Partial Rejection Research Articles

The Zinc Compound Test

A common cliché that many of you no doubt recall from more studious yesteryears deals with that popular laboratory procedure, the sink test. By way of a questionable pun, many dermatologists have developed the impression that therapy with zinc compounds should be similarly regarded. The purpose of this editorial is to examine an aliquot part of current information regarding zinc metabolism and therapy that may give us an objective look at the past and, perhaps, some direction for the future. We have gone through other eras of trace-element physiology and have gradually come to recognize the rather specific requirements, for example, for iron and iodine as well as their deficiency syndromes. Now it's the era of zinc.^1,2Others wait in the wings. With the introduction of any new therapeutic agent, many clinicians follow a predictable course of initial enthusiasm and overutilization, followed by partial rejection at the first signs

The redistribution of implanted dopants after metal-silicide formation

The redistribution of implanted As and Sb following metal-silicide formation of Pt, Pd, and Ni has been studied. The phases of the silicides used were PtSi, Pd2Si, and NiSi. Investigations with Rutherford backscattering analysis showed that after the formation of the silicides, the Sb was always found in the silicide layer near the surface of the samples, whereas PtSi and Pd2Si caused a partial rejection of As for implanted doses of 2×1015 cm−2 and higher. No rejection of As was found after the formation of NiSi. The results are discussed in terms of solid solubilities and impurity-metal compound formation. The data presented has implications in the fabrication of Ohmic contacts and the adjustments of the heights of Schottky barriers on silicon.

Acceleration of graft rejection by pretreatment of the graft donor with recipient cells (donor sensitization)

Immunization of mice with enzyme-treated allogeneic tissue resulted in accelerated rejections when skin from the immunized mice was transplanted to recipients syngeneic with the tissue donors. This accelerated rejection was restricted to the recipient whose tissue was used to sensitize the donor. Further, skin grafts from one parental strain sensitized to the other parental strain usually underwent a partial rejection when placed on the F 1 hybrid. It is suggested that under these experimental conditions the transplanted skin appeared to have an active role in the rejection process.

The Mechanism of Partial Rejection by Ultrafiltration Membranes

Abstract For molecules only slightly smaller than the pores of a membrane, the fraction rejected depends on product flow rate, molecular shape and diffusivity, and membrane structure. A significant factor for dilute solutions is the reduced flow of solution in pores containing a solute molecule compared to the flow of solvent in adjacent empty pores.

The effect of cortisone acetate treatment on the growth of Hymenolepis microstoma in mice.

It has been demonstrated that Hymenolepis microstoma in mice treated with cortisone grow larger than those in control mice.The possibility of this being an immunosuppressive or growth-stimulating effect is discussed since the results from two strains of mice are different.Antibody production is suppressed in the cortisone-treated animals and it is suggested that the circulating antibody normally affects a partial rejection of the worm.I am grateful to Professor C. A. Hopkins and Dr T. S. C. Orr for many helpful comments during the course of this work and especially to Professor C. A. Hopkins for the facilities which he has placed at my disposal. Many thanks also to Miss Gillian Moore and Mr Jack Keys for their expert technical assistance. This work was in part supported by a grant from Fisons Pharmaceuticals Ltd.

Nihilist into Activist: Two Phases in the Development of Bertolt Brecht

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size NotesTrommeln in der Nacht (2. Auflage; München: Dreimasken, 1923); Baal (Potsdam: Kiepenheuer, 1922), henceforth referred to as BB.; Bert Brechts Hampostille (Berlin: Propyläen, 1927), henceforth referred to as BH. Note the following additional titles and abbreviations—BW, I: Gesammelte Werke, Vol. I (London: Malik, 1938); Hays: Bertolt Brecht, Selected Poems, translated and introduced by H. R. Hays (New York: Reynal and Hitchcock, 1947); V.: Versuche (Berlin: G. Kiepenheuer); V., 1–3: Versuche, 1–3 (1930); V., 4–7: Versuche, 4–7 (1930) (includes Das Badener Lehrstück, also included in BW, I); V., 8–10: Versuche, 8–10 (1931 [?]); V.,11–12: Versuche, 11–12 (1931) (includes Die Maßnahme); V., 13: Versuche, 13 (1932) (includes Die heilige Johanna der Schlachthöfe; cf. also BW, I); V., 15–16: Versuche, 15–16 (n.d.).—Mahagonny (1927) and Die Dreigroschenoper (1928) are among Brecht’s best-known works (cf. BW, I, for both). However, they are transitional in character. Perhaps the sensational success of Die Dreigroschenoper was due in part to the fact that it contained elements of both the earlier nihiliem and the later social doctrine. While these libretti are interesting, and representative of the period in which they were written, it is advisable for the present purpose to limit the discussion to thoee works which exhibit most clearly the contrast between the first and the second stage in Brecht’s writing.The following essay is based on a chapter in a Ph.D. diseertation entitled “The Writer’s Image of the Writer: A Study in the ldeologies of Six German Authors, 1918–33,” Columbia University, 1951.See BB, p. 7, or the author’s preoccupation with drowned girls, for instance, in Hays, p. 48. Baal drives his mistresses into suicide, preferably in the river, and kills his lover Ekart.See for instance, “Orges Gesang” in BB, p. 22, and the toned-down version in BH, pp. 36–37.See BH p. 50.See for instance Hays, p. 42.See Clement Greenberg, “Bertolt Brecht’s Poetry,” Partisan Review, VIII (1941), 114–27.“A New Technique of Acting,” Theatre Arta, XXXIII (January, 1949), 38. This is merely a concise restatement of Brecht’s old theories.“Prospectus of the Diderot Society” (1937, unpublished), quoted in Mordecai Gorelik, New Theatrea for Old (New York: French, 1940), pp. 467–68.For a modification and partial rejection of this view in the recent past, see Brecht’s “Kleines Organon für das Theater” in Sinn und Form: Sonderheft Bertolt Brecht (Potsdam: Rütten und Loening, 1949), pp. 11–41.“Fünf Schwierigkeiten beim Schreiben der Wahrheit,” Unsere Zeit, VIII (April, 1935), 25.Cf. M. Gorelik, loc. cit.“Fünf Schwierigkeiten … ” pp. 24, 28.“Beneath the socialist is what we might call the Confucian” (E. R. Bentley, The Playwright as Thinker [New York: Reynal and Hitchcock, 1946], p. 268).For this interpretation see for instance V., 4–7, pp. 144 ff.See “Fünf Schwierigkeiten … ” pp. 24–31.See for instance “Fünf Schwierigkeiten…”; “Das Experiment” in Kalendergeschichten (Berlin: Verlag Neues Leben, n.d.), pp. 41–58; Leben des Galilei (Manuscript, Microfilm, New York Public Library).“Die Hilfeverweigerung,” V., 4–7, p. 134.He “splits the audience according to classes,” or rather, he addresses only those who can be proletarianized (See, V., 15–16, p. 131 and “Fünf Schwierigkeiten … ” p. 28).In his comments on lay performers and on active audience participation, Brecht makes it quite clear that “an artistic and superficial” integration is futile and contemptible (See V., 4–7, p. 148). Evidently the mood required for a communal exercise is not conducive to the attainment of a dispassionate verdict.For Der Jasager und der Neinsager see V., 11–12.The expression was quoted to me by Dr. Hanna Arendt.Sergei Tretyakov, “Bert Brecht,” International Literature, No. 5 (May, 1937), p. 61.See for instance V., 4–7, p. 134 or V., 15–16, p. 75.