Part Of Frame Research Articles

Compactifications of partial frames via strongly regular ideals

Abstract Partial frames provide a fertile context in which to do pointfree structured and unstructured topology, using a small collection of axioms of an elementary nature. Amongst other things they can be used to investigate similarities and differences between frames, σ-frames and κ-frames. In this paper, the theory of strong inclusions for partial frames is used to describe compactifications of completely regular partial frames; the elements of these compactifications are given explicitly as strongly regular ideals. This is independent of and encompasses the theory of compactifications for frames. As an application, we revisit the Samuel compactification of a uniform partial frame.

Investigation of a resonator-based metamaterial for sensor applications

A resonator-based metamaterial for sensor application is studied in this paper. The resonator is encompassed by a partial ground plane and excited by a microstrip feed line. As the resonator, partial ground frame, and the feeding transmission line (FTL) are on the same microstrip, the measurement can be executed using the common laboratory facility instead of using the waveguide. The proposed metamaterial occupies a compact size of 20 mm × 20 mm and is imprinted on a low-cost FR4 substrate. The substrate has a relative permittivity of 4.6 with a dielectric loss tangent of 0.02. The resonator and the ground frame are placed on the similar part of the substrate and the feed line is placed on the other part of the substrate. In metamaterial design, normally arrays of metamaterial unit cells are needed, whereas this study presents only one cell which can achieve the metamaterial properties. The characteristic parameters are fetched and analyzed to find the concurrency between the simulated and measured results. The presented metamaterial is applied in sensor applications where the simulated and measured results reveal considerable agreement.

Stable recovery of signals from frame coefficients with erasures at unknown locations

In an earlier work, we proposed a frame-based kernel analysis approach to the problem of recovering erasures from unknown locations. The new approach led to the stability question on recovering a signal from noisy partial frame coefficients with erasures occurring at unknown locations. In this continuing work, we settle this problem by obtaining a complete characterization of frames that provide stable reconstructions. We show that an encoding frame provides a stable signal recovery from noisy partial frame coefficients at unknown locations if and only if it is totally robust with respect to erasures. We present several characterizations for either totally robust frames or almost robust frames. Based on these characterizations several explicit construction algorithms for totally robust and almost robust frames are proposed. As a consequence of the construction methods, we obtain that the probability for a randomly generated frame to be totally robust with respect to a fixed number of erasures is one.

Prospective study of unstable distal radius fractures treated with external fixation in Indian rural set-up

Aim: Distal radius fracture is common fracture in daily orthopaedic practice accounting for 1/6th of all the fractures. Conventionally the fractures were treated with closed reduction and immobilization with casts. Even though union of these fractures occurs, they have a very high incidence of going in for malunion and wrist joint instability especially with comminution & intra articular extension cases. Moreover a change in trend to younger age groups as a result of RTA’s (road traffic accidents) & trauma is leading to more complicated fractures with intraarticular extension and comminution. Also the importance of anatomical alignment and reconstruction of radiocarpal and radioulnar ulnar joints has been emphasized in recent trends. Hence the management of distal radius fractures changed from universal use of cast immobilisation to operative interventions. Aim of this study is to observe the effect of external fixation for unstable distal radius fractures in rural set up. Materials and methods: Prospective analysis of 30 patients with unstable distal radius fractures, who were operated at MIMS hospital, nellimarla village, vizianagaram district between may 2016 to feb 2017 treated with external fixator. Patient position- supine with arm table support. For external fixation of the wrist we used the 4 mm (small) external fixator system. For pin insertion into the second metacarpal, the distal pin is inserted proximal to the transition of the metacarpal head into the shaft and the more proximal pin is inserted distal to transition of the shaft into the metacarpal base.The proximal two pins are inserted proximal to the muscle bellies of abductor pollicis longus (APL) and extensor pollicis brevis (EPB). Proximal to these muscles, the radial shaft is palpated through the skin between the bellies of the extensor digitorum communis (EDC) and extensor carpi radialis longus/brevis (ECRL/ ECRB) over a distance of 3-4 cm at which the proximal pins inserted into the radial shaft with 4-5cms apart. Longitudinal traction is applied on the thumb and index finger or the distal partial frame to reduce the fracture. T clamps are fixed to bridging rods, first proximally followed by tightening of distal fragment T clamps to maintain the traction and reduction, there by healing of fracture by the principle of ligamentotaxis. Results: Average Mean hospital stay is 4days, there are 13males and 17 females between age group 28-60yrs, 27 cases out of 30 had functional and radiological union by 12weeks (range 6-18 weeks), 2 had pin track infection which were treated successfully with iv antibiotics. 1 patient had deep bone infection and pin loosening which was managed with external fixator removal, long course antibiotics and casing. We followed standard Sarmiento radiological scoring system, Gartland and Werley Score (demerit system) demerit point scoring system, DASH scores, Green & O Brien grade scoring systems to evaluate the end results. Conclusion: External fixation of unstable distal radius fractures can be considered as effective treatment in elderly populations of Indian rural set up as it is simple, cost effective, short duration procedure with good results.

Timber moment connections using glued-in basalt FRP rods

Glued-in rods offer an alternative method for creating structural timber connections however despite decades of research they have had limited implementation. The behaviour of glued-in rod connections in a framed structure was investigated. Nine partial frames were constructed of box sections connected with 12mm diameter BFRP rods. A theoretical design approach was developed based on the optimum observed behaviour, where failure was located in the connection. For specimens with two embedded rods the theory predicted strength within 16% error of the experimental results. For specimens with two rods but gave an over-prediction of strength where three rods were used.

Solvay enters medical device field

Solvay is entering the medical device business with a new product for fabricating removable partial denture frames. The product, Dentivera, is a disc of aryl ketone polymer from which dental lab technicians mill a denture frame. Such frames are typically made of metal, which is heavier and less comfortable, Solvay says. Solvay already markets several polymers used to make medical devices.

A Note on the Inequalities for Partial Affine System-Based Frames

A Note on the Inequalities for Partial Affine System-Based Frames

Study on Ultimate Seismic Behavior and Repair Method of Damaged SteelFrames

Recently, there are many discussions about repairability and recovery on damaged buildings. It is desirable to establish the design manuals for recovery considering continuous use of structures. In our previous researches, the damaged steel members of H-shaped and square tube section were reproduced by loading test. From the loading test results, the inelastic behavior and restoring force characteristics were clarified, and also the analytical model were proposed which can chase test results well. It means that we have already conducted the member based research on repairability. So, in this study, to investigate the inelastic behavior and restoring force characteristics of repaired steel frames, the loading test is performed on half size scaled - partial frame model as parameters with strength ratio of column-beam and panel-beam. It is assumed that the various type of failure mode is generated on original state and repaired state. During loading test on original state, local buckling is observed on H-shaped steel beam. Therefore, the damaged area is repaired by welding cover plates method which is recommended by Japanese restoration manual for damaged building structure by severe seismic disasters. And also, the loading tests on repaired state is performed, and it is confirmed that the strength is restored at the same or high level compared with original state. However, in case of beam failure mode on original state, different failure mode is observed on repaired state. Furthermore, a finite element analysis is performed, and the resistant mechanism during ultimate state is investigated analytically in detail.

Experimental Research on T-Shaped Beam-Column Joints at Top Floor with Mechanically Anchored Reinforcement

Abstract Mechanical anchorage becomes popular for recent reinforced concrete construction because of the ease-to-install at congested connections. Column longitudinal reinforcement is anchored at T-shaped beam-column joints at top floor where the anchorage may be positioned beyond the beam core because columns typically have larger dimensions than beams. Thus premature failure can be caused at the anchorage; however, no design details have been provided in previous studies. Therefore, this study proposes a theoretical method to evaluate the minimal requirement for reinforcement to prevent anchorage failure of column longitudinal rebar. Static cyclic loading tests were conducted on three 1/2 scale T-shaped partial frame specimens representing a beam-column joint at top floor to examine the effectiveness of the proposed quantity of anchorage-reinforcing bars. The anchorage-reinforcing bars were intensively arranged at the ends of the anchor plates in all the specimens, while different amounts of joint shear reinforcement were applied to the specimens. Consequently, all the specimens failed with beam flexural yielding, and none obvious strength deterioration was observed until a drift ratio of 1/25rad. The theoretical requirement for anchorage-reinforcing bars proposed in this study is effective to prevent premature anchorage failure in T-shaped beam-column joints.

COLLAPSE AND FLEXURAL-TORSIONAL BUCKLING TEMPERATURES AT FIRE FOR BEAMS IN STEEL FRAMES

When a steel beam arranged in a steel frame is exposed to fire, compressive force, that is thermal stress, is generated in it with member temperature increase, because the liner thermal expansion is restricted by the adjacent members. It is, however, well known that the generated thermal stress is attenuated by plastic deformation occurred in the steel frame at elevated temperature, finally disappears when the heated beam exhibits collapse mode. The collapse temperature is independent of the thermal stress in case of stable plastic collapse mode. On the other hand, there is a possibility that the open cross-section beam unstiffened in the out-of-plane direction exhibits flexural-torsional buckling in the process of fire by acting the large compressive force. Since the flexural-torsional buckling resistance depends on the compressive force, it is considered that the member temperature at the flexural-torsional buckling depends on the thermal stress. The main purpose of this study is to clarify the flexural-torsional buckling behavior of the beam at the fire arranged in the steel frame and propose theoretical solutions on the flexural-torsional buckling temperature considering influence on the thermal stress. Three dimensional finite element analyses are conducted to verify the theoretical solutions. A line element being capable of analyzing the flexural-torsional behavior of the member is used. Both geometrical and material nonlinearity are considered in the numerical analysis. Three types of partial frame models including a fire compartment room are analyzed and their numerical flexural-torsional buckling and collapse temperatures are estimated, respectively. By comparison of the theoretical solution with the analytical results obtained by the parametric analyses, the following 1) and 2) were clarified. 1) The unstiffned beam at the fire exhibits the flexural-tosional buckling and the large buckling deformation in both in-plane and out-of-plane directions occurs with the temperature increase. The flexural-torsional buckling temperature becomes lower when the liner thermal expansion is strongly restricted by the adjacent members. However, the beam can sustain vertical loads after the buckling. The thermal stress is attenuated by the plastic deformation in both in-plane and out-of-plane directions generated in the buckled beam. The beam can resist up to the temperature when the thermal stress disappears. The collapse temperature is higher than the flexural-torsional buckling temperature, however, the plastic deformation in the out-of-plane direction is very large. 2) The flexural-torsional buckling temperature of the heated beam at the fire can be safely estimated by the theoretical solution proposed in this study. The collapse temperature of the beam after the buckling can be estimated by the theoretical collapse temperature based on the simple plastic theory. It is considered that fire resistance of the beam in the case when the plastic deformation in the out-of-plane direction cannot be allowed, for instance, in the case when the heated beam adjoins fire compartment walls, should be estimated by the theoretical flexural-torsional buckling temperature.

Fire resilience of composite beams with simple connections: Parametric studies and design

Simple (shear) connections are designed to resist vertical shear forces resulting from gravity loading. During a fire event, floor systems expand and rotate, imposing axial forces (compressive and tensile) on simple connections. This paper presents the results of analytical parametric studies conducted to expand the experimental database and evaluate the structural response of composite beams with simple connections subjected to combined gravity loads and design fire scenarios. The parametric studies were conducted using 3D finite element models of partial frame assemblies consisting of composite beams with simple connections. These models were developed and benchmarked previously by the authors [1] using experimental data [2, 3]. These models explicitly accounted for the effects of geometric and material nonlinearity including concrete cracking and crushing, steel yielding and fracture, and the interaction between various structural components. The parameters included in the analytical studies were the connection type (shear-tab, single-angle, double-angle), deck type (flat slab, perpendicular metal deck), composite slab continuity across multiple bays, slab reinforcement type (wire mesh, mild steel), fire resistance rating of the design, and the design fire scenario (1hour fire with cooling, 2hour fire with cooling, E119). The results from the parametric studies indicated that for typical composite beams and simple connections designed with certain (n-hour) fire resistance rating, and subjected to design fire scenario with the same (n-hour) heating followed by cooling, there was no premature fracture failure of the connection leading to collapse of the composite beams. The continuity of composite slab across bays and the steel reinforcement has a significant influence on the performance of the simple connections, and the resilience of the composite beam system.

Recovery of signals from unordered partial frame coefficients

Abstract In this paper, we study the feasibility and stability of recovering signals in finite-dimensional spaces from unordered partial frame coefficients. We prove that with an almost self-located robust frame, any signal except from a Lebesgue measure zero subset can be recovered from its unordered partial frame coefficients. However, the recovery is not necessarily stable with almost self-located robust frames. We propose a new class of frames, namely self-located robust frames, that ensures stable recovery for any input signal with unordered partial frame coefficients. In particular, the recovery is exact whenever the received unordered partial frame coefficients are noise-free. We also present some characterizations and constructions for (almost) self-located robust frames. Based on these characterizations and construction algorithms, we prove that any randomly generated frame is almost surely self-located robust. Moreover, frames generated with cube roots of different prime numbers are also self-located robust.

Partial frame content scrambling in H.264/AVC by information hiding

A partial frame content scrambling scheme for H.264/AVC compressed videos is proposed in this research. Some areas of video frames, which are identified as sensitive or privacy regions, will be scrambled to become unintelligible for restricting the access from general public or regular users. The scrambling is achieved by directly modifying or removing the selected data in the H.264/AVC bitstream, which will be embedded and transmitted along with the video via the information hiding technique. The authorized users are able to restore these regions by retrieving the hidden data. The design principle of the proposed scheme is to ensure that the scrambled regions are unrecognizable and can be recovered while other parts are still viewable without being affected much. In addition, the size of video stream has to be maintained reasonably well for fulfilling the requirements of related applications. Experimental results will show the feasibility of the proposed scheme.

Coverages Give Free Constructions for Partial Frames

Defining objects using generators and relations has seen substantial application in the theory of frames. It is the aim of this paper to establish such a technique for partial frames, thus making it available in a variety of contexts. A partial frame is a meet-semilattice in which certain designated subsets are required to have joins, and finite meets distribute over these. The designated subsets in question are specified by means of a so-called selection function. The theory is general enough to include, as examples, bounded distributive lattices, σ-frames, κ-frames and indeed frames, but a small collection of elementary axioms suffices to describe the selection functions and thus the designated subsets. In this paper we are concerned with establishing techniques for constructing objects given certain generators and the relations that they should satisfy. Our method involves embedding the generators in an appropriate meet-semilattice, moving to the free partial frame over that meet-semilattice, and then using the relations to form a quotient with the required joins. We use a modification of Johnstone’s coverages on meet-semilattices [12] to construct partial frames freely generated by sites. We conclude with a number of applications, including the construction of coproducts for partial frames and a general method for freely adjoining complements.

Completions of uniform partial frames

We address classical questions concerning the existence and properties of completions in a new context, namely, that of uniform partial frames.

The Stone-Čech compactification of a partial frame via ideals and cozero elements

A partial frame is a meet-semilattice in which certain designated subsets are required to have joins, and finite meets distribute over these. The designated subsets are specified by means of a so-called selection function, denoted by S ; these partial frames are called S-frames.We construct free frames over S-frames using appropriate ideals, called S-ideals. Taking S-ideals gives a functor from S-frames to frames. Coupled with the functor from frames to S-frames that takes S-Lindelöf elements, it provides a category equivalence between S-frames and a non-full subcategory of frames. In the setting of complete regularity, we provide the functor taking S-cozero elements which is right adjoint to the functor taking S-ideals. This adjunction restricts to an equivalence of the category of completely regular S-frames and a full subcategory of completely regular frames. As an application of the latter equivalence, we construct the Stone-Č ech compactification of a completely regular S-frame, that is, its compact coreflection in the category of completely regular S-frames.A distinguishing feature of the study of partial frames is that a small collection of axioms of an elementary nature allows one to do much that is traditional at the level of frames or locales and of uniform or nearness frames. The axioms are sufficiently general to include as examples of partial frames bounded distributive lattices, σ-frames, κ-frames and frames.

AC_ICAP: A Flexible High Speed ICAP Controller

The Internal Configuration Access Port (ICAP) is the core component of any dynamic partial reconfigurable system implemented in Xilinx SRAM-based Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). We developed a new high speed ICAP controller, named AC_ICAP, completely implemented in hardware. In addition to similar solutions to accelerate the management of partial bitstreams and frames, AC_ICAP also supports run-time reconfiguration of LUTs without requiring precomputed partial bitstreams. This last characteristic was possible by performing reverse engineering on the bitstream. Besides, we adapted this hardware-based solution to provide IP cores accessible from the MicroBlaze processor. To this end, the controller was extended and three versions were implemented to evaluate its performance when connected to Peripheral Local Bus (PLB), Fast Simplex Link (FSL), and AXI interfaces of the processor. In consequence, the controller can exploit the flexibility that the processor offers but taking advantage of the hardware speed-up. It was implemented in both Virtex-5 and Kintex7 FPGAs. Results of reconfiguration time showed that run-time reconfiguration of single LUTs in Virtex-5 devices was performed in less than 5 μs which implies a speed-up of more than 380x compared to the Xilinx XPS_HWICAP controller.

An analysis research of the stiffness characteristics of hospital building materials

This paper primarily aims to introduce different stiffness ratio requirements for hospital buildings of various structural styles, to achieve a new standard. The requirements of each stiffness ratio are analyzed, according to the specification formulas and illustrations. And whether the structural deformation situation complies with the code requirement or dissatisfies the specification requests can be intuitively reflected through the application of the chart form, respectively. The corresponding measures complying with the code requirement and the matters needing attention in the schematic design phase are proposed. The comparison analysis for the lateral rigidity and lateral stiffness ratios is performed by applying different methods for the project cases of shear wall, frame tube and partial frame shear wall structures. The proposed computing method may better reflect the stiffness characteristics of the component’s cross-section, with regard to vertical layer, storey height and materials, as well as the actual situation of the turning constraint on both ends. The result thus determined can better reflect the real lateral rigidity of the construction, which is available as a benchmark for engineers designing hospital building structures.

Performance of partial strength connection connected by thick plate between column flanges

Traditional beam connections to the minor axis of a column have relatively low strength and stiffness. A modified detail, using a plate welded between the toes of the column flange - referred to as a toe plate connection - is examined in this paper. The results of an experimental investigation for both flush and extended end-plate connections connected to a 25 mm thick end-plate are presented. The tests are complemented by finite element modelling which compares very well with the test observations. The results show a significant increase in both moment resistance and initial stiffness for this connection detail compared with connections made directly to the column web. This offers the prospect of more optimal solutions taking advantage of partial strength frame design for the minor axis as well as major axis.

An experimental investigation on the ultimate strength of epoxy repaired braced partial infilled RC frames

An experimental investigation on the ultimate strength of epoxy repaired braced partial infilled RC frames