Partial Interruption Research Articles

Yes Associated Transcriptional Regulator 1 (YAP1) and WW Domain Containing Transcription Regulator (WWTR1) are required for murine pregnancy initiation.

Endometrial stromal cell decidualization is required for pregnancy success. Although this process is integral to fertility, many of the intricate molecular mechanisms contributing to decidualization remain undefined. One pathway that has been implicated in endometrial stromal cell decidualization in humans in vitro is the Hippo signaling pathway. Two previously conducted studies showed that the effectors of the Hippo signaling pathway, YAP1 and WWTR1, were required for decidualization of primary stromal cells in culture. To investigate the in vivo role of YAP1 and WWTR1 in decidualization and pregnancy initiation, we generated a Progesterone Cre mediated partial double knockout (pdKO) of Yap1 and Wwtr1. Female pdKOs exhibited subfertility, a compromised decidualization response, partial interruption in embryo transport, blunted endometrial receptivity, delayed implantation and subsequent embryonic development, and a unique transcriptional profile. Bulk mRNA sequencing revealed aberrant maternal remodeling evidenced by significant alterations in extracellular matrix proteins at 7.5 days post-coitus in pdKO dams and enrichment for terms associated with fertility-compromising diseases like pre-eclampsia and endometriosis. Our results indicate a required role for YAP1 and WWTR1 for successful mammalian uterine function and pregnancy success.

Reproductive diapause influences spermatogenesis and testes’ size in the diplochronous wolf spider Allocosa senex (Lycosidae, Araneae) – A case study using a non-experimental approach

Seasonality considerably impacts on the life of organisms and leads to numerous evolutionary adaptations. Some species face seasonal changes by entering a diapause during different life stages. During adulthood, a diapause in the non-reproductive period can affect male gametogenesis as, for example, it occurs in insects. Spiders are distributed worldwide and show a variety of life cycles. However, data on spiders’ life cycles and seasonal adaptations are limited. Here, we explored the effect of reproductive diapause in a seasonal spider for the first time. We used the South American sand-dwelling spider Allocosa senex as a model as this species is diplochronous, meaning that individuals live two reproductive seasons, with juveniles and adults overwintering in burrows. It has been observed that individuals of this species reduce their metabolism during the non-reproductive season, diminishing prey consumption and locomotion to a minimum. This species is also well-known for exhibiting wandering and courting females and sedentary males. We analyzed spermatogenesis throughout the male's life cycle and described the male's reproductive system and spermiogenesis using light and transmission electron microscopy. We found that spermatogenesis in A. senex is asynchronous and continuous. However, when males face the non-reproductive season, the late spermatogenic stages and spermatozoa decline, causing an interruption but not a total arrest of this process. This seasonality is also reflected in smaller testes’ size in males from the non-reproductive season than in other periods. The mechanisms and constraints are unknown, but they could be related to the metabolic depression during this life cycle period. Since sex-role reversal apparently sets a low-intensity sperm competition scenario compared with other wolf spiders, surviving two reproductive seasons may balance mating opportunities by distributing them between both periods. Thus, the partial interruption of spermatogenesis during diapause could allow new mating encounters during the second reproductive season.

Steady turnover in a bird community in a periurban landscape in Northern Italy: a look at the change in species richness over time

From November 2017 until February 2022, with a partial interruption during 2020 linked to the COVID 19 pandemic, the bird community was monitored in a 30 hectares periurban plot in north-western Lombardy, in the province of Varese. The study area consists of a mosaic of farmland/ urban habitat (Luino and Germignaga municipalities) with scattered strips of woodland on the east side of Lake Maggiore. The farmland is mainly cultivated ryegrass or maize and permanent grassland. The turnover and phenology of the avifauna was regularly monitored. The year was divided up 4 seasons: winter, spring migration, breeding season and autumn migration. Each season was further divided into 10-day periods, giving a total of 37 ten-day periods over the whole year. For each ten-day period, there was a minimum of 4 surveys, alternating a 500m transect over 30 minutes with a single point count for 30 minutes. A total of 134 species were observed. The trend in species richness follows a sinusoidal curve relating to the migration periods. The area of farmland, while not having any regularly breeding species, supported 65 foraging species, with permanent grassland being more species rich than either maize or ryegrass. The Sorensen Similarity Index, based on incidence matrices, ranged from the lowest value of 0.6480 (during the winter of 2018/19 to spring migration in 2019) to the highest value of 0.8572 (from spring migration 2019 to the breeding period in 2019). Most of the nesting species are synanthropic, occupying the urban areas of this plot, including a colony of northern house martins.

Perfil epidemiológico e avaliação de pacientes de Telemedicina durante a pandemia de COVId-19

Based on the care impact caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the present study aimed to describe the profile of patients seen by teleconsultation during the pandemic. This is a cross-sectional study carried out in Bahia, Brazil. The study population consisted of 99 patients and data collection was carried out using forms applied by trained professionals. The majority of the population was composed of women aged 40 to 59 years, brown in color, married or in a stable relationship and of Catholic religion. The main reasons for seeking the service according to the chapters of CIAP2 were: skeletal, psychological, endocrine, metabolic, nutritional and dermatological muscle. Among all patients, 43.48% were obese or morbidly obese. About 48.05% were aware of the free medical consultation by telemedicine over the Internet. There was a greater demand for the service by women, as well as a higher percentage of patients with musculoskeletal symptoms and people living with chronic diseases. The mental health complaints were also quite expressive, precisely in a period of the pandemic in which there was a partial interruption of the services that offered such care. The ease of access to teleconsultation can help to expand the distribution of health care to places with contrasting supply-demand.

Transient analysis of various vacation interruption policies in a Markovian queue with differentiated multiple vacations

Two different types of interruptions (partial and complete) of server's vacation are discussed in this research work along with two different types of vacations (types 1 and 2). The transient analysis of an M / M / 1 queueing model with differentiated multiple vacations, partial and complete interruption of vacations is carried out. Two types of vacations are studied in this research work. Type 1 vacation is taken after serving all the customers in the system exhaustively. Type 2 vacation is resumed after returning from type 1 vacation and finding the empty system. Partial interruption is the one in which the interruption happens only in type 2 vacation whereas complete interruption can occur in both types 1 and 2 vacations. The system size distributions are derived using generating function and Laplace transforms under transient case. The average and variance are also obtained. Further, numerical simulations are presented.

Partial process interruption in a offshore plant: A data based approach

Partial process interruption in a offshore plant: A data based approach

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Ultrastructural and proapoptotic-like effects of kaempferol in Giardia duodenalis trophozoites and bioinformatics prediction of its potential protein target.

BACKGROUND Kaempferol (KPF) is a flavonoid with antiparasitic activity including experimental giardiasis which mechanism of action is unknown.OBJECTIVE To analyse the cytotoxic effects of KPF on Giardia duodenalis trophozoites and to identify a likely parasite target of this compound.METHODS We used inhibitory concentrations of KPF (IC25, IC50 and IC100) and albendazole (ABZ) as reference drug. The ultrastructure of the trophozoites was analysed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) whilst apoptosis/necrosis, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell cycle progression were assessed by flow cytometry (FCM) and confocal laser microscopy (CLM). Ligand-protein docking analyses were carried out using KPF structure from a drug library and crystal structure of a G. duodenalis aldose reductase (GdAldRed) homolog.RESULTS KPF provoked appearance of perinuclear and periplasmic spaces devoid of cytosolic content and multilamellar structures. KPF induced proapoptotic death associated with partial arrest in the S phase without ROS production. Bioinformatics approaches predicted that GdAldRed is a viable KPF target (ΔG = -7.09 kCal/mol), exhibiting 92% structural identity and a similar coupling pattern as its human homolog.CONCLUSIONS KPF exerted a proapoptotic effect on G. duodenalis trophozoites involving partial interruption of DNA synthesis without oxidative stress or structure damage to chromatin and cytoskeletal structures. GdAldRed is a likely target underlying its antigiardial activity.

Clinical Uses of Diffusion Tensor Imaging Fiber Tracking Merged Neuronavigation with Lesions Adjacent to Corticospinal Tract : A Retrospective Cohort Study.

ObjectiveTo investigate the efficiency of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) fiber-tracking based neuronavigation and assess its usefulness in the preoperative surgical planning, prognostic prediction, intraoperative course and outcome improvement. MethodsSeventeen patients with cerebral masses adjacent to corticospinal tract (CST) were given standard magnetic resonance imaging and DTI examination. By incorporation of DTI data, the relation between tumor and adjacent white matter tracts was reconstructed and assessed in the neuronavigation system. Distance from tumor border to CST was measured. ResultsThe sub-portion of CST in closest proximity to tumor was found displaced in all patients. The chief disruptive changes were classified as follows : complete interruption, partial interruption, or simple displacement. Partial interruption was evident in seven patients (41.2%) whose lesions were close to cortex. In the other 10 patients (58.8%), delineated CSTs were intact but distorted. No complete CST interruption was identified. Overall, the mean distance from resection border to CST was 6.12 mm (range, 0–21), as opposed to 8.18 mm (range, 2–21) with simple displacement and 2.33 mm (range, 0–5) with partial interruption. The clinical outcomes were analyzed in groups stratified by intervening distances (close, <5 mm; moderated, 5–10 mm; far, >10 mm). For the primary brain tumor patients, the proportion of completely resected tumors increased progressively from close to far grouping (42.9%, 50%, and 100%, respectively). Five patients out of seven (71.4%) experienced new neurologic deficits postoperatively in the close group. At meantime, motor deterioration was found in six cases in the close group. All patients in the far and moderate groups received excellent (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score, 0–1) or good (mRS score, 2–3) rankings, but only 57.1% of patients in the close group earned good outcome scores. ConclusionDTI fiber tracking based neuronavigation has merit in assessing the relation between lesions and adjacent white matter tracts, allowing prediction of patient outcomes based on lesion-CST distance. It has also proven beneficial in formulating surgical strategies.

THREE MONTH FOLLOW UP OF THE EFFECTS OF CONTINUOUS POSITIVE PRESSURE DURING SLEEP (CPAP) ON THE VALUE OF GLYCATED HEMOGLOBIN HBA1C AND GLYCOREGULATION IN OBESE DIABETIC PATIENTS WITH CONFIRMED SEVERE OPSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a serious disorder of breathing during sleep characterized by complete or partial interruption of breathing during sleep for 10 seconds and longer. In this prospective longitudinal clinical study in obese patients with diabetes mellitus type II which is determined by polysomnography heavy degree of OSA is accompanied by the application of positive pressure during sleep in the course of three months and evaluated its impact on the value of glycated hemoglobin HbA1c as an indicator of long-term glycoregulation. A prospective clinical study in the quarterly monitoring included 98 patients (64 men and 34 women), who, after clinical, laboratory, spirometry and diffusion examination of lung function, made of respiratory gas analysis of arterial blood gases in rest, tests Epworth sleepiness scale, underwent polysomnography testing on Philips Respironics Alice PDX device. Out of 98 obese patients suffering from diabetes mellitus type II and heavy degree OSA, average age 50.1, 23 of them were randomized in two groups: experimental - 11 patients with an average HbA1c of 9.9 %, the average BMI 37.1 and average AHI index of 36.7 (31 to 59) who used CPAP during sleep, and control group of 12 patients, with an average HbA1c was 9.1 %, average BMI 39.3 and AHI index was 39.7 (31 to 62). After three-month of using CPAP, the control of HbA1c in both groups was performed. Average HbA1c in the experimental group decreased with statistical significances (p < 0.01) from 9.9 % to 6.7 %, compared to the control group patients with no significant changes. The results of this study indicated that in obese patients with diabetes mellitus II and severe OSA, longterm glycoregulation can be significantly improved using the CPAP during sleep.

Rationale surgical tacticts at iatrogenic bile duct injury

Background: The results of examination and treatment of 62 patients iatrogenic injury of the bile ducts (IBDI). Methods: According to the international classification «ATOM» (EAES, 2013) injuries the main biliary duct (MBD) identified intraoperatively (n=16), one complete division in 10 patients and partial interruption - 6. In the postoperative period IBDI found in 46 patients, one complete division in 32 patients and partial interruption - 9. Injuries non-main biliary ducts (NMBD) are installed in 5 patients. Results: Analysis of the main characteristics of classification IBDI possible to determine the indications for reconstructive in 27 of patients, recovery operations at 22, external drainage at 8 and reclipping non-main biliary ducts during relaparoscopic at 5. The rational surgical tactics has achieved in 43 of patients with excellent, good and satisfactory early and late results of treatment with low postoperative mortality over this period (n=1). Conclusion: The study results of the diagnosis and treatment of patients IBDI shows the usefulness of evaluating the main factors that characterize the iatrogenic damage, according to the classification «АТОМ», which allows to personalize the program survey, and a rational option to choose surgery, minimizes the unsatisfactory results and a good quality of life.

Broca's Area as a Pre-articulatory Phonetic Encoder: Gating the Motor Program.

The exact nature of the role of Broca’s area in control of speech and whether it is exerted at the cognitive or at the motor level is still debated. Intraoperative evidence of a lack of motor responses to direct electrical stimulation (DES) of Broca’s area and the observation that its stimulation induces a “speech arrest” without an apparent effect on the ongoing activity of phono-articulatory muscles, raises the argument. Essentially, attribution of direct involvement of Broca’s area in motor control of speech, requires evidence of a functional connection of this area with the phono-articulatory muscles’ motoneurons. With a quantitative approach we investigated, in 20 patients undergoing surgery for brain tumors, whether DES delivered on Broca’s area affects the recruitment of the phono-articulatory muscles’ motor units. The electromyography (EMG) of the muscles active during two speech tasks (object picture naming and counting) was recorded during and in absence of DES on Broca’s area. Offline, the EMG of each muscle was analyzed in frequency (power spectrum, PS) and time domain (root mean square, RMS) and the two conditions compared. Results show that DES on Broca’s area induces an intensity-dependent “speech arrest.” The intensity of DES needed to induce “speech arrest” when applied on Broca’s area was higher when compared to the intensity effective on the neighboring pre-motor/motor cortices. Notably, PS and RMS measured on the EMG recorded during “speech arrest” were superimposable to those recorded at baseline. Partial interruptions of speech were not observed. Speech arrest was an “all-or-none” effect: muscle activation started only by removing DES, as if DES prevented speech onset. The same effect was observed when stimulating directly the subcortical fibers running below Broca’s area. Intraoperative data point to Broca’s area as a functional gate authorizing the phonetic translation to be executed by the motor areas. Given the absence of a direct effect on motor units recruitment, a direct control of Broca’s area on the phono-articulatory apparatus seems unlikely. Moreover, the strict correlation between DES-intensity and speech prevention, might attribute this effect to the inactivation of the subcortical fibers rather than to Broca’s cortical neurons.

Human serine racemase is nitrosylated at multiple sites

Serine racemase is a pyridoxal 5′‑phosphate dependent enzyme responsible for the synthesis of d‑serine, a neuromodulator of the NMDA receptors. Its activity is modulated by several ligands, including ATP, divalent cations and protein interactors. The murine orthologue is inhibited by S-nitrosylation at Cys113, a residue adjacent to the ATP binding site. We found that the time course of inhibition of human serine racemase by S-nitrosylation is markedly biphasic, with a fast phase associated with the reaction of Cys113. Unlike the murine enzyme, two additional cysteine residues, Cys269, unique to the human orthologue, and Cys128 were also recognized as S-nitrosylation sites through mass spectrometry and site-directed mutagenesis. The effect of S-nitrosylation on the fluorescence of tryptophan residues and on that of the pyridoxal phosphate cofactor indicated that S-nitrosylation produces a partial interruption of the cross-talk between the ATP binding site and the active site. Overall, it appears that the inhibition results from a conformational change rather than the direct displacement of ATP.

Relationship between hematological examination, glucose, HbA1clevel, and disease stages in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

OBJECTIVE: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is an episodic disease that is characterized by intermittent partial interruption of breathing during sleep, which results in low oxygen levels in organs and tissues. The characteristic symptoms of OSAS include snoring, apnea or hypopnea, and excessive daytime sleepiness. Our aim is to determine the early diagnosis of diabetes and to initiate treatments for OSAS patients according to the results of polysomnography (PSG) in the sleep polyclinic based on fasting blood glucose and HbA1c levels in patients with known OSAS without diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients who applied to the sleep polyclinic of the Pamukkale University and were diagnosed with OSAS using PSG were included in the study. RESULTS: A total of 44 patients with OSAS and a control group consisting of 47 people meeting these criteria were included. Compared with the control group, the patient groups showed significantly higher Hb values (P 30) (r = −0.583, P = 0.02). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, even though significant differences were not found in the glucose and HbA1c levels of patients with OSAS, glucose metabolism was deteriorated when saturation was decreased in severe OSAS. Therefore, glucose levels should be observed frequently, particularly in severe cases of OSAS or in patients with hypoxia, regardless of the stage. More attention should also be paid to the development of diabetes.

The case of extreme hydrologic drought downstream from reservoirs in Quebec (Canada): The intermittent flow

AbstractIntermittent flow is a hydrological phenomenon observed at all latitudes. This phenomenon is characterized by a complete or partial interruption of flow in time and/or space in channels. In Quebec, even though the climate is humid, intermittent flow occurs downstream from headwater reservoirs. These reservoirs store water during spring and summer (from April to September) and release it in winter to supply hydroelectric power plants located downstream. During the water storage period, intermittent flow is common (discharges falling to &lt;1 L/s/km2). The goal of the study is to analyse the characteristics (magnitude, frequency, and duration) of this flow downstream from 3 reservoirs built in the Saint‐Maurice River watershed, during the period from 1930 to 2010. Downstream, the contribution (magnitude) of intermittent flow to total altered flow is less than 2%. Intermittent flow frequency ranges from 24 to 65 days per year downstream from the 3 reservoirs. As far as duration is concerned, intermittent flow persists on average from 40 to 128 consecutive days. Canonical correlation analysis revealed that the frequency of intermittent flow is correlated with the North Atlantic Oscillation and its magnitude and negatively correlated with the Southern Oscillation.

Efficient Synthesis of Fluorinated Phenanthrene Monomers Using Mallory Reaction and Their Copolymerization

The Mallory reaction of 1,2-diarylhexafluorocyclopentene (1, aryl = 3-bromophenyl; 2, aryl = 4-bromophenyl) under light irradiation (λ = 365 nm) in the presence of iodide proceeded to give dibromophenanthrene derivatives, 3 and 4. Polycondensation of 9,9-dioctylfluorene-2,7-diboronic acid bis(1,3-propanediol)ester with the obtained monomers by Suzuki–Miyaura coupling afforded the phenanthrene-type copolymers Poly-3 and Poly-4 in high yields. For comparison, diphenylethene-type copolymers (Poly-1 and Poly-2) were also prepared analogously. UV–vis spectra of Poly-3 and Poly-4 in CHCl3 showed π–π* transition peaks at 380 and 354 nm, respectively, and additional shoulder peaks appeared at a longer wavelength in the film, suggesting the molecular assembly of the polymer molecules. In contrast, the spectra of Poly-1 and Poly-2 in solution were essentially unchanged as measured in the film, presumably owing to partial interruption of the π-conjugation system in polymer main chains. The copolymers showed photolum...

Involvement of Auxin and Brassinosteroid in Dwarfism of Autotetraploid Apple (Malus × domestica).

The plant height is an important trait in fruit tree. However, the molecular mechanism on dwarfism is still poorly understood. We found that colchicine-induced autotetraploid apple plants (Malus × domestica) exhibited a dwarf phenotype. The vertical length of cortical parenchyma cells was shorter in autotetraploids than in diploids, by observing paraffin sections. Hormone levels of indoleacetic acid (IAA) and brassinosteroid (BR) were significantly decreased in 3- and 5-year-old autotetraploid plants. Digital gene expression (DGE) analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in IAA and BR pathways. microRNA390 was significantly upregulated according to microarray analysis. Exogenous application of IAA and BR promoted stem elongation of both apple plants grown in medium. The results show that dwarfing in autotetraploid apple plants is most likely regulated by IAA and BR. The dwarf phenotype of autotetraploid apple plants could be due to accumulation of miR390 after genome doubling, leading to upregulation of apple trans-acting short-interfering RNA 3 (MdTAS3) expression, which in turn downregulates the expression of MdARF3. Overall, this leads to partial interruption of the IAA and BR signal transduction pathway. Our study provides important insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying dwarfism in autopolyploid apple plants.

Helpfulness of rectoanal endosonography in diagnosis of sexual abuse in a child

BackgroundClinical importance of sexual abuse in children has rapidly expanded in recent years, but despite of it, the lack of medical signs in the vast majority of sexual abuse cases, makes it difficult to assess. Given that, owing to our prior experience in endosonography (EUS) of the anal canal in child with anorectal malformations, we wanted to test EUS as a diagnostic method of sexual abuse in a child. PurposeThe purpose of our study is to present our experience in the use of anorectal EUS among children with suspected sexual abuse. Materials/methodsWe present 40 consecutive patients (34 boys and 6 girls, age: 10months–13years) recruited from April 2010 to December 2012, with suspected sexual abuse those made a transrectal EUS. ResultsThe procedure was well-tolerated in all patients without complications. Rectoanal EUS findings were normal in 27 patients and showed a partial interruption in the external anal sphincter in 8, scars in 2, double rail image in 2, and rectal wall hematoma in 1. ConclusionsThe interpretation of findings in children depends of historical, physical, and laboratory findings. We believe that anal EUS is another aid in the constellation of clinical factors that could help in diagnostic of sexual abuse.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Cardiovascular Disease - A New Target for Treatment.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by recurrent episodes of partial (hypopnea) or complete interruption (apnea) in breathing during sleep due to airway collapse in the oral or pharyngeal region. Prospective studies have established the adverse cardiovascular consequences of OSA, including an increased risk for developing hypertension, coronary artery disease, stroke, and heart failure. However, more studies are needed to better assess the impact of OSA, and possible benefit of treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on cardiovascular mortality. The leading pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the changes triggered by OSA include intermittent hypoxemia and re-oxygenation, arousals and changes in intrathoracic pressure. Hypertension is strongly related with activation of the sympathetic nervous system, stimulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and endothelial dysfunction. OSA should be suspected in hypertensive individuals, particularly in patients with resistant hypertension. CPAP treatment reduces blood pressure, and its effects are more pronounced in patients with high baseline blood pressure and elevated treatment compliance. At present, no clear evidence supports CPAP treatment for primary or secondary cardiovascular disease prevention.

Speech Intervention in OSAS: Case Report

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by a complete or partial interruption of airflow of the upper airways. Patients with OSAS may have speech pathology, such as hypotonia/enlargement of the tongue, hypofunction/hypomobility of palate, hypotonia of the masticatory muscles, along with changes in stomatognathic functions, justifying speech therapy as a treatment option.