Partial Flows Research Articles

Performance of a RuCs/MgO catalyst coated on additive manufactured support structures via electrophoretic deposition for ammonia synthesis

This work investigates the electrophoretic deposition of a catalytic coating on so-called fluid guiding elements (FGE) with a ruthenium-based catalyst for use in ammonia synthesis reactors. FGE are additive manufactured metallic pipe inserts that have shown to enhance the heat transfer compared to empty pipes by dividing the fluid flow and alternately guiding the partial flows to the wall. Consequently, they could improve the performance of temperature sensitive structured catalytic systems. To be able to demonstrate the degree of process intensification, the required steps to enable the deposition of a reference catalyst for ammonia synthesis are developed. Further, the distribution of catalytically active compounds is characterized. The catalytic activity is assessed in a plug flow reactor under pressures up to 5MPa and compared against a fixed bed from the same batch. The expected activity from the reference catalyst is calculated by a kinetic rate expression. The coating process does not affect catalytic activity, but a steady deactivation and high sensitivity to feed gas impurities are observed. Possible mechanisms for the deactivation are examined and discussed.

A quick 3D BEM iterative algorithm for partially cavitating flows over cylindrical bodies at angles of attack

An iterative three dimensional Boundary Element Method (BEM) is formulated to investigate partial cavitating flows around cylindrical bodies at various angles of attack and validation is pursued through comparison with other numerical models. Also, in this article the effect of angle of attack on two types of head (conical and blunt-head) is investigated. The results show that the effect of angle of attack on variation of cavity shape at blunt-head cylinder is more considerable. The need for a very short time (less than 10 min) to reach the desirable convergence and also proper accuracy in calculating the properties of cavitating flows are considerable advantages of this method. Also, in this research, the effect of the length of a cylindrical body on the cavity length has been investigated. The results confirm that if the length of the body is greater than 1.7 times the cavity length, the effects of the negative pressure behind the cylindrical body on the cavity length can be neglected.

Non-Negative Decomposition of Multivariate Information: From Minimum to Blackwell-Specific Information.

Partial information decompositions (PIDs) aim to categorize how a set of source variables provides information about a target variable redundantly, uniquely, or synergetically. The original proposal for such an analysis used a lattice-based approach and gained significant attention. However, finding a suitable underlying decomposition measure is still an open research question at an arbitrary number of discrete random variables. This work proposes a solution with a non-negative PID that satisfies an inclusion-exclusion relation for any f-information measure. The decomposition is constructed from a pointwise perspective of the target variable to take advantage of the equivalence between the Blackwell and zonogon order in this setting. Zonogons are the Neyman-Pearson region for an indicator variable of each target state, and f-information is the expected value of quantifying its boundary. We prove that the proposed decomposition satisfies the desired axioms and guarantees non-negative partial information results. Moreover, we demonstrate how the obtained decomposition can be transformed between different decomposition lattices and that it directly provides a non-negative decomposition of Rényi-information at a transformed inclusion-exclusion relation. Finally, we highlight that the decomposition behaves differently depending on the information measure used and how it can be used for tracing partial information flows through Markov chains.

Cash Flows and Capital Adequacy Ratio of Indonesian Commercial Banks

This article examines the impact of partial Cash Flows from Operating Activities (CFO), Cash Flow from Investing Activities (CFI), and Cash Flow from Financing Activities (CFF) on the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) of Indonesian commercial banks. The tests are conducted over a purposive population, sample, and unit of analysis of data from five years from 2009 to 2013 of the Big-Five commercial banks in the country. The period selection considered the banks’ response post-financial crisis in 2008. The classic assumption tests assumed that all data are valid for the simple regression to test each independent variable's correlation and effect on the dependent variable using EViewS econometric software. The test results show that all CF elements correlated negatively with CAR. The CFI shows a significant impact, while the CFO and CFF have insignificant implications on CAR. The conclusions imply that the parties should pay special attention to CFI, which significantly influences the CAR. This conclusion supports the CFI's central position as the source of long-term profit funded by the CFF. The finding indicated that post-crisis 2008, the Indonesian commercial banks improved their investment in long-term assets. The new long-term investment has not resulted in an additional cash flow and even depressed the net cash flow from investing activities. Given the necessity of banks to avoid idle funds, this study recommends future studies concerning the trade-off between CF decrease and the banks' profitability.

The role of buoyancy and thermal acceleration in heat transfer deterioration and thermal oscillation for the CO2 around pseudo-critical region

Trans-critical CO2 Rankine cycle has great potential in converting low-grade heat into electricity, because of its good temperature glide matching between working medium and heat source. However, the drastic variation in thermo-physical properties of CO2 around the pseudo-critical region causes the abnormal flow and heat transfer behaviors. In this paper, the heat transfer deterioration and thermal oscillation in the heat addition of trans-critical CO2 cycle are investigated by experiments. The test section is heated uniformly by a DC power (0∼6 kW) and the minimum Reynolds number in the test section inlet is about 8000 (it is much larger than 2300) for the all cases. A shear stress reconstruction model is corrected by introducing the velocity profile of turbulence in the boundary layer to attempt to provide a quantitative criterion for deterioration and oscillation. The role of buoyancy and thermal acceleration in heat transfer deterioration and thermal oscillation is elucidated by connecting the shearing-stress reconstruction model and experimental results. It is found that, the thermal acceleration in the near-wall zone provides the key motivation to drive the heat transfer deterioration. The thermal oscillation is driven by the transition between partial and full re-laminarization flows in the local zone of heat transfer deterioration. When (Δτa/τw)<1&(Δτ/τw)tot>1 or 0.1<(Δτ/τw)tot<1, the turbulence is partially re-laminarized. When(Δτa/τw)>1&(Δτa/τw)>>(Δτbo/τw), the intense thermal acceleration causes the turbulence to be fully re-laminarized in the near-wall zone and it maintains the new laminar boundary . The turbulence is partially re-laminarized in the lower boundary and it is almost full re-laminarization in the upper boundary of the oscillation wall temperatures. The results confirm that the emergence of heat transfer deterioration and oscillation instability in mixed turbulent convective relate with the change of flow states caused by acceleration and buoyancy effects.

Application of lipid and polymeric-based nanoparticles for treatment of inner ear infections via XGBoost

Taking hearing loss as a prevalent sensory disorder, the restricted permeability of blood flow and the blood-labyrinth barrier in the inner ear pose significant challenges to transporting drugs to the inner ear tissues. The current options for hear loss consist of cochlear surgery, medication, and hearing devices. There are some restrictions to the conventional drug delivery methods to treat inner ear illnesses, however, different smart nanoparticles, including inorganic-based nanoparticles, have been presented to regulate drug administration, enhance the targeting of particular cells, and decrease systemic adverse effects. Zinc oxide nanoparticles possess distinct characteristics that facilitate accurate drug delivery, improved targeting of specific cells, and minimized systemic adverse effects. Zinc oxide nanoparticles was studied for targeted delivery and controlled release of therapeutic drugs within specific cells. XGBoost model is used on the Wideband Absorbance Immittance (WAI) measuring test after cochlear surgery. There were 90 middle ear effusion samples (ages = 1–10 years, mean = 34.9 months) had chronic middle ear effusion for four months and verified effusion for seven weeks. In this research, 400 sets underwent wideband absorbance imaging (WAI) to assess inner ear performance after surgery. Among them, 60 patients had effusion Otitis Media with Effusion (OME), while 30 ones had normal ears (control). OME ears showed significantly lower absorbance at 250, 500, and 1000 Hz than controls (p < 0.001). Absorbance thresholds >0.252 (1000 Hz) and >0.330 (2000 Hz) predicted a favorable prognosis (p < 0.05, odds ratio: 6). It means that cochlear surgery and WAI showed high function in diagnosis and treatment of inner ear infections. Regarding the R2 0.899 and RMSE 1.223, XGBoost shows excellent specificity and sensitivity for categorizing ears as having effusions absent or present or partial or complete flows present, with areas under the curve (1–0.944).

A flexible and scalable single-level framework for OD matrix inference using IoT data

This study proposes a flexible and scalable single-level framework for origin–destination matrix (ODM) inference using data from IoT (Internet of Things) and other sources. The framework allows the analyst to integrate information from multiple data sources, while controlling for differences in data quality across sources. We assess the effectiveness of the framework through a real-world experiment in Greater Adelaide (GA), Australia. We infer car OD flows within the region using four separate data sources: site-level traffic counts from loop detectors, vehicle trajectories recorded by roadside Bluetooth sensors, partial OD flows based on data from in to vehicle navigation systems, and journey-to-work OD data collected by the Australian Census. We compare our OD inferences with those from the current version of the Strategic Adelaide Model (SAM), calibrated using data from traditional household travel surveys. We find remarkable consistency between our inferences and those from SAM, despite differences in input data and methodologies. For example, for the morning peak period, we predict the total number of trips made within GA to be equal to 556,000, while the corresponding prediction from SAM is equal to 484,000. The two predictions are within 15 per cent of each other. When we compare the spatial distribution of trips, in terms of origins and destinations, we find that our inferred OD matrix has an 86 per cent cosine similarity to the corresponding SAM matrix. Travel time predictions based on our OD inferences correspond closely to those predicted by the Google Directions API, lending further confidence in our inferences. In summary, our results show that the proposed framework can produce highly comparable ODM, trip production and trip attraction patterns to those inferred from traditional household travel survey-based transportation demand modelling methods.

Partial cavity shedding on a hydrofoil resulting from re-entrant flow and bubbly shock waves

Partial cavity flows forming on a NACA0015 hydrofoil are visualized using high-speed cinematography and time-resolved X-ray densitometry. These observations reveal the underlying flow features that lead to the cloud cavity shedding. Previous studies have reported that both near-surface liquid re-entrant flow and bubbly shock waves can serve as the mechanisms causing cavity pinch-off and cloud shedding. We identify both mechanisms in the current study. The cavity shedding frequency was also examined and related to the underlying flow dynamics. The probability of re-entrant flow or bubbly shock-induced shedding processes are quantified, and the likelihood of each mechanism is shown to be a function of both the cavitation number and the Mach number of the bubbly mixture within the separated region of the cavity. When the Mach number of the two-phase mixture in the cavity exceeds unity, shock waves become the dominant mechanism that lead to large-scale cavity shedding and cloud cavitation.

A Lagrangian analysis of partial cavitation growth and cavitation control mechanism

Partial cavitation has a strong unsteadiness, which will cause serious damage to the hydraulic machinery. The spanwise obstacle is nearly the most efficient method for controlling unsteady cavitation. In this study, numerical simulations of partial cavitating flows around NACA (National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics) 66 hydrofoils in two dimensions (2D) were carried out both with and without obstruction. The obstruction is placed at 0.37c, and its height is 0.1c. Utilizing the finite-time Lyapunov exponent, the Lagrangian coherent structures (LCSs) were developed to investigate the dynamic characteristics of the unsteady flow. By showing the dynamic evolution of the Lagrangian behaviors, the time-dependent LCSs over the two different flows demonstrate the effectiveness of LCSs in explaining the evolution of the vortex during the partial cavitation process. With the use of LCSs, the vortex boundary and reentrant jet can be easily located, and the link between the vortexes can be readily seen. In the meantime, the vortex's origin and destination are shown by the stable and unstable manifolds, respectively. LCSs were then utilized to examine how the obstruction had an impact, and the following conclusions were reached. First, the obstruction can stop a portion of reentrant jets from passing through it. Second, the obstruction can curve the pathway of the reentrant jet, which has passed through it. Third, the obstruction prevents the cavity from flowing downstream. Finally, the obstruction continuously obliterates the expanding cavity across it. Simply said, the Lagrangian analysis based on LCSs provides a better understanding of the vortex dynamics than traditional visualization techniques, which is essential to understanding the great performance of the cavitation-induced unsteady flow.

Global regularity of three-dimensional Ricci limit spaces

Miles Simon and the second author, in their recent work [Geom. Topol. 25 (2021), pp. 913–948], established a local bi-Hölder correspondence between weakly noncollapsed Ricci limit spaces in three dimensions and smooth manifolds. In particular, any open ball of finite radius in such a limit space must be bi-Hölder homeomorphic to some open subset of a complete smooth Riemannian three-manifold. In this work we build on the technology from Simon and the second author in [J. Differential Geometry, to appear] and [Geom. Topol. 25, (2021), pp. 913–948] to improve this local correspondence to a global-local correspondence. That is, we construct a smooth three-manifold M , M , and prove that the entire (weakly) noncollapsed three-dimensional Ricci limit space is homeomorphic to M M via a globally-defined homeomorphism that is bi-Hölder once restricted to any compact subset. Here the bi-Hölder regularity is with respect to the distance d g d_g on M , M, where g g is any smooth complete metric on M M . A key step in our proof is the construction of local pyramid Ricci flows, existing on uniform regions of spacetime, that are inspired by Hochard’s partial Ricci flows in the paper by Raphaël Hochard [Short-time existence of the Ricci flow on complete, non-collapsed 3-manifolds with Ricci curvature bounded from below, https://arxiv.org/abs/1603.08726, 2016]. Suppose ( M , g 0 , x 0 ) \left ( M , g_0 , x_0 \right ) is a complete smooth pointed Riemannian three-manifold that is (weakly) noncollapsed and satisfies a lower Ricci bound. Then, given any k ∈ N , k \in \mathbb {N}, we construct a smooth Ricci flow g ( t ) g(t) living on a subset of spacetime that contains, for each j ∈ { 1 , … , k } j \in \left \{1 , \ldots , k \right \} , a cylinder B g 0 ( x 0 , j ) × [ 0 , T j ] \mathbb {B}_{g_0} \left ( x_0 , j \right )\times [0,T_j] , where T j T_j is dependent only on the Ricci lower bound, the (weakly) noncollapsed volume lower bound and the radius j j (in particular independent of k k ) and with the property that g ( 0 ) = g 0 g(0)=g_0 throughout B g 0 ( x 0 , k ) \mathbb {B}_{g_0} \left ( x_0 , k \right ) .

Milkability of Holstein cows is significantly affected by the incidence of clinical mastitis for weeks after diagnosis.

The main objective of this research communication was to explore the extent of milkability changes caused by the incidence of clinical mastitis. Our second objective was to investigate if the milkability of cows shortly before mastitis incidence significantly differed in comparison with healthy cows. Milk yield, milking time, average milk flow, partial milk flows and the occurrence of bimodal milk flows were monitored during the first 120 d in milk for all cows that calved on the farm during the experimental period (n = 127). A veterinarian diagnosed 27 cows with clinical mastitis, while the remaining healthy cows served as a control group. The period surrounding the mastitis was monitored in a timeline from 2 weeks before to 4 weeks after the diagnosis. We did not observe any significant differences in milkability between the healthy cows and the cows in the pre-mastitis period, which suggests that monitoring these might not be useful for early mastitis detection. Milk yield and milk flow were significantly decreased in the week of mastitis diagnosis compared to the pre-mastitis period. Milking time was not affected in the week of diagnosis, but was significantly increased in the following week, because milk yield returned to pre-mastitis values, but average milk flow was still significantly decreased. Milk yield was normalized to pre-mastitis values as the first of monitored parameters. Milk flow returned to pre-mastitis values in the fourth week after mastitis diagnosis. Milking time was the only parameter that was significantly affected up to a month after diagnosis. Our results showed that milkability changes caused by mastitis are significant and should not be ignored. The ability to adjust milking settings for cows diagnosed with mastitis could become a useful tool for improving mastitis treatment.

Study of the Convective Stratification of Airflows in a Mine Shaft

The experimental study of heat and mass transfer in the atmosphere of a skip shaft of a Gypsum mine was carried out during the summer and winter seasons. The air flow overturning was observed in the winter season due to the ingress of cold heavy air from the surface into the shaft space. To analyze this phenomenon, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of heat and mass transfer processes in a mine shaft was developed, considering the vertical temperature gradient, roughness of the shaft walls, heat exchange with the shaft lining. Based on numerical simulation, it was found that at relatively low air velocities in the shaft and with a relatively large difference between warm air in the shaft and cold air on the surface, the latter begins to penetrate the shaft and descend down it, gradually filling its space. The interaction of cold air from the surface with the warm air rising up the shaft, as well as with warm walls of the shaft leads to the formation of an unsteady convective vortex cellular structure along the shaft. The depth of the vortex depends on the velocity of the air in the shaft, as well as the difference between the temperatures of the warm and cold air. Based on the obtained numerical simulation data, it was possible to calculate the minimum allowable air velocity at which partial return air flows appear in the shaft cross-section.

Single-level approach to estimate origin-destination matrix: exploiting turning proportions and partial OD flows

ABSTRACT This research proposes a novel single-level approach to traffic counts-based OD estimation using observed turning proportions and partial OD flows. The key idea is to relax the need for explicit assignment-based bi-level models and exploit the observations from big traffic data. The observed turning proportions are used to estimate traffic counts; and the structural knowledge of partial OD flows is used to improve the quality of OD estimates. Numerical experiments considering different spatial coverage of partial OD from Bluetooth are conducted on two networks. The study findings indicated that the quality of estimates improve with higher percentage of partial OD information. The proposed approach is computationally faster and yielded slightly better results than the traditional bi-level. The methodology is not limited to data from Bluetooth but adaptive with other sources such as GPS, mobile phone, and travel surveys that can provide turning proportions and/or partial OD flows.

Intensification of the Foam Technology by the Energy of Electrohydrothermal Force Fields. Part 3. Investigation of the Processes of Heat and Mass Transfer in a Foam System under the Action of EHTFF

As a result of thermal expansion of the gas phase of a foam mass playing the role of compacting component in a closed volume, we observe the appearance of excess internal pressure accompanied by the formation of the fields of pressure, temperature, and moisture content. The partial flows of liquid caused by these fields are directed from the center toward the perforated walls of the form and go further leaving the form. Under the action of electrohydrothermal force fields, we observe the appearance of three partial flows of moisture combined into a single flow in the mass. Thus, the phenomenon of self-compaction is accompanied by the processes of heat and mass transfer. At low temperatures, moisture moves in the material in the form of a fluid. At the same time, at high temperatures, it has the form of vapor. The density of the total flow of moisture can be represented as the sum of densities of the partial flows. The analytic investigation of the mechanism of heat-and-mass transfer flows enables us to study the behavior of the foam mass in the course of heat-and-force treatment and to choose the best conditions for this treatment.

Balance of Na+, K+, and Cl- Unidirectional Fluxes in Normal and Apoptotic U937 Cells Computed With All Main Types of Cotransporters.

Fluxes of monovalent ions through the multiple pathways of the plasma membrane are highly interdependent, and their assessment by direct measurement is difficult or even impossible. Computation of the entire flux balance helps to identify partial flows and study the functional expression of individual transporters. Our previous computation of unidirectional fluxes in real cells ignored the ubiquitous cotransporters NKCC and KCC. Here, we present an analysis of the entire balance of unidirectional Na+, K+, and Cl– fluxes through the plasma membrane in human lymphoid U937 cells, taking into account not only the Na/K pump and electroconductive channels but all major types of cotransporters NC, NKCC, and KCC. Our calculations use flux equations based on the fundamental principles of macroscopic electroneutrality of the system, water balance, and the generally accepted thermodynamic dependence of ion fluxes on the driving force, and they do not depend on hypotheses about the molecular structure of the channel and transporters. A complete list of the major inward and outward Na+, K+, and Cl– fluxes is obtained for human lymphoid U937 cells at rest and during changes in the ion and water balance for the first 4 h of staurosporine-induced apoptosis. It is shown how the problem of the inevitable multiplicity of solutions to the flux equations, which arises with an increase in the number of ion pathways, can be solved in real cases by analyzing the ratio of ouabain-sensitive and ouabain-resistant parts of K+ (Rb+) influx (OSOR) and using additional experimental data on the effects of specific inhibitors. It is found that dynamics of changes in the membrane channels and transporters underlying apoptotic changes in the content of ions and water in cells, calculated without taking into account the KCC and NKCC cotransporters, differs only in details from that calculated for cells with KCC and NKCC. The developed approach to the assessment of unidirectional fluxes may be useful for understanding functional expression of ion channels and transporters in other cells under various conditions. Attached software allows reproduction of all calculated data under presented conditions and to study the effects of the condition variation.

Intensification of foam technology by the energy of the electrohydrothermal power field. Part 3. Investigation of the processes of heat and mass transfer in the foam system under the influence of EHTPF

As a result of thermal expansion in the foam mass of the gas phase, which acts as a sealing component in a closed volume, excessive internal pressure is generated and fields of pressure, temperature, and moisture content are formed. Particular flows of liquid arising from these fields are directed from the center to the perforated walls of the form with a distance beyond it. In EHTPF, there are three partial flows of moisture that make up a single flow in the mass. Thus, self-compaction is accompanied by heat and mass transfer processes. At low temperatures, moisture moves in the material in the form of a liquid, and at high temperatures, in the form of vapor. The density of the total moisture flow can be represented as the sum of the densities of private flows. An analytical study of the mechanism of heat and mass transfer flows allows one to analyze the behavior of the foam mass during heatpower treatment and to choose the best conditions for it.

Hydraulic and turbulent flow characteristics beneath a simulated partial ice-cover

A series of experiments were conducted beneath simulated partial ice covers to investigate the turbulent flow behaviour using a particle image velocimetry system. The velocity data were used to assess predictive capabilities of some bed shear stress models developed for open channels. Specifically, the abilities of the Ludwieg–Tillmann, quadratic stress law and Prandtl's seventh power law techniques to estimate the bed shear stress were compared to estimates from the logarithmic law technique. The ice coverage ratios considered were 0% (representing open water condition), 25%, 50% and 75%. Increasing ice coverage ratio to 50% and 75% increased the freestream velocity by approximately 8%. The dynamic role of secondary flow caused prevalence of the dip phenomenon under open water conditions and increased level of large-scale anisotropy. The present results depict easy adoption of the quadratic and Prandtl's seventh power laws to partial ice-covered flows.

Experimental thermal performance and modelling of a waste heat recovery unit in an energy cogeneration system

In this paper, the performance of a gas/oil heat recovery unit is assessed experimentally and by the development of an Aspen model and artificial neural networks. The heat recovery unit is a cross-flow heat exchanger used to recover the residual heat of the exhaust gases coming from a microturbine to drive an absorption chiller. The test facility consists mainly of a microturbine, a heat recovery unit, and an air-cooled absorption chiller. The experiments were conducted at partial power loads and different thermal oil mass flows. Regarding the models, the Aspen model depends on inlet conditions, the mechanical description of the heat recovery unit, and the fluids thermophysical properties, whereas the ANN model consists of 3 trained artificial neurons, 4 inputs (inlet flows and temperatures), and 2 outputs (thermal load and overall heat transfer coefficient). The experimental tests show that the recovery unit recovers from 18.8 kW to 8.1 kW when the microturbine power output is varied from 23kWe to 4 kWe. Results also show that the overall heat transfer coefficient ranges between 243 W.m−2.K−1 and 89 W.m−2.K−1, while they evidence that the overall heat transfer resistance is controlled by the exhaust gases heat transfer resistance. Furthermore, simulation results show that the Aspen model predicts the heat recovery unit thermal load and overall heat transfer coefficient with average relative differences of 0.93% and 11.27%, respectively, to the experiments. The ANN model evidences average relative differences of 0.51% and 3.48% for the thermal load and overall heat transfer coefficient, respectively.

Molybdenum Isotope Separation in a Cascade with a Specified Number of Gas Centrifuges in Stages

A method of calculating and optimizing a multi-flow cascade with a specified number of gas centrifuges in stages on cuts of their partial flows were developed. A special feature of the method is an iterative fitting of the separation coefficients of the gas centrifuges that depend on the feed flow and the division factor of the flow. A computational experiment was conducted on the separation of molybdenum hexafluoride and concentration of the isotopes 98Mo in an additional product and 100Mo in the waste of the cascade. The basic factors that affect the efficiency in concentrating the components and are associated with the cascade feed and the types of stages in terms of the number of gas centrifuges are determined. It is shown that the feed flows and the separation coefficients of the stages of such cascades differ significantly from those of rectangular and rectangular-sectioned cascades.

Restoration of the isotopic composition of reprocessed uranium hexafluoride using cascade with additional product

In reprocessed uranium, derived from an impoverished fuel of light-water moderated reactors, there are isotopes of 232, 234, 236U, which make its recycling remarkably difficult. A method of concentration of 235U target isotope in cascade's additional product was proposed to recover the isotopic composition of reprocessed uranium. A general calculation procedure is presented and a parameters' optimization of multi-flow cascades with additional products. For the first time a numeric model of a cascade that uses the cuts of partial flows of stages with relatively high separation factors was applied in this procedure. A novel computing experiment is carried out on separation of reprocessed uranium hexafluoride with providing a high concentration of 235U in cascade's additional product with subsequent dilution. The parameters of cascades' stages are determined so as to allow reducing the 232, 234, 236U isotope content up to the acceptable. It was demonstrated that the dilution of selected products by the natural waste makes it possible to receive a low enriched uranium hexafluoride that meets the ASTM C996-15 specification for commercial grade.