigation on the fresh, hardened characteristics of concrete using M40 grade of Self compacting concrete are carried out by casting standard concrete with various volume fractions of plastic aggregate such as 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% to determine optimal dosage. The fresh properties of SCC reveal that the workability of concrete are improved by using plastic aggregate. Strength properties such as compressive strength shows that up to 30% substitution of coarse aggregate there is no major change in compressive strength as compared to normal concrete. Beyond that there is drop in compressive strength for 50% replacement of coarse aggregate by plastic aggregate. Split tensile strength, Flexural strength and Young modulus of concrete increases for 10% plastic aggregate. Beyond that strength decreases upto 50% replacement. Impact strength decreases for all replacement levels.

Experimental Study About Effect Iron Slag on The Shear Strength of Reinforced Concrete Beams Without Shear Reinforcement

In the last decades, researchers have become more interested in the environmental aspect of investing materials harmful to the environment in various aspects of life, including construction. Slag is considered as one of the industrial wastes that are harmful to the environment. There are many studies on the use of slag as a substitute for building materials because it adds an excellent property to concrete. In this study, the iron slag was used as a partial replacement of coarse aggregate and fine aggregate in different proportions, the study conducts to know its effects on the shear strength of reinforced concrete beams. Ten R.C. beams without shear reinforcement (1100×100×200) mm were studied using iron slag as a coarse aggregate with a ratio of 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%, as a fine aggregate with a ratio of 10%, 20% and 30%, and partial substitute for coarse aggregate by 7.5% and partial substitute for fine aggregate by 7.5% in the same model, finally, partial substitute for coarse aggregate by 15% and partial substitute for fine aggregate by 15% in the same model. According to the test results, it was found that the optimal proportion of replacing slag with coarse aggregate is 20%, which resulted in a 24.58% increase in peak load. While the optimal proportion of replacing slag with fine aggregate by 20%, resulting in a 24.3% increase in peakload.

Machine Learning Models for the Prediction of the Compressive Strength of Self-Compacting Concrete Incorporating Incinerated Bio-Medical Waste Ash

Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is a special form of high-performance concrete that is highly efficient in its filling, flowing, and passing abilities. In this study, an attempt has been made to model the compressive strength (CS) of SCC mixes using machine-learning approaches. The SCC mixes were designed considering lightweight expandable clay aggregate (LECA) as a partial replacement for coarse aggregate; ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) as a partial replacement for binding material (cement); and incinerated bio-medical waste ash (IBMWA) as a partial replacement for fine aggregate. LECA, GGBS, and IBMWA were replaced with coarse aggregate, cement, and fine aggregate, respectively at different substitution levels of 10%, 20%, and 30%. M30-grade SCC mixes were designed for two different water/binder ratios—0.40 and 0.45—and the CS of the SCC mixes was experimentally determined along with the fresh state properties assessed by slump-flow, L-box, J-ring, and V-funnel tests. The CS of the SCC mixes obtained from the experimental analysis was considered for machine learning (ML)-based modeling using paradigms such as artificial neural networks (ANN), gradient tree boosting (GTB), and CatBoost Regressor (CBR). The ML models were developed considering the compressive strength of SCC as the target parameter. The quantities of materials (in terms of %), water-to-binder ratio, and density of the SCC specimens were used as input variables to simulate the ML models. The results from the experimental analysis show that the optimum replacement percentages for cement, coarse, and fine aggregates were 30%, 10%, and 20%, respectively. The ML models were successful in modeling the compressive strength of SCC mixes with higher accuracy and the least errors. The CBR model performed relatively better than the other two ML models, with relatively higher efficiency (KGE = 0.9671) and the least error (mean absolute error = 0.52 MPa) during the testing phase.

Effect of lightweight expanded clay aggregate as partial replacement of coarse aggregate on the mechanical properties of fire-exposed concrete

Abstract As aggregate material typically comprises 65–75% of concrete volume and has a significant effect on its mechanical properties, aggregate type considerably affects concrete behavior at high temperatures. In this study, 80 concrete cylinders and 60 cubes were cast to investigate the residual strength of normal concrete that contains lightweight expanded clay aggregate (LECA) with different volumetric replacement ratios (0, 10, 20, and 30%) of the coarse aggregate. After the fire flame exposure effect of steady-state temperatures (300, 400, 500, and 600°C), and a sudden cooling process, the mechanical tests (compressive strength, tensile strength, and modulus of elasticity; Ec), as well as mass loss and thermal conductivity, were carried out on the specimens. The results indicate that increasing the LECA content in the mixture leads to better strength retention after exposure to fire. After exposure to a steady-state temperature of 600°C, the amount of decrease in mass, residual compressive and tensile strengths, and the residual amount of Ec were 7.61, 7.5, 7.16, and 6.24%; 57.1, 66.8, 69.8, and 72.0%; 22.4, 32.7, 41.8, and 48.6%;, and 16.0, 22.3, 23.4, and 24.3%, respectively, for the considered volumetric replacement ratios of 0, 10, 20, and 30%. Also, the values of the thermal conductivity were 1.4889, 1.1667, 1.0912, and 1.0410 W/m K, respectively.

A comparative study on partial replacement of coarse aggregates in concrete with sustainable waste materials

The present study focuses on identifying suitable and sustainable waste materials in concrete by replacing for coarse aggregates. Investigations have been conducted to determine how well the inappropriate wastes, palm kernel shells, periwinkle shells, and coconut shells perform as substitute for coarse materials in concrete. PKS, PS, and CS were developed as a replacement in 45 cubes and cylinders. Tests were conducted on their characteristic strength in compression and elasticity and workability. Concrete's elasticity and compressive capabilities declined when PKS, PS, and CS concentration rose. When compared with Periwinkle Shell Concrete (PSC), Coconut Shells Concrete, Palm Kernel Shell Concrete (PKSC) had lesser tensile and compressive strengths for all curing periods (CSC). The 28-day control concrete's constrict and elastic strength was 25 N/mm2 and 12 N/mm2, respectively. Considering PKSC, strength needed with 25% of replacement were 22 N/mm2 and 8.2 N/mm2; on 25% replacement, PS exhibited a compressive and elasticity of 21 N/mm2 and 10.4 N/mm2, respectively, while 25% replacement, the CS exhibited the values of 22 N/mm2 and 11 N/mm2, respectively. Thus a 25% replacement with the alternative materials satisfied the member strength of control concrete. Besides the technical assurance, the use of the ‘alternatives’ flags the usefulness of reusing the waste materials to protect the ecology of the area. Such cross sectoral material reuse may act as a game-changer in both the donor and receiver sectors. It also means that the world's building companies may conserve billions of tonnes of organic coarse aggregates and make significant financial savings thereby conserving our environment.

Experimental investigation on concrete using animal bones as a partial replacement of coarse aggregate in addition of alccofine as an admixture

An experimental study of the suitability of the machine crushed animal bones as a partial replacement for coarse aggregate and in addition to alccofine as an admixture in concrete works has been carried out. This project mainly focused on the preservation of coarse aggregate for future generation and the concrete works has been carried out in the reducing construction cost. Mechanical tests like compression, spilt tensile, flexural strength test conducted on cubes, cylinders of M20 concrete and cured for 14 days and 28 days. The samples were immersed in normal water and sea water for the purpose of curing and replacement level of normal coarse aggregate with animal bone by weight and comparative study has been made between normal concrete and animal bone concrete along with alccofine additive. From this experiment the use of alccofine found to increase the strength, workability, mechanical, durability properties and reduce the heat of hydration, segregation and permeability of animal bone concrete.

Machine learning optimization and prediction of waste glass used as partial replacement of coarse aggregate in concrete

Machine learning optimization and prediction of waste glass used as partial replacement of coarse aggregate in concrete

Feasibility study on utilisation of discarded waste material as a partial replacement for coarse aggregate in concrete

Electronic waste, or Discarded waste. The electronic goods that have become unwanted, non-functional, or out-of-date, and have meritoriously grasped the end of their worthwhile lives are known as Discarded waste. Aluminium, bronze, gold, silver, resins, and ferrous metals are just a few of the valuable, reusable materials that can be found in waste that has been discarded. All across the world, discarded waste disposal is a routine occurrence. The usage of Discarded waste materials is only a piece of the puzzle when it comes to environmental and ecological challenges. Concrete is the most significant engineering material, and changing the concrete philosophy may be more achievable by adding or replacing some of the ingredients. The research of concrete employing E trash as a limited replacement for coarse clusters is presented in this work. For various substitutions of coarse aggregate with Discarded waste on M30 grade concrete, the compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength of concrete were investigated. The concrete gains higher compressive strength after 15 percent partial replacement of coarse aggregate with E trash at 7 and 28 days. The greatest optimum content of the discarded waste-replaced concrete occurs at 15% partial replacement of coarse aggregate accordingly as part of this project.

Effects on jute fiber and ferrochrome slag as coarse aggregate on mechanical properties of reinforced concrete

The present research work aims to produce by adding jute fiber (JF) with ferrochrome slag (FSA) as coarse aggregate. The experimental results of all the properties of jute fiber with ferrochrome slag (FSA) based concrete are compared to controlled concrete and efficient, technically acceptable and environmentally compatible construction material. From compressive strength, flexural strength and split tensile test results, it is observed that ferrochrome slag -based concrete samples' incorporation of jute fiber shows better performance than that of controlled concrete. Further, non -destructive tests and co-relation between compressive strength with split tensile strength and flexural strength are performed. This study focuses on the reuse of waste ferrochrome slag as a partial replacement for coarse aggregate in the production of cement concrete with improved mechanical properties and non-destructive tests. Ferrochrome slag was replaced by coarse aggregate with various percentages ranging from 0%, 50% and 100% by adding 0.10%, 0.20% and 0.30% JF (by weight). The workability test was performed to evaluate the concrete behaviour in a fresh state. The result shows that adding the percentages of jute fiber up to 0.10% shows 4.83%, 3.2% and 3.4% more compressive, split and flexural strength than the control concrete.

Predicting Compressive Strength of M20 Concrete with Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregates by Nueva Ecija Sourced Recycled Portland Cement Concrete Pavement using XGBoost Algorithm

This research delves into the potential impact of replacing the coarse aggregates in M20 concrete with recycled concrete. The study aims to explore the possibility of recycling waste material from road construction to address sustainability challenges in the construction industry, especially in developing countries like the Philippines. The research adopts an experimental design involving preparing and testing recycled concrete aggregates, alongside sample preparation and testing. The study also employs the XGBoost machine learning algorithm to help predict the compressive strength of concrete. The XGBoost algorithm was trained using fine-tuned hyperparameters, and the model's evaluation was done using R-squared and Root Mean Squared Error. The research findings indicate a positive correlation between RCA content and compressive strength, with the average compressive strength of concrete mixtures increasing over time. The XGBoost outperforms the Multi Linear Regression model in predicting compressive strength, and incorporating RCA within the optimal range can enhance the strength properties of concrete. The study concludes that the XGBoost model with fine-tuned hyperparameters is reliable for predicting compressive strength, contributing to sustainable concrete production and reliable strength outcomes.

Atili Seed Shell as Partial Replacement of coarse Aggregate in No-fines Concrete

Atili Seed Shell as Partial Replacement of coarse Aggregate in No-fines Concrete

Performance of recycled Bakelite plastic waste as eco-friendly aggregate in the concrete beams

The use of plastic waste as a partial or complete replacement for coarse aggregate in concrete mixtures has been studied in recent years. However, the quality and quantity of coarse plastic waste particles have been a challenge. This study aims to investigate the mechanical performance of concrete with Bakelite plastic waste as a partial replacement for coarse aggregate. Six different concrete mixtures with various Bakelite dosages, ranging from 0 % to 10 %, were tested. The results indicate that the addition of Bakelite plastic alters the behaviour of the concrete and reduces compressive and flexural strengths at lower dosages. The inclusion of Bakelite waste in concrete mixtures generally leads to a decrease in compressive and split tensile strength, with the exception of the mixture containing 6 % Bakelite, which showed increased strength. Although there is a slight reduction in flexural strength, Bakelite waste prevents sudden specimen breakage and maintains specimen integrity. The ultimate load capacity of reinforced concrete beams with Bakelite waste is generally lower compared to the control beam, except for the 8 % waste Bakelite beam which demonstrated a similar ultimate load capacity of 60 kN. Although managing Bakelite waste can be difficult because it can lead to the creation of microplastics in landfills over time, utilizing Bakelite waste in concrete can be a sustainable method of waste management. The innovative use of Bakelite waste as a partial replacement for coarse aggregate in concrete offers a sustainable solution to the problem of waste management and addresses the environmental concerns related to the disposal of non-biodegradable plastics. This research provides a practical solution for developing eco-friendly and cost-effective construction materials while promoting sustainable waste management practices.

To Study the Properties of Concrete Mix on Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregate with Burnt Bricks

These days, materials such as over-burned bricks blast are employed as an alternative to coarse aggregates. This paper investigates the physical features of concrete formed with burned bricks blast. Natural rock is by far the most common coarse aggregate used in concrete, however not all types of rock appropriate for concrete production are available everywhere. Due to a paucity of aggregate from natural sources in India's north-eastern states, brick aggregate concrete is commonly utilised for ordinary concrete. Due to advancements in concrete technology and to meet the requirements for durability, As a result of the need to utilise standard concrete, which only uses stone aggregate, construction costs have increased as materials are carried from other states. Making good quality concrete with the finest sand (grading zone – IV as per Indian code IS:383-1970) is difficult enough, but the natural coarse aggregate is scarce locally. Burnt brick aggregate has a high-water absorption rate (12 to 20% by mass), which makes it difficult to utilise in practical work. As a result, an attempt has been made to provide a viable solution for real-world use. To test various strength characteristics, an experimental investigation was done. In our project, waste material was employed as a coarse aggregate while simultaneously keeping the strength of the concrete. The effects of a percentage replacement of stone aggregates with burn brick aggregates on the compressive strength of concrete are presented in this study. Concrete cubes of M25 grade samples containing various percentages of brick aggregate, such as 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%, are made 7-, 14-, and 28-days tests were performed.

A state-of-the-art review - mechanical properties of light weight concrete by utilizing sintered fly ash aggregate

Utilization of concrete increases rapidly which led to depletion of natural resources. In order to resolve problem on scarcity of coarse aggregate, various artificial aggregate material can be partially replaced in coarse aggregate like sintered fly ash aggregate, palm kernel shell or coconut shell can reduce disposal problems. Harmful effect of concrete can be reduced by iterate structural efficiency and its performance characteristics of concrete. Present findings focuses on feasibility of making structural light weight concrete using sintered fly ash aggregate and researches on use of sintered fly ash aggregate and other material as partial replacement of coarse aggregate for producing light weight concrete. According to a literature review, these aggregates are 16–46% lighter and more capable of absorbing water than aggregates of similar weight. The concrete produced using sintered fly ash demonstrated strong mechanical and structural qualities. Sintered fly ash aggregate concrete has compressive strength between 22 and 43 MPa and densities between 1600 and 2000 kg/m3. Concrete made using fly ash aggregate appears to function well in structural applications. Concrete using sintered fly ash aggregate has been considered as a possible structural concrete material.

Optimization of plastic waste integration in cement bricks

Implementing plastic waste in construction materials is a sustainable disposal method to overcome plastic pollution. The current study aims to optimize the integration of plastic waste in cement bricks regarding their thermomechanical properties in order to develop an eco-friendly building material. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) partially substituted cement with different ratios (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 20%). The type that achieved better thermomechanical performance further replaced the other brick components; sand and coarse aggregates to determine the optimum replacement scenario and best design mix. Laboratory experiments have been carried out to measure the compressive strength, indirect tensile strength, bulk density, and thermal conductivity of the new composites. The measured results revealed better performance for the samples with HDPE than PET. A boost in the compressive strength and indirect tensile strength was noticed for the samples obtaining a limited amount (up to 7.5%) of HDPE. However, a reduction in the tested mechanical properties occurs with higher substitution levels. With respect to thermal conductivity and bulk density, they decreased with the increase of plastic waste. The best mechanical behavior and the highest thermal resistance were obtained by partial replacement of coarse aggregates with 7.5% and 20% HDPE respectively. The results represent a good contribution to energy conservation, waste management and sustainability.