Partial Mismatch Research Articles

Thrombolysis in wake-up stroke based on MRI mismatch

ObjectivesWake-up stroke (WUPS) patients can be selected to intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) treatment based on the Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) mismatch concept. However, recent studies suggest the introduction of modified MRI mismatch criteria, allowing IVT in WUPS patients with a partial mismatch. Material and methodsWUPS patients treated with IVT in the NOR-TEST trial and consecutively thereafter at Stavanger University Hospital were included in this study. Patient selection for treatment was performed based on the clinical presentation and the MRI DWI/FLAIR mismatch criteria. MRI examinations were reassessed according to the modified DWI-FLAIR mismatch criteria, allowing partial mismatch. Improvement in NIHSS and mRS at 3 months were used to analyze clinical outcome, and the rate of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) to analyze safety. Results78 WUPS patients were treated with IVT. Only 68 of these patients were independent pre-stroke and included in the clinical analysis. When reassessing the MRI examinations, 41 (60 %) were rated as DWI/ FLAIR mismatch, 14 (21 %) as partial mismatch and 13 (19 %) as match. The results show that the patient groups had a mRS score 0–1 at 3 months measured as primary outcome to respectively 27 (65.9 %), 11 (78.6 %) and 8 (61.5 %); (P = 0.629). The mismatch group showed the best clinical improvement (3-points NIHSS reduction, p = 0.005). No ICH was seen in any of the groups. ConclusionOur study extended the mismatch concept in clinical praxis to treat WUPS patients with partial mismatch, showing the best clinical outcome in the mismatch group.

Large and/or single‐parent families: Public attitudes towards pronatalist and anti‐poverty family policies in Hungary

AbstractIn the 2010s, new family benefits were introduced in Hungary, focusing on large families to halt population decline. However, poverty reduction became sidelined, as these schemes benefited higher‐income earners. Based on poverty statistics, the article investigates how two family types associated with a higher risk of poverty—large families and single‐parent families—fare under this new selective pronatalist system. Furthermore, based on new representative national survey data, the article explores public support for the reforms. Although the income poverty rate for large families significantly decreased during the 2010s, it remained persistently high for single‐parent families, especially large single‐parent families. The findings indicate strong public support for state assistance to large, single‐parent and poor families and state pronatalism. However, the public prioritises support for poor, single‐parent families. This underscores a partial mismatch between public attitudes and government policy. Nonetheless, this policy probably secured public legitimacy, chiefly due to the general support for state pronatalism and large families, which were vigorously implemented in family policies, albeit selectively.

PLT antigen discrepancy pattern among couples with recurrent abortion.

Recurrent abortion refers to a condition of two or more consecutive pregnancies without known etiology affected by miscarriage before the completion of the 20th week of gestational age. However, several hypotheses have been proposed, but not much data are available concerning the relationship between human platelet antigens (HPAs) polymorphisms and recurrent abortion. This study was conducted to evaluate the genetic differences between HPA-1, -2, -3, -5, and - 15 in Iranian couples with a history of recurrent abortion. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 74 couples with at least 2 recurrent abortions without any known specified reasons enrolled in the study. HPA polymorphisms genotyping was performed by single-specific primer PCR. Genotype frequency was calculated using the Hardy-Weinberg equation. A total of 39 couples (52.7%) had HPA genotyping partial mismatches. The most common partial mismatch pairs were found concomitantly on both HPA-15a and HPA-15b in three couples (4%), followed by two (2.7%) on HPA-3a and one (1.3%) in each HPA-2b and HPA-5b. There was a deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the HPA-2 and -5 systems. The present study declared that partial mismatches of HPA-3 and -15 genotypes were common among Iranian couples due to the history of recurrent abortion and approximately half of the couples carried at least one HPA gene that was absent in their partners. Further studies might be helpful to clarify the association between HPA polymorphisms and recurrent abortion, such as an investigation into the alloantibodies against HPAs.

AI 음악생성기(Music Generator)의 음악작품 분석 및 음악교육적 시사점 고찰

The purpose of this study is to analyze music works created by an AI music generator, and to contemplate the educational implications of music. The four music generators that satisfy following three conditions were chosen as the subject of study: create music automatically, have the variety of voices, and input contents contain musical elements. Then three music works were created by each chosen generator and analyzed. The analysis of music was based on the elemental analysis that have been using traditionally in Western Music. The sub-analysis elements were selected based on the contents presented in the music curriculum, and those are rhythm, melody, harmony, and form. As a conclusion of the study, musical works created by an AI music generator utilize various rhythms and melodic elements, but there is partial mismatch in harmony and form. Another conclusion is that the AI music generator creates the music the machine wants, and the user's own musical capabilities are required to obtain the music the user wants. Lastly, an AI music generator demands the AI music literacy that accurately understand the elements and concepts to make music that can be implemented in a media.

46,XX males with SRY gene translocation: cytogenetics and molecular characterization

PurposeXX male syndrome also known as De la Chapelle syndrome/Testicular Disorder of Sex Development (DSD) is a rare genetic abnormality, identified by a partial or complete mismatch between phenotypic and genotypic gender of an individual. The present study describes the pertinent clinical, biochemical, cytogenetics, and molecular findings in four phenotypically normal males, presented with gonadal dysgenesis and hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism.MethodClinical characteristics and biochemical parameters in four patients were assessed. Further, chromosomal analysis has been performed using conventional karyotyping. FISH and Y chromosome microdeletion assays were carried out to confirm the presence of male-specific genes followed by microarray analysis.ResultChromosomal analysis revealed a 46,XX karyotype, FISH showed the presence of 2 normal X chromosomes along with translocation of the SRY gene on the short (p) arm of one of the X chromosome. Molecular analysis for Y chromosome microdeletion revealed the presence of the SRY gene with a complete absence of azoospermic factor regions (AZFa, AZFb, and AZFc) on the long (q) arm of the Y chromosome. Chromosomal microarray revealed no significant copy number variation.ConclusionsThe peculiar translocation of the SRY gene in 46,XX males strongly supports the inclusion of cytogenetic testing for establishing diagnosis and genetic counseling for infertility and/or hormonal imbalances in individuals. The present study provides insight into the cascade of events triggered by the SRY gene in the XX genome, which reinforces the differentiation towards the formation of testes while actively inhibiting ovarian development.

Different approaches to target volume definition and boost delivery in surgery de-escalation clinical trial in breast cancer patients with pathological complete response.

We evaluate various approaches to target volume definition and boost delivery in patients with complete response to neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST) who were treated by radiotherapy without a surgery. A pathological complete response (pCR) was diagnosed in 21 of 27 patients included in "surgery de-escalation" prospective observation study. Clips were placed in the primary tumor volume (PrTV) before NST and during the vacuum aspiration biopsy. Twenty patients with pCR underwent the whole breast irradiation and a boost to the PrTV. High-dose rate brachytherapy (HDRB) was the basic technique for boost delivery. Finally, we identified the value of fused images (computed tomography [CT] before NST with simulation CT), clips and their combination for an accurate boost delivery. A complete overlap between PrTV on pre-treatment CT with the localization of the clips on simulation CT was mentioned in 10, partial mismatch in three patients. In 12 of these 13 women, HDRB was successfully used for the boost delivery. In five cases we mentioned a marked discrepancy between the PrTV on fused images and the topography of the clips. In other two women we did not find clips on simulation CT. The fused images in five of these seven patients showed anatomical landmarks (scar, fibrosis) used for identification of the gross tumor volume. In all 20 women with pCR (average follow-up of 16.6 months), there were no locoregional recurrences. Combination of the clips with fusion of pre-NST and simulation CTs is important for an accurate boost delivery.

The role of L2 input in developing a novel L2 contrast phonetically and phonologically: Production evidence from a residence abroad context

This study analyses the production of French /y/ and /u/ by 42 native English learners of French (ELoF) at the start and end of a Residence Abroad (RA) in a French-speaking country. As an approximation of both phonological and phonetic development, categorical change is teased apart from gradient change using k-medoid clustering of acoustic data and different input measures are tested as predictors of both types of development. Results of the phonological analysis reveal that while no change occurs for /y/, the proportion that learners correctly use their back vowel in /u/ contexts increases over the RA. The quantity of French input declared over the RA is a significant predictor of this categorical change, especially the amount of auditory and visual engagement (e.g. listening and reading in French). Results of the phonetic analysis indicate, instead, that /y/ becomes more target-like over the RA, while /u/ makes less progress, suggesting a partial mismatch between the phonological and phonetic levels. Nevertheless, the phonetic development of /u/ is more substantial for individuals who: (1) have been learning French longer, (2) have yet to experience naturalistic exposure by the start of the RA, and (3) are English language teachers over the RA rather than students at a foreign institution. Taken together, these results have implications for the link between second language (L2) input and L2 production, the assumptions of L2 speech models, and the relationship between different levels of linguistic representation in L2 speech learning.

Linguist is as linguist does: A comparative study on the employment and income of graduates from linguistics programs in Canada

Abstract: This study attempts to answer a perennial question asked of and by every student of linguistics: ‘What can you do with this degree?’. We address the question through an in-depth analysis of administrative and tax data from Statistics Canada (2009–2018). Specifically, this article (i) maps out educational and employment pathways of linguistics graduates in Canada, (ii) compares their earnings to graduates from other ‘competitor’ programs that future linguists consider as viable alternatives, and (iii) verifies the range of careers advertised by linguistics departments against the reality of the industries in which graduates from those departments are employed. These findings enable us to draw conclusions about the optimal and suboptimal educational and career pathways that involve a linguistics degree. Linguistics graduates tend to earn less than their peers in comparable programs, unless they pursue a lengthy educational path. The findings also point to a partial mismatch between potential careers advertised by Canadian linguistics departments and actual areas of employment after graduating with a linguistics degree. We provide suggestions for linguistics departments on how best to align the policies and practices of these programs with the ground truth of the labor market.

Effects of magnetic fields on the center-to-limb variation in solar-type stars

Context. High-precision photometry of exoplanet transits obtained with the Kepler satellite allows one to derive information on the center-to-limb variation (CLV) of the host stars. Recent analyses indicate a small but systematic discrepancy between observations and theoretical expectations based on detailed multidimensional model atmospheres. It has been hypothesized that the discrepancy is related to the neglect of magnetic fields in the models. Aims. Our goal is to test the above hypothesis for solar-like stars. We further intend to quantify the consequences for interferometry, and the possibility of extracting information at the level of stellar magnetic activity from the CLV. Methods. We constructed a sequence of multidimensional models including magnetic fields of varying strengths. We derived theoretical predictions on the CLV, taking into account factors like the observational passband, stellar sphericity, the methodology of the light curve analysis, and interstellar extinction. Results. The models predict a relative brightening of the stellar limb with increasing magnetic field strength, which qualitatively goes in the direction of reducing the mismatch between observation and theory. Quantitatively, however, the mismatch is not fully eliminated. Interstellar extinction on a level AV ≲ 1 mag has little impact on the CLV and is largely degenerate with the influence of magnetic fields. Global magnetic activity at field strengths ≲300 G influences interferometric radius measurements to ≲1%. We emphasize that our results refer to measurements taken in the Kepler passband. Conclusions. The presence of magnetic activity appears to be a plausible explanation for the present discrepancy between observation and theory. The still-present partial mismatch needs to be understood. To this end, we point to improvements in modeling and wishes for more observational data of active stars, including spectral information.

Association of partial T2-FLAIR mismatch sign and isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation in WHO grade 4 gliomas: results from the ReSPOND consortium.

While the T2-FLAIR mismatch sign is highly specific for isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant, 1p/19q-noncodeleted astrocytomas among lower-grade gliomas, its utility in WHO grade 4 gliomas is not well-studied. We derived the partial T2-FLAIR mismatch sign as an imaging biomarker for IDH mutation in WHO grade 4 gliomas. Preoperative MRI scans of adult WHO grade 4 glioma patients (n = 2165) from the multi-institutional ReSPOND (Radiomics Signatures for PrecisiON Diagnostics) consortium were analyzed. Diagnostic performance of the partial T2-FLAIR mismatch sign was evaluated. Subset analyses were performed to assess associations of imaging markers with overall survival (OS). One hundred twenty-one (5.6%) of 2165 grade 4 gliomas were IDH-mutant. Partial T2-FLAIR mismatch was present in 40 (1.8%) cases, 32 of which were IDH-mutant, yielding 26.4% sensitivity, 99.6% specificity, 80.0% positive predictive value, and 95.8% negative predictive value. Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated IDH mutation was significantly associated with partial T2-FLAIR mismatch (odds ratio [OR] 5.715, 95% CI [1.896, 17.221], p = 0.002), younger age (OR 0.911 [0.895, 0.927], p < 0.001), tumor centered in frontal lobe (OR 3.842, [2.361, 6.251], p < 0.001), absence of multicentricity (OR 0.173, [0.049, 0.612], p = 0.007), and presence of cystic (OR 6.596, [3.023, 14.391], p < 0.001) or non-enhancing solid components (OR 6.069, [3.371, 10.928], p < 0.001). Multivariate Cox analysis demonstrated cystic components (p = 0.024) and non-enhancing solid components (p = 0.003) were associated with longer OS, while older age (p < 0.001), frontal lobe center (p = 0.008), multifocality (p < 0.001), and multicentricity (p < 0.001) were associated with shorter OS. Partial T2-FLAIR mismatch sign is highly specific for IDH mutation in WHO grade 4 gliomas.

Bioregionalization of Albania: Mismatch between the flora and the climate suggests that our models of Southern European bioregions are in need of a revision

We analysed the floristic subdivisions of Albania by hierarchical clustering of all the vascular plant species of Albania over a grid of 25 km cells, adapting data from the Vascular Species Distribution Atlas in Albania of ( Barina Z (ed.) (2017) Distribution atlas of vascular plants in Albania. Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest). We identified the principal axes of variation of the flora and the bioclimatic variables that explain it. We also analysed the bioclimate of Albania by means of a self-organizing map (SOM) of the main climatic variables and the application of the global bioclimatic model of Rivas-Martínez. We compared the analysis based on the flora with that based on the bioclimate. The results divided Albania into eight floristic units corresponding to the main vegetation types (Carpinus orientalis woodlands, Quercus cerris woodlands, Quercus petraea and Fagus sylvatica woodlands, Quercus coccifera woodlands, Quercus coccifera and Quercus ithaburensis woodlands, Pinus heldreichii woodlands, alpine vegetation of North Albania, and alpine vegetation of eastern Albania). Two main trends of variation can be recognized: four elevational belts, strongly correlated with average July temperature, and a north–south subdivision, weakly correlated with annual rainfall and thermal excursion. The bioclimatic analysis (SOM and Rivas-Martínez model) resolves and adds detail to the axis of the elevational belts but cannot discern the north–south subdivision apart from the high mountains. We obtained a division into eight floristic units ordered according to two gradients: four elevational belts, each in turn subdivided into a north-central and a southern province. These two gradients seem to have a broader meaning in Southern Europe, particularly the north–south subdivision at about 30° latitude. The partial mismatch between the bioclimate and the flora indicates that bioclimatic models of Europe are in need of a revision and suggests that the history, in addition to the present-day climate (for instance, the vegetation of the last glacial maximum), can play a role in shaping the biogeography of Southern Europe.

Magic, metaphysics, and methods

Magic, metaphysics, and methods

DWI-FLAIR Mismatch in Stroke: “P.S.” (Partial Strategic Concept) for Clinical Practice

Recent studies have shown that diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) MRI (DWI-FLAIR) mismatch is useful for thrombolytic treatment decisions in acute ischemic stroke. However, the role of partial mismatch in strategic locations among patients with evolving stroke has not been described before. Partial imaging mismatch involving strategic locations might indicate reversible ischemia, enabling thrombolysis even in those patients presenting in the extended time windows. In this report, we describe the partial strategic concept of DWI-FLAIR mismatch with case examples.

On the Monotonicity and Positivity of Physics-Informed Neural Networks for Highly Anisotropic Diffusion Equations

Physics-informed neural network (PINN) models are developed in this work for solving highly anisotropic diffusion equations. Compared to traditional numerical discretization schemes such as the finite volume method and finite element method, PINN models are meshless and, therefore, have the advantage of imposing no constraint on the orientations of the diffusion tensors or the grid orthogonality conditions. To impose solution positivity, we tested PINN models with positivity-preserving activation functions for the last layer and found that the accuracy of the corresponding PINN solutions is quite poor compared to the vanilla PINN model. Therefore, to improve the monotonicity properties of PINN models, we propose a new loss function that incorporates additional terms which penalize negative solutions, in addition to the usual partial differential equation (PDE) residuals and boundary mismatch. Various numerical experiments show that the PINN models can accurately capture the tensorial effect of the diffusion tensor, and the PINN model utilizing the new loss function can reduce the degree of violations of monotonicity and improve the accuracy of solutions compared to the vanilla PINN model, while the computational expenses remain comparable. Moreover, we further developed PINN models that are composed of multiple neural networks to deal with discontinuous diffusion tensors. Pressure and flux continuity conditions on the discontinuity line are used to stitch the multiple networks into a single model by adding another loss term in the loss function. The resulting PINN models were shown to successfully solve the diffusion equation when the principal directions of the diffusion tensor change abruptly across the discontinuity line. The results demonstrate that the PINN models represent an attractive option for solving difficult anisotropic diffusion problems compared to traditional numerical discretization methods.

Correlation networks of spinal motor neurons that innervate lower limb muscles during a multi-joint isometric task.

Movements are reportedly controlled through the combination of synergies that generate specific motor outputs by imposing an activation pattern on a group of muscles. To date, the smallest unit of analysis of these synergies has been the muscle through the measurement of its activation. However, the muscle is not the lowest neural level of movement control. In this human study (n=10), we used a purely data-driven method grounded on graph theory to extract networks of motor neurons based on their correlated activity during an isometric multi-joint task. Specifically, high-density surface electromyography recordings from six lower limb muscles were decomposed into motor neurons spiking activity. We analysed these activities by identifying their common low-frequency components, from which networks of correlated activity to the motor neurons were derived and interpreted as networks of common synaptic inputs. The vast majority of the identified motor neurons shared common inputs with other motor neuron(s). In addition, groups of motor neurons were partly decoupled from their innervated muscle, such that motor neurons innervating the same muscle did not necessarily receive common inputs. Conversely, some motor neurons from different muscles-including distant muscles-received common inputs. The study supports the theory that movements are produced through the control of small numbers of groups of motor neurons via common inputs and that there is a partial mismatch between these groups of motor neurons and muscle anatomy. We provide a new neural framework for a deeper understanding of the structure of common inputs to motor neurons. KEY POINTS: A central and unresolved question is how spinal motor neurons are controlled to generate movement. We decoded the spiking activities of dozens of spinal motor neurons innervating six muscles during a multi-joint task, and we used a purely data-driven method grounded on graph theory to extract networks of motor neurons based on their correlated activity (considered as common input). The vast majority of the identified motor neurons shared common inputs with other motor neuron(s). Groups of motor neurons were partly decoupled from their innervated muscle, such that motor neurons innervating the same muscle did not necessarily receive common inputs. Conversely, some motor neurons from different muscles, including distant muscles, received common inputs. The study supports the theory that movement is produced through the control of groups of motor neurons via common inputs and that there is a partial mismatch between these groups of motor neurons and muscle anatomy.

Penrose limit of MNa solution and spin chains in three-dimensional field theories

In three dimensions, a theory with spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry was described holographically by the Maldacena-Nastase (MNa) solution. We revisit the issue of its Penrose limit, and compare the resulting pp wave and its string eigenstates to a sector of the theory on 5-branes reduced on S3, and a spin chain-like system. We obtain many of the features of the pp wave analysis, but a complete matching still eludes us. We suggest possible explanations for the resulting partial mismatch, and compare against other spin chains for 3-dimensional field theories with gravity duals.

Novel Fluorescent Probe Based on Rare-Earth Doped Upconversion Nanomaterials and Its Applications in Early Cancer Detection.

In this paper, a novel rare-earth-doped upconverted nanomaterial NaYF4:Yb,Tm fluorescent probe is reported, which can detect cancer-related specific miRNAs in low abundance. The detection is based on an upconversion of nanomaterials NaYF4:Yb,Tm, with emissions at 345, 362, 450, 477, 646, and 802 nm, upon excitation at 980 nm. The optimal Yb3+:Tm3+ doping ratio is 40:1, in which the NaYF4:Yb,Tm nanomaterials have the strongest fluorescence. The NaYF4:Yb, Tm nanoparticles were coated with carboxylation or carboxylated protein, in order to improve their water solubility and biocompatibility. The two commonly expressed proteins, miRNA-155 and miRNA-150, were detected by the designed fluorescent probe. The results showed that the probes can distinguish miRNA-155 well from partial and complete base mismatch miRNA-155, and can effectively distinguish miRNA-155 and miRNA-150. The preliminary results indicate that these upconverted nanomaterials have good potential for protein detection in disease diagnosis, including early cancer detection.

Searching for the causes of decline in the Dutch population of European Turtle Doves (Streptopelia turtur)

European Turtle Doves Streptopelia turtur have experienced a sharp decline in population numbers over past decades. Much uncertainty exists about the main cause or causes. Several pressures have been suggested, but because they affect different stages of the life cycle of the Turtle Dove, it is difficult to compare their contributions to the population decline. Here we applied a full life cycle approach to study how different pressures may have resulted in the decline. This was achieved by combining a review of existing literature on possible threats, pressures and the vital rates they concerned, with the analysis of an age‐structured matrix model. The population model was parameterized using estimates from a mark–recapture analysis and supplemented with vital rate estimates from the literature. Comparison with a Life Table Response Experiment (LTRE) was used to determine whether the Turtle Dove literature focuses on those vital rates in which the most important changes have taken place over time. The population model projected a similar decline to that observed in population counts. The LTRE analysis showed that declines in the number of clutches (halved since the 1960s) and in juvenile survival (relative annual rate of change of –1.33% since the 1950s) contributed most to the decline in the projected population growth rate. Although these vital rates are often reported as possible causes of population decline, the reviewed studies often focused on specific reproductive stages, such as egg survival or nestling survival, which did not show a large temporal change. Thus, there is a partial mismatch between our modelling results and the focus in the literature. Juvenile survival is thought to be affected by hunting, degradation of wintering habitat and infection with Trichomonas gallinae, and loss of foraging habitat seems to affect the number of clutches. The focus of conservation measures should therefore be on these threats and pressures. The first steps have already been taken with the completion of the international single species action plan for the conservation of the Turtle Dove and the implementation of the first conservation measures on the breeding grounds.

A Low-Cost Cell-Level Differential Power Processing CMOS IC for Single Junction Photovoltaic Cells

This article presents a cell-level differential power processing IC to maximize the power yield under partial shading and mismatch condition in series-connected single junction photovoltaic (PV) cells. A 3-MHz bidirectional buck-boost converter is employed to realize voltage equalization technique forcing the PV cells to constantly operate close to their maximum power points. A novel and simple low-power low-area analog control circuit is proposed to maintain the high system efficiency at low and high levels of mismatch by obviating the need for power hungry blocks such as analog to digital converters, digital to analog converters, op-amps, saw-tooth generator, and regulators. The voltage of adjacent PV cells is used to drive the high-side switches through bootstrap supplies eliminating the need for voltage regulators. The performance of the proposed IC, fabricated in 130 nm CMOS process, is validated through simulation and experimental results. The converter is capable of processing mismatch currents up to 4 A while the control circuitry consumes less than 40 mW and a system efficiency above 95% is achieved.

Characteristics and sustainability of land salinization and utilization in the Yellow River Delta

It is of great significance to strengthen the research on the relationship between land use/cover and environmental sustainable development. Taking Hekou District in the Yellow River Delta as an example, based on “3S” technology, using the methods of field investigation, sampling test and statistical analysis, combining remote sensing classification with spatial interpolation, the land information is accurately extracted, and the land salinization and utilization characteristics and their matching relationship are analyzed. The spatial characteristics of land use in Hekou District are obvious. Cultivated land is concentrated in the southwest and southeast, a little in the middle. Aquaculture water surface and saline wasteland are concentrated in the northeast and northwest coastal area. Construction land is concentrated in the south, and salt pan fields are mainly distributed in the northwest. The spatial distribution of soil salinization in Hekou District increased from southwest to east and north in spring, showing strong variability. The spatial distribution and quantity of land use and salinization are in the relationship of "overall matching and partial mismatch". Land use should be adjusted according to the characteristics of salinization and land demand. Hekou District should strengthen the protection of cultivated land, develop characteristic gardens and animal husbandry, explore the multi-functional utilization of saline land resources, and promote regional ecological improvement and sustainable development.