Partial Extension Research Articles

"These pretzels are making me thirsty" so I'll have water tomorrow: A partial replication and extension of adults' induced-state episodic foresight.

The ability to consider the future under the influence of an induced current state is known as induced-state episodic foresight. One study to date has examined adults’ induced episodic foresight and found that adults’ (like children’s) preferences for the future are related to their current state such that they predicted wanting water (vs. pretzels) in the future when experiencing a current state of thirst [1]. We attempted to replicate these findings in adults. In Study 1, adults (N = 198) in a laboratory selected pretzels for tomorrow at the same rate (around 20%) in an experimental condition (thirst induced) and a control condition (thirst not induced). In a lecture, 32% of adults preferred pretzels for tomorrow without thirst induction (Study 2, N = 63). Partially replicating Kramer et al. [1], we found that a minority of adults preferred pretzels (vs. water) when experiencing a current state of thirst. However, in contrast to their findings, our results showed that when thirst was not induced, a minority of adults also preferred pretzels for tomorrow. Thus, adults’ future preference was similar regardless of thirst induction. We also tested thirst as a mechanism for adults’ preference for the future and found that across conditions adults’ thirst predicted their choice of water (vs. pretzels) for the future. In sum, our results partially replicated Kramer et al. [1] by showing the current state, regardless of thirst induction, predicts adults’ choices for the future.

Structural Ensemble of the Insulin Monomer.

Experimental evidence suggests that monomeric insulin exhibits significant conformational heterogeneity, and modifications of apparently disordered regions affect both biological activity and the longevity of pharmaceutical formulations, presumably through receptor binding and fibrillation/degradation, respectively. However, a microscopic understanding of conformational heterogeneity has been lacking. Here, we integrate all-atom molecular dynamics simulations with an analysis pipeline to investigate the structural ensemble of human insulin monomers. We find that 60% of the structures present at least one of the following elements of disorder: melting of the A-chain N-terminal helix, detachment of the B-chain N-terminus, and detachment of the B-chain C-terminus. We also observe partial melting and extension of the B-chain helix and significant conformational heterogeneity in the region containing the B-chain β-turn. We then estimate hydrogen-exchange protection factors for the sampled ensemble and find them in line with experimental results for KP-insulin, although the simulations underestimate the importance of unfolded states. Our results help explain the ready exchange of specific amide sites that appear to be protected in crystal structures. Finally, we discuss the implications for insulin function and stability.

A MISSED PULMONARY ARTERY SARCOMA REQUIRING RADICAL EXCISION AND PNEUMONECTOMY: SURGICAL TECHNIQUE

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> A 64-year-old previously well male patient was referred with a 3-month history of progressive shortness of breath (New York Heart Association class III) and non-exertional chest pain radiating to the back. TA transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) demonstrated mild flow acceleration across the pulmonary valve, without insufficiency and estimated pulmonary pressures of 55 - 60 mmHg. Repeat CT scan identified an approximately 6 cm mass completely filling the right pulmonary artery (RPA) to the hilum and extending down the main pulmonary artery (MPA), potentially involving the pulmonary valve. The left pulmonary artery (LPA) appeared mostly spared. Multidisciplinary oncological team evaluation suggested concerns for pulmonary artery sarcoma prompting consideration for urgent radical excision with homograft reconstruction and right pneumonectomy. <h3>METHODS AND RESULTS</h3> Upon discovery of bilateral PAS in our patient, we decided intraoperatively to continue with a complete radical resection and pneumonectomy, keeping with the goal of complete curative excision. This required extensive planning for surgery including ensuring homograft availability for reconstruction of the pulmonary root and its branches. Cardioplegic arrest was utilized to allow aortic transection to provide optimal exposure posterior to the aorta to determine tumor extension. Given only partial extension into the LPA, we prioritized good margins distally towards the left lung, and used an additional pulmonary allograft for reconstruction. Complete obstruction of the RPA and tumor extension into the right lung necessitated a right pneumonectomy. Pathology confirmed intimal sarcoma with negative margins, and confirmed tumor spread into the right lung parenchyma. At 6 months follow-up, this patient is doing well with no signs of tumour recurrence. Repeat CT demonstrates a patent and functional reconstructed MPA and LPA. <h3>CONCLUSION</h3> Though this technique requires meticulous planning and surgical expertise, it offers a reasonable alternative to conventional management with greater survival benefit. The hope is this approach can build on past literature and lead to longer survival post-operation in patients diagnosed with this rare but deadly disease.

The commutative inverse semigroup of partial abelian extensions

This paper is a new contribution to the partial Galois theory of groups. First, given a unital partial action αG of a finite group G on an algebra S such that S is an -partial Galois extension of and a normal subgroup H of G, we prove that induces a unital partial action of G/H on the subalgebra of invariants of S such that is an -partial Galois extension of Second, assuming that G is abelian, we construct a commutative inverse semigroup whose elements are equivalence classes of -partial abelian extensions of a commutative algebra R. We also prove that there exists a group isomorphism between and T(G, A), where ρ is a congruence on and T(G, A) is the classical Harrison group of the G-isomorphism classes of the abelian extensions of a commutative algebra A. It is shown that the study of reduces to the case where G is cyclic. The set of idempotents of is also investigated.

Techno-Economic Assessment of Battery Electric Trains and Recharging Infrastructure Alternatives Integrating Adjacent Renewable Energy Sources

Battery electric multiple units (BEMU) are an effective path towards a decarbonized regional rail transport on partly electrified rail lines. As a means of sector coupling, the BEMU recharging energy demand provided through overhead line islands can be covered from decentralized renewable energy sources (RES). Thus, fully carbon-free electricity for rail transport purposes can be obtained. In this study, we analyze cost reduction potentials of efficient recharging infrastructure positioning and the feasibility of covering BEMU energy demand by direct-use of locally produced renewable electricity. Therefore, we set up a model-based approach which assesses relevant lifecycle costs (LCC) of different trackside electrification alternatives comparing energy supply from local RES and grid consumption. The model-based approach is applied to the example of a German regional rail line. In the case of an overhead line island, the direct-use of electricity from adjacent wind power plants with on-site battery storage results in relevant LCC of EUR 173.4 M/30a, while grid consumption results in EUR 176.2 M/30a whereas full electrification results in EUR 224.5 M/30a. Depending on site-specific factors such as existing electrification and line lengths, BEMU operation and partial overhead line extension can lead to significant cost reductions of recharging infrastructure as compared to full electrification.

Absolute continuity, Lyapunov exponents, and rigidity II: systems with compact center leaves

AbstractWe explore new connections between the dynamics of conservative partially hyperbolic systems and the geometric measure-theoretic properties of their invariant foliations. Our methods are applied to two main classes of volume-preserving diffeomorphisms: fibered partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms and center-fixing partially hyperbolic systems. When the center is one-dimensional, assuming the diffeomorphism is accessible, we prove that the disintegration of the volume measure along the center foliation is either atomic or Lebesgue. Moreover, the latter case is rigid in dimension three (this does not require accessibility): the center foliation is actually smooth and the diffeomorphism is smoothly conjugate to an explicit rigid model. A partial extension to fibered partially hyperbolic systems with compact fibers of any dimension is also obtained. A common feature of these classes of diffeomorphisms is that the center leaves either are compact or can be made compact by taking an appropriate dynamically defined quotient. For volume-preserving partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms whose center foliation is absolutely continuous, if the generic center leaf is a circle, then every center leaf is compact.

Maximal extension of the Schwarzschild metric: From Painlevé–Gullstrand to Kruskal–Szekeres

It is shown that one can link in a continuous manner the Painlevé–Gullstrand partial extension to the Kruskal–Szekeres maximal analytical extension, and thus exhibit the maximal extension of the Schwarzschild metric in a unified picture. This is done by finding a coordinate system that adopts two time coordinates, one being the proper time of a congruence of outgoing timelike geodesics, the other being the proper time of a congruence of ingoing timelike geodesics, both parametrized by the same energy per unit mass E. E is in the range 1≤E<∞, with the limit E=∞ yielding the Kruskal–Szekeres maximal extension. So, through such an integrated description one sees that the Kruskal–Szekeres solution belongs to this E family of extensions. This family is different from the Novikov–Lemaître family also parametrized by the energy E of timelike geodesics, with the Novikov extension holding for 0<E<1 and being maximal, and the Lemaître extension holding for 1≤E<∞ and being partial, not maximal, and moreover its E=∞ limit evanescing in a Minkowski spacetime or inflating into a Kasner spacetime, rather than ending in the Kruskal–Szekeres spacetime.

Profiles of potential behavioral addictions' severity and their associations with gender, personality, and well-being: A person-centered approach

BackgroundAddictions share common etiological factors associated with personality vulnerabilities such as narcissism or emotional instability. Also, there are gender differences in the type of and risk for addiction (e.g., men may be more prone to addictions, overall). These are considerably less understood in relation to behavioral addictions (BAs) than in substance use disorders. This study aimed to investigate associations between profiles of six potential BAs (study, shopping, gaming, Facebook, pornography, and food) and gender, personality, and well-being among Polish emerging adults, as a partial replication and extension of previous work. Participants and procedureIn a paper-and-pencil cross-sectional study, 1182 Polish undergraduate students (mean age = 20.33 years; SD = 1.68) completed questionnaires measuring six potential BAs alongside questions on demographic variables, personality traits (Big Five, narcissism), and well-being indicators (general quality of life, health quality, sleep quality, perceived stress, anxiety, and hopelessness). ResultsUsing latent profile analysis, four profiles were identified: (1) elevated levels of study, Facebook, shopping, and food addictions; (2) elevated levels of gaming and pornography addictions; (3) low or average levels of all potential BAs, and (4) highest levels of all potential BAs. The second and fourth profiles included men predominantly, and the first profile included almost exclusively women. The fourth profile, in comparison to all other profiles, demonstrated significantly higher scores on all potential BAs, narcissism, lowest conscientiousness and emotional stability, and lowest well-being. ConclusionsThe results suggest that there is a general proclivity to potential BAs. Furthermore, there are gender-specific profiles of potential BAs, which at present are poorly understood.

Time distribution and intentional vocabulary learning through repeated reading: a partial replication and extension

The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of different schedules of repeated reading practice on intentional vocabulary learning, and constitutes a partial replication and extension of the authors’ previous study on incidental vocabulary learning. Two groups of Taiwanese EFL learners (n = 72) engaged in five repeated reading sessions; one group had the sessions on consecutive days (1-day intersession interval, ISI), whereas the other had them once a week (7-day ISI). Apart from reading for meaning, the students were also asked to focus on 36 target words. The students were tested before and immediately after the treatment. Moreover, a delayed posttest was scheduled at a retention interval (RI) of 4 and 28 days for the intensive group and spaced group respectively (considering an ISI/RI ratio of 25%). The results indicate that the short-spaced repeated reading sessions had a significantly more positive effect on vocabulary learning on both immediate and delayed posttest than the long-spaced sessions. The benefits of the short-spaced schedule were clearer in the current study on intentional vocabulary learning than in the authors’ previous study on incidental learning through repeated reading.

Resection and postoperative radiation therapy for desmoid fibromatosis of the chest wall in a young woman

BackgroundSurgery is an effective treatment for desmoid fibromatosis, but it may be difficult, depending on the location or local spread of the tumor, and the decision to perform surgery must be made carefully. We herein report a case of desmoid fibromatosis of the chest wall in a young woman suspected of having invasion to the 1st, 2nd and 3rd ribs.Case presentationA 35-year-old woman had been aware of dry cough and right chest pain, so she was referred to our hospital. Chest computed tomography showed a localized pleural tumor mainly at the first rib. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a 75 × 65 × 27-mm tumor with a smooth surface, with partial contact from the first rib to third rib and partial extension to the 1st intercostal space. The tumor showed growth in the two months after the first visit, so resection was performed. The tumor was completely resected, and adjuvant radiation therapy (50 Gy) was performed for the small margin. The pathological diagnosis was desmoid fibromatosis. The postoperative course has been uneventful, without recurrence at 14 months after surgery.ConclusionsIn chest wall tumors located ventral of the pulmonary apex, we suggest that a combination of the Grunenwald method and Masaoka anterior approach may be a useful option. In cases where margin is not enough, adjuvant radiation therapy should be considered.

Extending Partial Orthogonal Drawings

We study the planar orthogonal drawing style within the framework of partial representation extension. Let $(G,H,\Gamma_H)$ be a partial orthogonal drawing, i.e., $G$ is a graph, $H\subseteq G$ is a subgraph, $\Gamma_H$ is a planar orthogonal drawing of $H$, and $|\Gamma_H|$ is the number of vertices and bends in~$\Gamma_H$. We show that the existence of an orthogonal drawing~$\Gamma_G$ of $G$ that extends $\Gamma_H$ can be tested in linear time. If such a drawing exists, then there is also one that uses $O(|\Gamma_H|)$ bends per edge. On the other hand, we show that it is NP-complete to find an extension that minimizes the number of bends or has a fixed number of bends per edge.

Ultrasound Echogenicity of Papillary Thyroid Cancer Is Affected by Tumor Growth Patterns and Tumor Fibrosis.

The association between preoperative ultrasound (US) echogenicity and histopathological characteristics of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) has been rarely investigated is not well characterized. This study evaluated a relationship between the clinical characteristics of PTC, histopathological phenomena including tumor growth patterns (TGPs) and tumor fibrosis (TF), and US echogenicity. In total, 170 patients with PTC (<2 cm) underwent total thyroidectomy with central neck dissection. Demographics, US echogenicity, tumor size, extra-thyroidal extension (ETE), lymph node metastasis (LNM) within the central and lateral neck, TGPs, and TF percentage were reviewed. Patients with TGP II (encapsulated growth with partial pericapsular extension) and III (infiltrative growth) were more frequently burdened by ETE and lateral neck LNM compared to patients with TGP I (encapsulated growth with a well-defined cystic or solid characteristic). Older age was significantly deterministic of TGP III, and male gender and higher TF percentage were independent risk factors for lateral neck LNM. TGP III and TF were independent determining factors for marked hypoechogenicity on US. PTC with TGP II and III and higher tumor fibrosis exhibited more aggressive clinicopathologic behaviors. TGP III and TF were determinants for marked hypoechogenicity.

Synchronization of Variable-Length Constrained Sequence Codes

We study the ability of recently developed variable-length constrained sequence codes to determine codeword boundaries in the received sequence upon initial receipt of the sequence and if errors in the received sequence cause synchronization to be lost. We first investigate construction of these codes based on the finite state machine description of a given constraint, and develop new construction criteria to achieve high synchronization probabilities. Given these criteria, we propose a guided partial extension algorithm to construct variable-length constrained sequence codes with high synchronization probabilities. With this algorithm we construct new codes and determine the number of codewords and coded bits that are needed to recover synchronization once synchronization is lost. We consider a large variety of constraints including the runlength limited (RLL) constraint, the DC-free constraint, the Pearson constraint and constraints for inter-cell interference mitigation in flash memories. Simulation results show that the codes we construct exhibit excellent synchronization properties, often resynchronizing within a few bits.

REMOTE EMPLOYMENT THROUGH INTERNET PLATFORMS: CURRENT STATE AND PROBLEMS OF LEGAL REGULATION IN RUSSIA

Abstract: the article is devoted to the problems of the economic expansion and explosive growth of online internet platform employment. The classifications of digital labor platforms is also considered. Using the methods of bibliographic and statistical analysis, content analysis were identified socio-economic and legal problems arising from online internet platform employment including the risk of employment precarization among young people, women and other vulnerable groups. Assessing the possibility of partial extension of labor law regulation to certain categories of online internet platform workers, the authors focusing on the transnational nature of these platforms, justify the importance of conceptual legal regulation framework for online platform workers at the international and regional levels, including the EAEU. The question of the applicability of home work international labor standards to the online internet platform employment relations is considered. The importance of encouraging the internet platforms voluntary initiative towards extension international labor standards to online internet platform workers, especially the right to association, is emphasized.

Partial generalized crossed products and a seven-term exact sequence

For a partial Galois extension of commutative rings we give a seven term exact sequence which generalize the Chase-Harrison-Rosenberg sequence.

Explorations beyond dilaton chiral perturbation theory in the eight-flavor SU(3) gauge theory

We continue our study of spectroscopy data for the SU(3) gauge theory with eight fundamental fermions, motivated by the effective field theory framework of dilaton chiral perturbation theory (dChPT). At leading order dChPT predicts a constant mass anomalous dimension $\gamma_m$, consistent with the assumed proximity of an infrared fixed point. For the relatively large fermion masses simulated by the LatKMI collaboration, the influence of the infrared fixed point diminishes, and our fits suggest that $\gamma_m$ starts running. Since a complete higher-order analysis is not feasible with presently available data, we adopt a more phenomenological approach. We propose a partial extension to higher orders, which incorporates the running of $\gamma_m$ into the tree-level lagrangian. We find that this extension successfully describes the full fermion-mass range of the LatKMI data, including the pion taste splittings which arise from using staggered fermions in the lattice simulations. We also investigate a more general class of dilaton potentials proposed in the literature, using both the LSD and LatKMI data sets, concluding that these data favor the form predicted by dChPT.

Galois corings and groupoids acting partially on algebras

Bagio and Paques [Partial groupoid actions: globalization, Morita theory and Galois theory, Comm. Algebra 40 (2012) 3658–3678] developed a Galois theory for unital partial actions by finite groupoids. The aim of this note is to show that this is actually a special case of the Galois theory for corings, as introduced by Brzeziński [The structure of corings, Induction functors, Maschke-type theorem, and Frobenius and Galois properties, Algebr. Represent. Theory 5 (2002) 389–410]. To this end, we associate a coring to a unital partial action of a finite groupoid on an algebra [Formula: see text], and show that this coring is Galois if and only if [Formula: see text] is an [Formula: see text]-partial Galois extension of its coinvariants.

Consumer segmentation based on situational appropriateness ratings: Partial replication and extension

Perceived situational appropriateness crucially informs decisions about what to eat and drink, and this contextual-cognitive factor of food choice helps to understand why in certain situations, despite high acceptability, a non-consumption decision is made. Being shaped primarily by accumulated experience and familiarity, appropriateness is influenced by culture, but inter-individual variability within populations also exists. Consumer segmentation based on appropriateness ratings was recently reported in work with Australian consumers, with segment differences relating to how adaptive or conforming consumers’ perceptions were of appropriateness for a range of foods and beverages (F&B) for use in daily main eating occasions [Jaeger et al.; Fd. Qual. Pref., 2019, e103701]. Believing in the strength and value of cumulative evidence, the present research was informed by the broad paradigm of replication and extension. This directed that empirical execution, data analysis and reporting strategy directly and extensively defined this work. In two studies with consumers from Denmark (n = 780) and New Zealand (NZ, n = 448), partial replication was achieved for situationally Adaptive and Conforming consumer segments in regard to breakfast, lunch and dinner (morning, midday and evening meals, respectively). Extending to three different eating occasions in NZ, partial replication of Adaptive and Conforming consumer segments was obtained. It appeared that these segments exist for some but not all eating occasions and that cultural differences are also at play. The present research also replicated the relationship between perceived appropriateness and F&B liking/disliking, whereby liked products can be both appropriate and inappropriate, depending on the eating occasions. Consumer segments based on appropriateness ratings had similar profiles, which also replicated Jaeger et al. (2019).

Beliefs about others' global warming beliefs: The role of party affiliation and opinion deviance

People often misperceive other people's beliefs about global warming—for instance, underestimating the percentage of people who think global warming is happening. In the U.S., perceptions of others vary across political lines and interact with the extent to which partisans align or deviate from the views of their political ingroup. With an online sample of U.S. adults (N = 1214), we conduct a partial replication and extension of prior research on the relationship between global warming “opinion deviance” (i.e., taking a stance that conflicts with the prototypical views of one's ingroup) and perceptions of other people's views, using a different methodological approach. We found that, compared with partisans who align with the prototypical views of their ingroup (i.e., political party), opinion-deviant partisans consistently perceive a narrower partisan divide across several views (e.g., belief that global warming is happening, belief that it is human-caused, and support for climate policies), even when statistically controlling for self-reported opinion extremity. Additionally, opinion-deviant Republicans, more than opinion-aligned Republicans, perceive that more Republicans hold pro-climate views. Further, among both Republicans and Democrats, perceptions of pro-climate ingroup consensus correlates with both increased activism intentions and frequency of discussing global warming with family and friends. Our results support theoretical perspectives and research on opinion deviance showing that misperceptions of public opinion about global warming vary based on an interaction between an individual's party affiliation and their individual climate beliefs.

Differential dynamics of early stages of platelet adhesion and spreading on collagen IV- and fibrinogen-coated surfaces.

Background: Upon wound formation, platelets adhere to the neighboring extracellular matrix and spread on it, a process which is critical for physiological wound healing. Multiple external factors, such as the molecular composition of the environment and its mechanical properties, play a key role in this process and direct its speed and outcome. Methods: We combined live cell imaging, quantitative interference reflection microscopy and cryo-electron tomography to characterize, at a single platelet level, the differential spatiotemporal dynamics of the adhesion process to fibrinogen- and collagen IV-functionalized surfaces. Results: Initially, platelets sense both substrates by transient rapid extensions of filopodia. On collagen IV, a short-term phase of filopodial extension is followed by lamellipodia-based spreading. This transition is preceded by the extension of a single or couple of microtubules into the platelet's periphery and their apparent insertion into the core of the filopodia. On fibrinogen surfaces, the filopodia-to-lamellipodia transition was partial and microtubule extension was not observed leading to limited spreading, which could be restored by manganese or thrombin. Conclusions: Based on these results, we propose that interaction with collagen IV stimulate platelets to extend microtubules to peripheral filopodia, which in turn, enhances filopodial-to-lamellipodial transition and overall lamellipodia-based spreading. Fibrinogen, on the other hand, fails to induce these early microtubule extensions, leading to full lamellipodia spreading in only a fraction of the seeded platelets. We further suggest that activation of integrin αIIbβ3is essential for filopodial-to-lamellipodial transition, based on the capacity of integrin activators to enhance lamellipodia spreading on fibrinogen.