Partial Rehabilitation Research Articles

The Sraffa-Hayek Debate on the Natural Rate of Interest

Hayek's Prices and Production, based on his hugely successful lectures at LSE in 1931, was the first English presentation of Austrian business-cycle theory, and established Hayek as a leading business-cycle theorist. Sraffa's 1932 review of Prices and Production seems to have been instrumental in turning opinion against Hayek and the Austrian theory. A key element of Sraffa's attack was that Hayek’s idea of a natural rate of interest, reflecting underlying real relationships, undisturbed by monetary factors, was, even from Hayek's own perspective, incoherent, because, without money, there is a multiplicity of own rates, none of which can be uniquely identified as the natural rate of interest. Although Hayek's response failed to counter Sraffa’s argument, Ludwig Lachmann later observed that Keynes's treatment of own rates in Chapter 17 of the General Theory (itself a generalization of Fisher’s (1896) distinction between the real and nominal rates of interest) undercut Sraffa's criticism. Own rates, Keynes showed, cannot deviate from each other by more than expected price appreciation plus the cost of storage and the commodity service flow, so that anticipated asset yields are equalized in intertemporal equilibrium. Thus, on Keynes's analysis in the General Theory, the natural rate of interest is indeed well-defined. However, Keynes’s revision of Sraffa’s own-rate analysis provides only a partial rehabilitation of Hayek's natural rate. There being no unique price level or rate of inflation in a barter system, no unique money natural rate of interest can be specified. Hayek implicitly was reasoning in terms of a constant nominal value of GDP, but barter relationships cannot identify any path for nominal GDP, let alone a constant one, as uniquely compatible with intertemporal equilibrium.

Short Implants in Maxillary and Mandibular Rehabilitations: Interim Results (6 to 42 Months) of a Prospective Study

The aim of this single-cohort study was to evaluate clinical survival and success of partial rehabilitation supported by reduced-length implants in maxilla and mandible. Data from 53 short implants placed in 41 patients are presented. Before surgery mean residual bone height was 6.21 ± 1.05 mm in the upper jaw and 10.73 ± 1.63 mm in the mandible. None of the implants failed, and the cumulative survival rate was 100% at 1 year after prosthetic loading. Mean peri-implant bone loss was 0.69 ± 0.24 mm for maxillary implants and 0.73 ± 0.23 mm for mandibular implants, and there was no significant difference between the 2 jaws. No complications were recorded. Despite the limitations of this study concerning study design and sample size, short implants may be considered effective in supporting partial rehabilitation in both maxilla and mandible. More well-designed studies with a larger sample size and longer follow-up are needed to validate the use of short implants.

Wpływ kinezyterapii na ruchomość stawową i wzmacnianie wybranych mięśni kończyny dolnej po epizodzie skręcenia stawu kolanowego

Introduction: Traumatic damage to the knee joint by twisting is a common health problem in people of all ages. Aim of the research: To compare the results of 3-week complex physiotherapy (kinesiotherapy and physiotherapy) with partial physiotherapy (physical therapy) in the process of rehabilitation of the knee joint after twisting. Material and methods: A factor differentiating groups was medical gymnastics – kinesiotherapy. Fifty patients of the Rehabilitation Unit of the District Hospital in Staszow divided into two numerically equal groups of subjects (25 people each) were assessed twice (before and after improving physiotherapy) for muscle strength and range of movement of the knee joint. Each participant of the rehabilitation had the healthy lower limb compared to the injured one treated with physiotherapy activities in terms of the above-mentioned indicators. The age of patients with damage to the knee joint was between 20 and 64 years old. The median age was 42 years. The patients were from urban and rural areas of the Staszow town region. They represented various professions. Results: The applied physiotherapy improved muscle strength (measured in Lovett scale points) and increased the range of movements (defined in degrees with a goniometer) of the injured knee. While assessing the effects of the therapy, there was no significant difference between the groups of studied subjects who underwent complex and partial rehabilitation. Conclusions: The obtained results of rehabilitation showed that the model of physiotherapy enhanced with physical exercise allows for faster muscle growth and increases the amplitude of the range of motion in the injured joint.

Danish heart patients’ participation in and experience with rehabilitation

This study investigated the proportion of Danish patients in cardiac therapy for ischaemic heart disease who participated in cardiac rehabilitation. The study examined differences in patients' participation in and experience and satisfaction with cardiac rehabilitation. Data were obtained from a postal questionnaire in a representative sample of patients in therapy for an ischaemic heart disease. Response data were tabulated and analysed by logistic regression. 3% of the patients participated in a complete rehabilitation programme according to Danish standards, 47% of the patients participated in a partial rehabilitation programme, and additionally 32% of the patients participated in a very limited rehabilitation programme. The number of patients participating in a complete rehabilitation programme was low due to the fact that only few patients (and their relatives) received psychological support. The factors living alone and low education are associated with low participation and in particular with receiving psychological support. Elderly (≥50 years) and male patients showed higher satisfaction scores. Patients receiving psychosocial elements in their rehabilitation programme reported higher satisfaction with their rehabilitation. Few Danish patients with ischaemic heart disease participate in a complete rehabilitation programme mainly due to psychosocial elements not yet being an integral part of cardiac rehabilitation in Denmark. There is a need to differentiate and tailor cardiac rehabilitation to different patient segments, e.g. by gender and age.

Logical questions behind the lottery and preface paradoxes: lossy rules for uncertain inference

We reflect on lessons that the lottery and preface paradoxes provide for the logic of uncertain inference. One of these lessons is the unreliability of the rule of conjunction of conclusions in such contexts, whether the inferences are probabilistic or qualitative; this leads us to an examination of consequence relations without that rule, the study of other rules that may nevertheless be satisfied in its absence, and a partial rehabilitation of conjunction as a ‘lossy’ rule. A second lesson is the possibility of rational inconsistent belief; this leads us to formulate criteria for deciding when an inconsistent set of beliefs may reasonably be retained.

Programas de reabilitação pulmonar em pacientes com DPOC

Pulmonary rehabilitation programs are aimed at providing benefits to COPD patients, in various aspects. Our objective was to review the literature on COPD patient rehabilitation. This systematic review involved articles written in English, Spanish, or Portuguese; published between 2005 and 2009; and indexed in national and international databases. Articles were classified in accordance with the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease criteria for the determination of the level of scientific evidence (grade of recommendation A, B, or C). The outcome measures were exercise, quality of life, symptoms, exacerbations, mortality, and pulmonary function. Treatments were classified as standard rehabilitation, partial rehabilitation, strength exercises, and resistance exercises. Of the 40 articles selected, 4, 18, and 18 were classified as grades A, B, and C, respectively. Of the 181 analyses made in these articles, 61, 50, 23, 23, 20, and 4, respectively, were related to the outcome measures quality of life, exercise, symptoms, exacerbations, pulmonary function, and mortality. The standard rehabilitation programs showed positive effects on all of the outcomes evaluated, except for mortality (because of the small number of analyses). However, we found no differences among the various rehabilitation programs regarding their effects on the outcomes studied. Rehabilitation programs can be considered important tools for the treatment of COPD. Therefore, health administrators should implement public policies including such programs in the routine of health care facilities.

Implants (3.3 mm Diameter) for the Rehabilitation of Edentulous Posterior Regions: A Retrospective Clinical Study with Up to 11 Years of Follow‐Up

There is limited evidence for the use of narrow-diameter implants for rehabilitation of the posterior regions of the jaws using different surgical techniques. The purpose of this study was to report the clinical results of implant-supported prosthetic rehabilitations in the posterior regions of both jaws, using narrow-diameter implants. The study included 147 patients (115 males and 32 females), with an age range of 26 to 77 years (mean = 47.5 years), with a total of 247 implants inserted and followed between 1 and 11 years, with a median follow-up time of 5 years. The patients were in need of fixed prosthetic implant-supported rehabilitations in the posterior region of the jaw, presenting a reduced interradicular bone or a thin alveolar crest. The implant survival estimate was computed using the Kaplan-Meier product limit estimator. The survival rate for narrow diameter implants was 95.1% at 11 years (Kaplan-Meier), with a distribution of 91.4% at 11 years, 95.9% at 10 years, and 95.5% at 9 years for the two-stage, one-stage, and immediate function techniques, respectively. The mean marginal bone resorption recorded at 1, 5, and 10 years were 1.16, 1.53, and 1.74 mm, respectively. Backward conditional logistic regression identified "type of implant" as a strong protective factor against implant failure (MkIII and NobelSpeedy implants compared to the MkII implant; OR = 0.14), and "type of rehabilitation" as a strong risk factor for implant failure (partial rehabilitations compared to single teeth rehabilitations; OR = 4.75). The results indicate that within the limitations of this study, the use of narrow-diameter implants for the prosthetic rehabilitation of posterior regions of the jaws is viable, with good outcomes in the long-term, irrespective of the surgical technique implemented.

"Gladstone bags, shooting boots, and Bryant & May's matches": Empire, Commerce, and the Imperial Romance in the Graphic's Serialization of H. Rider Haggard's She

By 1980s, critical consensus cast Haggard's fiction, and romance revival more generally, uncomplicated expression of a crudely jingoist, racist, and misogynist imperialism (see Bristow 127-46, Gilbert and Gubar 5-46, Katz, and Showalter 78-89). According to this consensus, Haggard and other late-Victorian imperialists also disavowed commercial aspects of empire, its material reality (Katz 108). The of romance, scholars suggested, uncritically absorbed genre's prejudices: for Wendy Katz, Haggard's were the passive watchers of their (130). A more sophisticated has developed since early 1990s, critics have explored tensions underlying late-Victorian romance and imperial discourse more broadly. Haggard's work has enjoyed at least a partial rehabilitation, attention has turned to his novels' complex and ambivalent representation of imperialism (see Arata, Chrisman, and Gold). However, critical discussions of Haggard's representation of imperial commerce have not yet challenged contention that his novels fraudulently idealized British Empire and effaced its material, money-making aspects. Anne McClintock, for example, reads King Solomon's Mines (1885) enacting a disavowal or repression of black productive power (232-57). There has been little of representation of imperial capitalism in Haggard's other novels, including She--a work that, although less obviously engaged in debate about commercial nature of empire, interrogates imperial commerce in interestingly self-reflexive ways. Moreover, recent emphasis on formal fissures of imperialist discourse, in Haggard's work and in romance genre, is sometimes problematic. As Robert Young has noted, such locates ambivalence of imperial discourse not at time of its original articulation and reception but with present day historian or interpreter (152). The original publication and reception of She is strikingly absent, for example, in Barri Gold's recent reading, which announces desire to read against grain and urges that as readers we should create space for our own counterintuitive and potentially subversive interpretations (324-25). The present essay rehistoricizes She and argues that novel's original serial publication illuminates uneasy relationship between romance, commerce, and empire at fin de siecle. At heart of this relationship was a paradox: champions of romance revival offered imperial adventure an antidote to effete world of high capitalism, yet romance form itself was complicit in commodifying empire. For Haggard and his cheerleader, classical scholar, critic, and folklorist Andrew Lang, romance offered a primitive, rejuvenating release from sterility of civilized life: Haggard polemically claimed that romance appeal[ed], not to a class, or a nation, or even to an age, but to all time and humanity at large (About Fiction 180). Lang also championed romance's appeal to a universal, primitive human nature, and he derided reader of realist fiction bald, toothless, highly 'cultured', and addicted to tales of introspective analysis (Realism and Romance 689). Haggard's protagonists are manly heroes, for whom empire represents a revitalizing escape from a commercial, effeminate home life. In Allan Quatermain (1887), Curtis articulates squirearchy's sense of dispossession in industrial Britain and its hankering after a conservative feudal past. Traveling into Central Africa, Curtis and his fellow heroes find this past incarnated in Zu-Vendi, whom he vows to protect from corrupting knowledge of telegraphs, steam, newspapers, [and] universal suffrage (282). Haggard's novels are an attempt to retreat from world of daily newspapers and offer a different kind of literary pabulum: what a fellow-romancer, Robert Louis Stevenson, hailed the real art . …

Reductions in water use following rehabilitation of a flood-irrigated area on the Murray River in South Australia

Water use was monitored during rehabilitation of flood-irrigated farms in the lower Murray River of South Australia. Ten irrigation offtakes at six farms were monitored over a period of two years during the rehabilitation process. Full rehabilitation consisted of improved inlet structures, flow metering, elimination of water leaks, laser levelling of paddocks, and construction of re-use systems to recycle excess surface irrigation runoff. Partial rehabilitation consisted of the same improvements with the exception of the re-use system. The mean water use per watering of 0.61 ± 0.08 Ml/ha for the fully rehabilitated farm was approximately one third of that for non-rehabilitated farms (1.89 ± 0.15 Ml/ha) and two thirds of that for partially rehabilitated farms (0.99 ± 0.07 Ml/ha). These differences were statistically significant at the 95% confidence level. A large improvement in efficiency of water use was achieved by upgraded water delivery infrastructure and laser levelling of paddocks. Considerable improvement in water use efficiency was also gained, however, only by installation of re-use systems. It is expected that the overall rehabilitation of irrigation infrastructure will result in a significant reduction of water extracted from the river for flood irrigation in this region. Further longer term monitoring is required to confirm this.

Decline in exotic tree density facilitates increased plant diversity: the experience from Melaleuca quinquenervia invaded wetlands

The Australian tree Melaleuca quinquenervia (melaleuca) formed dense monocultural forests several decades after invading parts of Florida and the Caribbean islands. These dominant forests have displaced native vegetation in sensitive wetland systems. We hypothesized that native plant diversity would increase following recent reductions in density of mature melaleuca stands in south Florida. We therefore examined data on changes in melaleuca densities and plant species diversity derived from permanent plots that were monitored from 1997 to 2005. These plots were located within mature melaleuca stands in nonflooded and seasonally-flooded habitats. Two host-specific biological control agents of melaleuca, Oxyops vitiosa and Boreioglycaspis melaleucae, were introduced during 1997 and 2002, respectively. Also, an adventive rust fungus Puccinia psidii and lobate-lac scale Paratachardinapesudolobata became abundant during the latter part of the study period. Overall melaleuca density declines in current study coincided with two to four fold increases in plant species diversity. The greatest declines in melaleuca density as well as the greatest increases in family importance values and species diversity indices occurred in nonflooded as compared to seasonally-flooded habitats. Most pioneer plant species in study sites belonged to Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and Ulmaceae. The rapid reduction in melaleuca density and canopy cover during the study period may be attributed to self-thinning accelerated by the negative impact of natural enemies. Densities of other woody plants, particularly Myrica and Myrsine, which were sparsely represented in the understory by a few suppressed individuals also declined during the same period, possibly due to infestation by the generalist lac-scale. These findings indicate that natural-enemy accelerated self-thinning of melaleuca densities is positively influencing the native plant diversity and facilitating the partial rehabilitation of degraded habitats.

Evaluation of Dairy Effluent Management Options Using Multiple Criteria Analysis

This article describes how options for managing dairy effluent on the Lower Murray River in South Australia were evaluated using multiple criteria analysis (MCA). Multiple criteria analysis is a framework for combining multiple environmental, social, and economic objectives in policy decisions. At the time of the study, dairy irrigation in the region was based on flood irrigation which involved returning effluent to the river. The returned water contained nutrients, salts, and microbial contaminants leading to environmental, human health, and tourism impacts. In this study MCA was used to evaluate 11 options against 6 criteria for managing dairy effluent problems. Of the 11 options, the MCA model selected partial rehabilitation of dairy paddocks with the conversion of remaining land to other agriculture. Soon after, the South Australian Government adopted this course of action and is now providing incentives for dairy farmers in the region to upgrade irrigation infrastructure and/or enter alternative industries.

Was Jules Dupuit a Market Socialist: A Retrospective Note on Marginal Cost Pricing

This paper examines the extent to which Dupuit preceded Hotelling in the theory of marginal cost pricing and the relation of marginal cost pricing to the Pigou–Robinson definition of exploitation, Coase’s multipart pricing, and the Kaldor compensation principle. Tsuneki’s partial rehabilitation of Hotelling’s proof of MC pricing is partially endorsed.

The (Partial) Rehabilitation of Interest Rate Parity in the Floating Rate Era: Longer Horizons, Alternative Expectations, and Emerging Markets

The (Partial) Rehabilitation of Interest Rate Parity in the Floating Rate Era: Longer Horizons, Alternative Expectations, and Emerging Markets

Two Critical Passages on the Road to Mercosur*

This article challenges two traditional interpretations of the genesis of Mercosur. First, the literature is evenly divided among those who trace back the beginning of the process to the military administrations of Brazil and Argentina, and those who entirely credit their newly democratic administrations. By contrast, this paper argues that integration was initially discussed in a situation of regime asymmetry, Argentina having already returned to democracy and Brazil being still in the final stage of transition. Second, the creation of the common market is generally associated with the 1988 Treaty of Integration signed by Presidents Alfonsín and Sarney of Argentina and Brazil, respectively, while Presidents Menem and Collor are deemed to have simply reduced the period for its implementation from ten to five years. By contrast, this article suggests that in 1988 the project of a common market was still just an aspiration and that in fact that treaty only established a free trade area, its actual progression into a common market being undertaken by the latter two leaders. The first argument tempers the democratic mysticism surrounding integration, the second suggests a partial rehabilitation of the now discredited neoliberal presidents.

Instabilidade ântero-inferior traumática do ombro: procedimento de Bankart em atletas não profissionais

Foram avaliados vinte e um atletas não profissionais (vinte e um ombros) no período de Fevereiro de 1999 a Março de 2002 com idade media de 26,63 anos portadores de instabilidade antero-inferior traumática. Todos foram submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico pela tecnica de Bankart com âncoras. O retensionamento capsuloligamentar foi realizado quando o sinal do sulco foi detectado ao exame físico ou durante o ato cirúrgico. Segundo os critérios de Rowe et al.(20), obteve-se quinze resultados excelentes, três bons, dois regulares e um ruim. No pós-operatório, a média da rotações interna, utilizando o nível vertebral como parâmetro foi de T12, rotação externa de 27,19 graus e a abdução media de 166,90 graus, o teste do sulco foi positivo em um (4,76%) paciente e houve recidiva em dois (9,52%). O retorno às atividades esportivas deu-se em 16 atletas (76,19%). Um dos principais fatores relacionados ao abandono e à reabilitação parcial foram o medo de recorrência da dor residual e instabilidade.

Industry-Level Wage Bargaining: A Partial Rehabilitation - The German Experience

In order to reduce unemployment, it is often recommended that industry-levelwage bargaining in Germany should be replaced by a more decentralized system.This paper provides a critical assessment of the current wage bargaininginstitutions and reexamines the case for a more decentralized system. Based ona theoretical model integrating Insider-Outsider aspects into the comparison, the uniform superior employment performance of a decentralized wage bargaining system is questioned. We conclude that, rather than solely trying to decentralize wage bargaining, a promising policy option may be to improve the skills of the unemployed by efficient labour market policies and to foster institutional reforms such that wage bargaining takes account of the long-run employment consequences of wage setting.

Rehabilitation Planning of Transit Systems

The decision to rehabilitate a facility is governed by numerous technical, social, political, financial, and management constraints. This paper presents a decision support system called MSRP (Model for Station Rehabilitation Planning) that was developed to address the rehabilitation planning needs of subway transit systems. The MSRP has been designed to optimize the number of stations that can be accommodated within a given capital program for full and partial rehabilitation while incorporating the constraints mentioned earlier.

A Partial Rehabilitation of Hotelling's MC‐Pricing Theorem

Harold Hotelling's celebrated theorem on the optimality of marginal cost pricing was criticized first by Frisch and later by Silberberg on the grounds that he did not use the marginal cost pricing condition in his original proof and hence that it did not constitute a valid proof. This note demonstrates that a key equation in Hotelling's proof is locally satisfied if and only if prices are set equal to marginal cost at the initial equilibrium and reexamines the validity of Hotelling's proof.

Industry‐Level Wage Bargaining: A Partial Rehabilitation—The German Experience

In order to reduce unemployment, it is often recommended that industry‐level wage bargaining in Germany should be replaced by a more decentralized system. This paper provides a critical assessment of the current wage bargaining institutions and re‐examines the case for a more decentralized system. Based on a theoretical model integrating Insider–Outsider aspects into the comparison, the uniformly superior employment performance of a decentralized wage bargaining system is questioned. We conclude that, rather than solely trying to decentralize wage bargaining, a promising policy option may be to improve the skills of the unemployed by efficient labour market policies and to foster institutional reforms such that wage bargaining takes account of the long‐run employment consequences of wage setting.

Virgin Martyrs: Legends of Sainthood in Late Medieval England by Karen A. Winstead

288book reviews an analysis of Theophylact's network of correspondents revealed in his letters will pinpoint his place and influence both in provincial and metropolitan society . It rests on another assumption: that the sample of letters that we have is representative of his epistolary activity. The results obtained are nevertheless impressive. They give a more assured and nuanced account ofTheophylact's relationships and conduct of office than has emerged from earlier sketches. However , they need testing against similar work—still to be done—on other letter collections. Disregarding the misgivings that current literary criticism has about the "author ," Mullett provides a sophisticated and satisfying pen portrait of Theophylact as "Author and Man." Despite some elegantly translated verses and snatches of letters—which catch Theophylact's real literary ability—this book confirms the chasm that separates the modern reader from the imaginative world of the Byzantine elite. Its real value lies elsewhere. Mullett has shown that with patience and skill context can be restored to Byzantine literary texts and with it their historical value. It is in this way that she achieves a partial rehabilitation of Byzantine literature. This is an achievement, for which many Byzantinists will be grateful. Michael Angold University ofEdinburgh Virgin Martyrs: Legends ofSainthood in Late Medieval England. By Karen A. Winstead. (Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. 1997. Pp. xiii, 201. $35.00.) If saints are supposed to be models, why were the most popular saints' lives in late medieval England the stories of women who were tortured and brutally murdered? This question is the focus of Winstead's insightful study of the retelling of early female virgin martyrdoms in a time of Christian dominance. Analyzing various revisions of the saints' lives, Winstead discerns the medieval authors' intentions and their audiences' response. To show how the retold saints' lives and their visual representations both reflected and shaped cultural norms, Winstead carefully places them in their medieval context. Sensitive to feminist issues as well,Winstead's scholarly work should become standard reading for anyone studying late medieval English spirituality, religion, literature, or women's history. Winstead's introduction is a helpful guide for what is to follow. Posing a host of provocative questions that draw the reader into her inquiry, Winstead presents recent scholarly research related to her topic. The chapters that follow have both a thematic and a chronological focus: Winstead's greatest contribu- BOOK REVIEWS289 tion is her correlation of variations in the retelling of the virgins' lives with religious and spiritual change. In Winstead's assessment, between 1 100 and 1250 the virgin martyr saints' lives were produced primarily by and for people in religious life. The bestknown examples are the legends of the Katherine Group. In these, the saints' devotions and prayers are emphasized over the narrative events of their martyrdoms , a stress that made them suitable models for medieval religious. In the next period, from 1250 to 1400, clerical authors reshaped these paradigms of sanctity for a lay audience. In this phase, the saints were presented not as heroines to imitate but as powerful miracle-workers; to emphasize their exceptionality , the tortures they endured were described with particular relish. Because the distinction between the saints and other mortals was emphasized,Winstead believes these versions bolstered clerical authority and the power of the institutional church. In the final period Winstead considers, 1400 to 1450, the radical elements in these heroic tales were toned down to make them more suitable as purveyors of the values of "middle-class readers." The virgin martyrs were portrayed as "refined gentlewomen"—introspective, gracious, discreet, modest, and even enamored with the joys of living. Looking especially at the legends by Osbern Bokenhamjohn Lydgate, and John Capgrave,Winstead identifies an attempt to discourage excesses of piety that could lead to heresy. Particularly intriguing is Winstead's attention to the "politics of reading," the ambiguous attitudes male authors had about the increased literacy of lay women. Winstead's identification of shifting emphases in the various versions of the lives of the virgin martyrs is convincing. Her hypothesis that the changes in the saint's lives reflect different audiences and cultural settings is persuasive, although at times one can wonder whether the authors...