Partial Exchange Research Articles

(114) A Comparative Meta-Analysis of Revision Strategies for Malfunctioning Inflatable Penile Prosthesis: Partial vs Complete Component Replacement With or Without Retained Reservoir

Abstract Introduction In cases of non-infected malfunctioning Inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) device, surgeon often opt to exchange all the device rather than the defective component for fear of increased infection rate and future mechanical dysfunction. Objective To assess whether partial component exchange of IPP device has comparable outcomes to complete explant and replacement of IPP device with or without retained reservoir. Methods A meta-analysis was completed in line with PRISMA 2020 and AMSTAR guidelines. A comprehensive search was done on MEDLINE (OVID), PubMed, and Cochrane Library electronic databases from their inceptions until May 2023, identifying studies that reported on outcomes and complications of revision surgery for non-infected malfunctioning IPP device. Three groups were compared: the first group underwent a single or two-component exchange, the second group had a complete explant replacement of the entire device, and the third group had replacement of all components with a drained and retained primary reservoir. Results A total of 9 articles were included in the analysis. 12,152 patients had complete replacement of their device, 128 had partial exchange of their device and 151 patients had “drained and retained” reservoir following revision. The mean age was similar among the 3 groups between 62–68 years. The median follows up time ranged between 12 and 79 months. Partial component ex change had a higher rate of mechanical failure 10.3% versus 1.3% and 2.3 % (p=0.03) for complete and “drain and retain” groups respectively. (Figure 1) Similarly, partial component exchange had higher peri-operative complications at 21.2% compared to complete replacement group 9.5% and “drain and retain” group 14.5% (p=0.022). However, the infection rate was similar among the three groups, 7.7%, 2.7% and 3.3% respectively (p= 0.301). (Figure 2) Conclusions Partial component exchange during IPP revision has higher rates of perioperative complication and future mechanical failure but has similar rate of infection compared to complete component replacement with or without “drain and retain” of original reservoir. Disclosure No.

(391) A Comparative Meta-analysis of Revision Strategies for Malfunctioning Inflatable Penile Prosthesis: Partial Vs Complete Component Replacement With or Without Retained Reservoir

Abstract Introduction In cases of non-infected malfunctioning Inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) device, surgeon often opt to exchange all the device rather than the defective component for fear of increased infection rate and future mechanical dysfunction. Objective To assess whether partial component exchange of IPP device has comparable outcomes to complete explant and replacement of IPP device with or without retained reservoir. Methods A meta-analysis was completed in line with PRISMA 2020 and AMSTAR guidelines. A comprehensive search was done on MEDLINE (OVID), PubMed, and Cochrane Library electronic databases from their inceptions until May 2023, identifying studies that reported on outcomes and complications of revision surgery for non-infected malfunctioning IPP device. Three groups were compared: the first group underwent a single or two-component exchange, the second group had a complete explant replacement of the entire device, and the third group had replacement of all components with a 'drained and retained' primary reservoir. Results A total of 9 articles were included in the analysis. 12,152 patients had complete replacement of their device, 128 had partial exchange of their device and 151 patients had “drained and retained” reservoir following revision. The mean age was similar among the 3 groups between 62-68 years. The median follow up time ranged between 12 and 79 months. Partial component exchange had a higher rates of mechanical failure 10.3% versus 1.3% and 2.3 % (p=0.03) for complete and “drain and retain” groups respectively. (Figure 1) Similarly, partial component exchange had higher perioperative complications at 21.2% compared to complete replacement group 9.5% and “drain and retain” group 14.5% (p=0.022). However, the infection rate was similar among the three groups, 7.7%, 2.7% and 3.3% respectively (p= 0.301). (Figure 2) Conclusions Partial component exchange during IPP revision has higher rates of perioperative complication and future mechanical failure but has similar rate of infection compared to complete component replacement with or without “drain and retain” of original reservoir. Disclosure No.

Hemodynamics in neonates with polycythemia before and after partial exchange transfusion: an observational study.

The current recommendations for the management of neonatal polycythemia are that partial exchange transfusion (PET) should be performed if the hematocrit is >70% in an asymptomatic neonate, or if the haematocrit is >65% in a symptomatic neonate. The hemodynamic effects of PET for neonatal polycythemia have not been well researched. To evaluate the hemodynamic effects of PET in neonates with polycythemia. Prospective observational study conducted in a neonatal intensive care unit of a tertiary care teaching hospital enrolling 21 neonates with polycythemia who underwent PET. Hemodynamic and echocardiographic parameters were obtained prior to PET and 6 h after procedure. The mean gestational age of neonates with polycythemia was 35.08 ± 2.35 weeks with a mean birth weight of 1,929 ± 819.2 g. There was a significant improvement noted in heart rate and oxygen saturation post PET procedure (p < 0.05). Right ventricular systolic function parameters showed significant improvement (Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, fractional area change, right ventricular output) (p < 0.05). Left ventricular function parameters showed significant improvement (Fractional shortening, left ventricular output, E:A ratio) (p < 0.05). Resolution of symptoms was noted after PET procedure with no adverse events associated with PET. PET maybe effective in improving heart rate and oxygen saturation levels in polycythemic neonates. It has good short-term hemodynamic stability with improvement in right ventricular systolic, as well as left ventricular systolic and diastolic function. It is a safe and effective procedure with minimal adverse effects. Further studies with larger sample size and a control group would be required to corroborate our findings.

Seed-mediated growth synthesis and tunable narrow-band luminescence of quaternary Ag-In-Ga-S alloyed nanocrystals.

Silver-based I-III-VI-type semiconductor nanocrystals have received extensive attention due to their narrow-band luminescence properties. Herein, we demonstrated a seed-mediated growth of quaternary Ag-In-Ga-S (AIGS) nanocrystals (NCs) with narrow-band luminescence. By conducting partial cation exchange with In3+ and Ga3+ based on Ag2S NCs and controlling the Ag/In feeding ratios (0.25 to 2) of Ag-In-S seeds as well as the inventory of 1-dodecanethiol, we achieved optimized luminescence performance in the synthesized AIGS NCs, characterized by a narrow full width at half maximum of less than 40 nm. Meanwhile, narrow-band luminescent AIGS NCs exhibit a tetragonal AgGaS2 crystal structure and a gradient alloy structure, rather than a core-shell structure. Most importantly, the kinetics decay curves of time-resolved photoluminescence and the ground state bleaching in transient absorption generally agree with each other regarding the lifetime of the second decay component, which indicates that the narrow-band luminescence is due to the slow radiative recombination between trapped electrons and trapped holes located at the edge of the conduction band and the deep silver-related trap states (e.g., silver vacancy), respectively. This study provides new insights into the correlation between the narrow-band luminescence properties and the structural characteristics of AIGS NCs.

Utilization of CO2-captured poly(allylamine) as a polymer surfactant for nanoarchitecture production in a closed CO2 cycle

In the closed loop of the CO2 cycle, poly(allylamine) (PAA) captures CO2 as carbonic acid in water and then undergoes partial ion exchange to convert into a polymer surfactant, which self-assembles into nanoarchitectures.

Partial Exchange Transfusion in the Management of a Preterm Neonate with Severe Anaemia from Acute Foetomaternal Haemorrhage: A Case Report

Foetomaternal Haemorrhage (FMH) refers to the passage of foetal blood into the maternal circulation. FMH is rarely diagnosed antenatally as clinical findings are subtle and non specific. Massive FMH is suspected when foetal movements are decreased, and Cardiotocographic (CTG) findings are abnormal with decreased heart rate variability, saw-tooth or a sinusoidal pattern. Massive FMH can lead to foetal demise, stillbirth, hydrops, or the birth of a severely anaemic infant with hypovolaemic shock. A 35-week pregnant woman presented with decreased foetal movements, and an emergency caesarean section was performed due to late deceleration on the cardiotocograph. The baby was very pale at birth and in shock. The Kleihauer-Betke (KB) test performed on the mother’s blood shortly after delivery showed 2.7% foetal red cells, suggesting 135 cc of FMH. The clinical features and outcome of FMH depend on the gestational age, volume, and rapidity of FMH, as well as, whether it is acute or chronic. Packed cell transfusion is recommended, but in babies with severe anaemia and cardiac failure, partial exchange transfusion is performed. The baby was managed with a fluid bolus, inotropic support, respiratory support, and partial exchange transfusion, resulting in a successful outcome. A high index of suspicion enables the obstetrician to undertake diagnostic tests, cordocentesis, plan for intrauterine transfusion or delivery, and alert the neonatal team for a better outcome.

Determinan Ekspor Batu Bara Indonesia Serta Kontribusinya Terhadap Ekspor Pertambangan dan Pendapatan Negara

Study This title “ Determinants of Indonesian Coal Exports and Their Contribution To Export Mining and State Revenue ”. As for objective from study This that is For know development as well as influence price , exchange rate And production rock coals to export stone in Indonesia. Objective next that is analyze contribution sector mining to state income. Method research used _ is analysis quantitative with secondary data in the form of export data new ember , export data mining And income country period 2013-2021 sourced _ from BPS. For analyze influence price , exchange rate to production rock coals use multiple linear regression , whereas For analyze contribution mining export rock coal in Indonesia uses equality Contribution. Results analysis concludes , first export rock coals as well as his contribution to export mining And income country during 2013-2021 period with fluctuating conditions , respectively _ Partial Exchange rate And Production influential significant to coal exports in Indonesia meanwhile in a manner contribution obtained mark more big than 50%, that is sector mining contribute very Good to GDP in Indonesia during period 2013-2021.

Lattice Oxygen Exchange in Transition Metal Oxyhydroxides and Metal Hydroxide Organic Frameworks Elucidated for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction

To achieve the goal of climate neutrality by 2050, it is essential to increase the use of renewable fuels and carbon-neutral energy.1 The anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a key reaction not only in electrocatalytic production of many renewable fuels,2 but also for next generation of charge storage devices such as metal-air batteries.3 However, the slow kinetics of the OER process result in high energy losses and costs.4 Therefore, the development of more efficient electrocatalysts is critical for making renewable energy via electrocatalysis a viable option in emerging energy systems.Transition metal (TM) oxides are a promising alternative to expensive noble metals due to their high catalytic OER activity under alkaline conditions and wider earth-abundance. Despite extensive research, establishing structure-activity correlations and understanding mechanistic processes is challenging, given the intricate interplay between external and intrinsic parameters.In this study, we investigate the role of lattice oxygens in electrodeposited Ni-Fe, Co-Fe, and Mn-Fe oxyhydroxide (M(OH)xOy, M = TM) electrocatalysts using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) in conjunction with secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS). By taking advantage of the Raman shift that results from 16O/18O isotope exchange,5–7 we can track the participation of lattice oxygens in the electrocatalytic cycle. Our investigation reveals that, during OER, all the electrocatalysts display minimal exchange of lattice oxygens with the electrolyte (less than 5%). However, many of these electrocatalysts show partial or complete exchange when exposed to non-catalytic potential when in their more reduced states (see Figure 1).Apart from fully inorganic catalysts, we also present results from Ni-derived metal-hydroxide-organic frameworks (MHOFs), which are analogous to M(OH)xOy catalysts but with organic linkers separating the layers.8 Our findings indicate that MHOFs with linkers that have a high π-π stacking energy (and a high structural stability)8 undergo near complete 16O/18O exchange during OER, while MHOFs employing linkers with a low π-π stacking energy (and thus a low stability) show minor or no lattice exchange during OER.Our study suggests that participation oflattice oxygens is closely linked to the oxidation state of the transition metals rather than to the catalytic process. The work provides a detailed picture of the exchange mechanism and elucidates alternative processes involved in lattice oxygen participation and discusses their relation to the mechanisms of the OER process. References IEA (2023), Energy Technology Perspectives 2023, IEA, Paris https://www.iea.org/reports/energy-technology-perspectives-2023, License: CC BY 4.0.Wei, S. Z. et al. Combining theory and experiment in electrocatalysis: Insights into materials design. Science (80-. ). 355, eaad4998 (2017).Li, Y. & Lu, J. Metal–Air Batteries: Will They Be the Future Electrochemical Energy Storage Device of Choice? ACS Energy Lett. 2, 1370–1377 (2017).Song, F. et al. Transition Metal Oxides as Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Alkaline Solutions: An Application-Inspired Renaissance. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 140, 7748–7759 (2018).Lee, S., Banjac, K., Lingenfelder, M. & Hu, X. Oxygen Isotope Labeling Experiments Reveal Different Reaction Sites for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction on Nickel and Nickel Iron Oxides. Angew. Chemie Int. Ed. 58, 10295–10299 (2019).Moysiadou, A., Lee, S., Hsu, C.-S., Chen, H. M. & Hu, X. Mechanism of Oxygen Evolution Catalyzed by Cobalt Oxyhydroxide: Cobalt Superoxide Species as a Key Intermediate and Dioxygen Release as a Rate-Determining Step. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 142, 11901–11914 (2020).Diaz-Morales, O., Ferrus-Suspedra, D. & Koper, M. T. M. The importance of nickel oxyhydroxide deprotonation on its activity towards electrochemical water oxidation. Chem. Sci. 7, 2639–2645 (2016).Yuan, S. et al. Tunable metal hydroxide–organic frameworks for catalysing oxygen evolution. Nat. Mater. 21, 673–680 (2022). Figure 1

Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Phosphorescence Properties of Trigonal Zn(II) Carbene Complexes.

The sterically demanding N-heterocyclic carbene ITr (N,N'-bis(triphenylmethyl)imidazolylidene) was employed for the preparation of novel trigonal zinc(II) complexes of the type [ZnX2(ITr)] [X = Cl (1), Br (2), and I (3)], for which the low coordination mode was confirmed in both solution and solid state. Because of the atypical coordination geometry, the reactivity of 1-3 was studied in detail using partial or exhaustive halide exchange and halide abstraction reactions to access [ZnLCl(ITr)] [L = carbazolate (4), 3,6-di-tert-butyl-carbazolate (5), phenoxazine (6), and phenothiazine (7)], [Zn(bdt)(ITr)] (bdt = benzene-1,2-dithiolate) (8), and cationic [Zn(μ2-X)(ITr)]2[B(C6F5)4]2 [X = Cl (9), Br (10), and I (11)], all of which were isolated and structurally characterized. Importantly, for all complexes 4-11, the trigonal coordination environment of the ZnII ion is maintained, demonstrating a highly stabilizing effect due to the steric demand of the ITr ligand, which protects the metal center from further ligand association. In addition, complexes 1-3 and 8-11 show long-lived luminescence from triplet excited states in the solid state at room temperature, according to our photophysical studies. Our quantum chemical density functional theory/multireference configuration interaction (DFT/MRCI) calculations reveal that the phosphorescence of 8 originates from a locally excited triplet state on the bdt ligand. They further suggest that the phenyl substituents of ITr are photochemically not innocent but can coordinate to the electron-deficient metal center of this trigonal complex in the excited state.

Preparation of Brönsted-Lewis dual acidic catalyst Ce-HPW-F and its simultaneous catalytic esterification and transesterification of oleic acid and castor oil with methanol to synthesize biodiesel

A series of Brönsted-Lewis dual acidic catalyst Ce(x)-HPW-F(x = 1/3, 2/3, 1, 4/3, x is the molar ratio of Ce to HPW) were synthesized by introducing Ce3+ and F- into 12-tungstophosphoric acid (H3PW12O40, HPW) with Keggin structure. The structure, morphology, valence state, elemental composition, acid site density and type of Ce-HPW-F catalyst were analyzed by FT-IR, XRD, BET, SEM, XPS, NH3-TPD, and Py-IR. The catalytic activities and stabilities of the obtained catalysts were studied in the esterification and transesterification reactions of oleic acid and castor oil (Simulated acidified oil, SAO). The Ce(1/3)-HPW-F has presented optimum catalytic activity. A yield of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) 93.0 % was obtained at the 18:1 methanol to SAO molar ratio, 4 wt% catalyst, 110°C reaction temperature and reaction time of 90 min. The high catalytic activity of Ce(1/3)-HPW-F could be attributed to the strong Brönsted and Lewis acidity. The Lewis acidity was generated from the partial exchange of Ce3+ with the proton (H+) in HPW and increased through the formation of Ce-F bond between the strongly electronegative F- and Ce3+. Meanwhile, in the highly polar medium (methanol), the binding force between O and H+ was reduced due to the negative charge dispersion of the outer oxygen in the phosphotungstic acid anion and the polarization of W=Od formed by the terminal O and W. This may lead to the stepwise dissociation of H+ in HPW that had not been exchanged by Ce3+. However, F- could form the hydrogen bond with H+ to avoid the occurrence of the above phenomenon. After reusing Ce(1/3)-HPW-F catalyst for four times, the total yield of FAME could still achieve more than 75 %.

Partial Red Cell Exchange Is an Effective Tool for Adequately Reducing Hemoglobin S Levels in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease and Improving Patient Outcomes Including Reduction in Acute Care Utilization

Introduction: Red cell exchange (RCE) is a therapeutic procedure that aims to reduce the number of sickle-shaped red blood cells in circulation and replace them with healthy donor cells. The use of red cell exchange in sickle cell disease (SCD) is primarily aimed at preventing or treating acute complications such as acute chest syndrome, stroke or priapism. However, in patients with inadequate disease control and associated frequent hospitalizations requiring parenteral opioids, we have proposed that prophylactic partial RCE (pRCE) be incorporated into the treatment plan. Implementation of pRCE with resulting limitation of parenteral opioid use may potentially reduce hospitalizations and achieve overall better disease control. Use of pRCE for disease control remains limited as it is labor intensive and requires copious amounts of blood which can be challenging especially in this era of COVID19 pandemic blood shortage. For this reason, we have utilized pRCE at our institution. Here we demonstrate that pRCE with four to five units of packed red blood cells (pRBCs) is equally effective in reducing hemoglobin S to levels below 40% and SCD related complications including VOCs and hospitalizations. Methods and Results: In our center, we identified six individuals with frequent hospitalizations and significant daily oral morphine equivalent requirements. These patients were then placed on a monthly pRCE protocol. Patients with variable genotypes were enrolled including HbSS, HbSC and HbSβthal +. Each patient underwent pRCE initially utilizing four units. Hemoglobin S level was closely monitored and if the target level of &amp;lt;40% was not reached with four units, the number was increased to five units. It is important to note that partial exchange was utilized only in patients whose indication for RCE was pain and frequent hospitalizations rather than history of CVA. In addition to pRCE, each patient was placed on a restricted care protocol that comprised of the administration of only home oral opioids during acute care visits. Prior to initiation of both pRCE and restricted care plan, patients were educated at length and during frequent clinic visits regarding the difference between chronic pain management and acute vaso-occlusive crisis. As shown in Figure 1, partial exchange leads to adequate reduction of hemoglobin S levels immediately post exchange that remains suppressed over the four-week period to predominately below 40 percent. This reduction in hemoglobin S levels results in patient-reported improved sense of well-being and compliance with restricted care plans to limit acute care utilization and move SCD care to the outpatient setting. In fact, we saw a dramatic reduction in hospitalization among patients with sickle cell disease regardless of genotype, age and gender. As shown in Figure 2, for each patient placed on restricted care plan, acute care utilization was reduced compared to each patient's previous year's monthly admission rates. Conclusion: Prolonged uncontrolled SCD with frequent VOCs will undoubtedly result in high acute care utilization, high opioid requirements and risk of development of chronic pain with subsequent opioid induced hyperalgesia and opioid failure. Partial red cell exchange is an effective tool for addressing sickle cell disease complications and improving patient outcomes, particularly in patients with least disease control and highest acute care utilization.

In situ co-crystallization synthesis of the direct Z-scheme Bi5O7I/Bi2SiO5 heterojunction for enhanced photocatalytic rhodamine B and ciprofloxacin degradation

Semiconductor photocatalysis has driven considerable interests for its desirable potential to tackle the worldwide energy shortage and environmental pollution. In this paper, a novel Bi5O7I/Bi2SiO5 Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst was in situ synthesized via a co-crystallization process and partial anion exchange strategy. The XRD and FT-IR pattern validated the successful preparation of the heterojunction. The optimal Bi5O7I/Bi2SiO5 heterojunction displayed an excellent photocatalytic activity towards the ciprofloxacin under the simulated solar light, and the rate constant (0.46021 h−1) was 2 and 7.8 times higher than that of pure BiOI (0.22967 h−1) and Bi2SiO5 (0.05877 h−1). Similarly, the degradation efficiency on rhodamine B (RhB) reached 94%, which was much higher than that of the single photocatalysis. The enhanced photocatalytic performance of the heterojunction photocatalyst could be attributed to the formation of the direct Z-scheme heterojunction between the Bi5O7I and Bi2SiO5, which was favorable for retarding the recombination of photoinduced electron-hole pairs. Moreover, the bacteriostatic activity testing illustrated the toxicity of drug solutions decreased sharply after the photocatalytic degradation with the Bi5O7I/Bi2SiO5-3. The ESR characterization analysis and the free radical trapping experiments synergistically determined the Z-scheme electron transfer path of the heterojunction. The possible photocatalytic mechanism of Bi5O7I/Bi2SiO5 heterojunction was proposed. Overall, the well-designed Bi5O7I/Bi2SiO5 heterojunction depicted great practical promise in efficient treatment of organic pollutants.

Thermodynamic and environmental analysis of an auto-thermal supercritical water gasification system for ammonia and power production from chicken manure

Supercritical water gasification (SCWG) technology, a clean and efficient method for organic waste treatment, has considerable application prospects in the background of carbon emission reduction. In this study, an auto-thermal SCWG system of chicken manure for NH3 and power production was proposed for recycling waste resources. Thermodynamic analysis and environmental impact assessment were conducted under different operational conditions. The system exhibited optimal energy, exergy, and cold gas efficiencies of 62.34 %, 53.75 %, and 57.75 %, while simultaneously generating 3372.11 kg/h of NH3 and 1677.1 kW of net power, all within processing 10 t/h of dry chicken manure. The global warming potential of this system was only 3.31 kg CO2-eq/kg NH3 with carbon capture and storage. The sensitivity analysis indicated that the moderate increase in gasification temperature, higher feedstock concentration, appropriate preheated water flow, and suitable feedstock distribution ratio collectively enhanced system performance by mitigating exergy destruction in the partial oxidation and heat exchange process. By converting waste heat into electrical energy rather than industrial steam, the Organic Rankine Cycle system enhances the practical viability of waste heat recovery. This work expects to provide essential theoretical guidance for the scale-up and design of the biomass waste SCWG system.

Microemboli on Transcranial Doppler in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease: A Single Center Case Series

Background: Stroke remains a major cause of morbidity in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). Current guidelines recommend that patients with Hemoglobin SS and Hemoglobin S beta zero thalassemia have annual transcranial doppler (TCD) screening and that patients with abnormal velocities should have regular blood transfusions to maintain a maximum HbS level &amp;lt;30% and maintain a hemoglobin level &amp;gt;9 g/dL for at least one year to decrease risk of stroke (DeBaun et al., 2020). While research has shown that patients with velocities &amp;gt;200cm/sec are at increased risk of cerebral infarct, there is no literature to discuss the follow up and management of patients with microemboli on TCD. In the past microemoli were unable to be detected, however TCD is now able to detect such findings (Wan et al., 2022). Studies have been completed on patients with ischemic stroke without SCD and have shown that the presence of microemboli on TCD is associated with a higher rate of recurrence (Das et al., 2020). The presence of emboli has also been shown to recognize patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis and increased risk for stroke (Markus et al., 2010). Although noted in the general population, the significance of such a finding on an annual TCD screening in patients with sickle cell disease is unknown. Methods:At the Medical University of South Carolina, we performed a retrospective review of all patients with SCD who have had TCDs from 2017 to February 2023 and were found to have microemboli to evaluate management and outcome. Results: We have had 5 patients with an incidental finding of microemboli on their annual TCD since 2017. Three were male with median age of 3 (range 2 to 15 years). Four individuals are HbSS genotype. Mean hemoglobin at the time of TCD was 8.26 ± 1.4 g/dL. TCD velocity was normal in four patients at the time of the TCD, while the remaining individual had a low conditional TCD. Two have a previous history of conditional or abnormal TCDs. The location of the microemboli was variable among patients (Table 1). At the time of microemboli findings on TCD, discussions were held with family regarding options for treatment including chronic partial exchange transfusions and optimization of other disease modifying therapies. Management of all patients included MRI at the time of microemboli, which was normal in only two patients. Three patients were started on chronic manual exchange transfusions for 10 months to 3 years. One out of the 3 continued home HU while receiving transfusions while the remainder were transitioned to HU once chronic transfusions were complete. One patient was not started on chronic transfusions but monitored closely with TCDs due to family choice. On follow up, 4 have had repeat TCDs and all have normalized without any subsequent episodes of microemboli. One patient was found to have silent infarct on MRI at time of TCD and 1 has had follow up MRI 4 years after original TCD with a new silent infarct. Of note, this patient had inconsistent follow up with chronic transfusions after initial abnormal TCD. Importantly, none of our 5 patients had an acute symptomatic ischemic event since the microemboli were noted. Overall, among these patients, 2 have had concern for silent infarct and 3 of 5 started on chronic transfusions (Table 1). Conclusion: This is the first report within the literature of microemboli on annual TCD screening in patients with SCD. As this is a new phenomenon, the significance within the disease course is not known for those with sickle cell disease. Identifying patients with microemboli has been used to help navigate the need for early intervention to prevent stroke. Given that individuals with SCD are already at an increased risk for cerebrovascular events, these findings of microemboli could indicate further risk in these individuals as well and deserve further investigation. Further research is warranted as the significance of such a finding is unknown and further understanding could impact the standard of care of this patient population.

Thermally Induced Domain Migration and Interfacial Restructuring in Cation Exchanged ZnS-Cu1.8S Heterostructured Nanorods.

Partial cation exchange reactions can be used to rationally design and synthesize heterostructured nanoparticles that are useful targets for applications in photocatalysis, nanophotonics, thermoelectrics, and medicine. Such reactions introduce intraparticle frameworks that define the spatial arrangements of different materials within a heterostructured nanoparticle, as well as the orientations and locations of their interfaces. Here, we show that upon heating to temperatures relevant to their synthesis and applications, the ZnS regions and Cu1.8S/ZnS interfaces of heterostructured ZnS-Cu1.8S nanorods migrate and restructure. We first use partial cation exchange reactions to synthesize a library of seven distinct samples containing various patches, bands, and tips of ZnS embedded within Cu1.8S nanorods. Upon annealing in solution or in air, ex situ TEM analysis shows evidence that the ZnS domains migrate in different ways, depending upon their sizes and locations. Using differential scanning calorimetry, we correlate the threshold temperature for ZnS migration to the superionic transition temperature of Cu1.8S, which facilitates rapid diffusion throughout the nanorods. We then use in situ thermal TEM to study the evolution of individual ZnS-Cu1.8S nanorods upon heating. We find that ZnS domain migration occurs through a ripening process that minimizes small patches with higher-energy interfaces in favor of larger bands and tips having lower-energy interfaces, as well as through restructuring of higher-energy Cu1.8S/ZnS interfaces. Notably, Cu1.8S nanorods containing multiple patches of ZnS thermally transform into ZnS-Cu1.8S heterostructured nanorods having ZnS tips and/or central bands, which provides mechanistic insights into how these commonly observed products form during synthesis.

Minimum Free-Energy Shapes of Ag Nanocrystals: Vacuum vs Solution.

We use two variants of replica-exchange molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, parallel tempering MD and partial replica exchange MD, to probe the minimum free-energy shapes of Ag nanocrystals containing 100-200 atoms in a vacuum, ethylene glycol (EG) solvent, and EG solvent with a PVP polymer containing 100 repeat units. Our simulations reveal a shape intermediate between a Dh and an Ih, a Dh-Ih, that has distinct structural signatures and magic sizes. We find several prominent features associated with entropy: pure FCC nanocrystals are less common than FCC crystals containing stacking faults, and crystals with the minimum potential energy are not always preferred over the range of relevant temperatures. The shapes of the nanocrystals in solution are influenced by the chemical identities of the solution-phase molecules. Comparing Ag nanocrystal shapes in EG to those in an EG+PVP solution, we find more icosahedra in EG and more decahedra in EG+PVP across all of the nanocrystal sizes probed in this study. At certain critical sizes, nanocrystal shapes can change dramatically with the addition and removal of a single atom or with a change in temperature at a fixed size. The information in our study could be useful in efforts to devise processing routes to achieve selective nanocrystal shapes.

CO2 fluxes at the water-atmosphere interface in fluvial environments: an overview of studies in Brazilian rivers

Recent advances in Brazilian scientific production on CO2 fluxes at the water-atmosphere interface in rivers were reviewed, including estimates of CO2 partial pressure and fluxes. A total of 17 studies were reviewed. We compiled information regarding the location studied, the methodology used by each author, and the values of CO2 partial pressure (pCO2), CO2 fluxes (FCO2), and gas exchange coefficient (k) found in each region. The results were spatialized and synthesized. The important role of fluxes in CO2 degassing and their influence on climate change, as well as the global lack of data on these environments, were the main motivations for this study. The information was scarce, and most studies are focused on the Amazon Basin. However, high-resolution mapping of CO2 fluxes, at the scale of micro basins and streams, proved to be scarce. We emphasize, therefore, the importance of further studies in the country including other hydrographic regions, and in high resolution. These studies would add to our knowledge of how natural and anthropic processes influence CO2 flux, in addition to providing better estimates in tropical river systems.&#x0D; Keywords: climate change, CO2 emission, CO2 partial pressure.

EDST: a decision stump based ensemble algorithm for synergistic drug combination prediction

IntroductionThere are countless possibilities for drug combinations, which makes it expensive and time-consuming to rely solely on clinical trials to determine the effects of each possible drug combination. In order to screen out the most effective drug combinations more quickly, scholars began to apply machine learning to drug combination prediction. However, most of them are of low interpretability. Consequently, even though they can sometimes produce high prediction accuracy, experts in the medical and biological fields can still not fully rely on their judgments because of the lack of knowledge about the decision-making process.Related workDecision trees and their ensemble algorithms are considered to be suitable methods for pharmaceutical applications due to their excellent performance and good interpretability. We review existing decision trees or decision tree ensemble algorithms in the medical field and point out their shortcomings.MethodThis study proposes a decision stump (DS)-based solution to extract interpretable knowledge from data sets. In this method, a set of DSs is first generated to selectively form a decision tree (DST). Different from the traditional decision tree, our algorithm not only enables a partial exchange of information between base classifiers by introducing a stump exchange method but also uses a modified Gini index to evaluate stump performance so that the generation of each node is evaluated by a global view to maintain high generalization ability. Furthermore, these trees are combined to construct an ensemble of DST (EDST).ExperimentThe two-drug combination data sets are collected from two cell lines with three classes (additive, antagonistic and synergistic effects) to test our method. Experimental results show that both our DST and EDST perform better than other methods. Besides, the rules generated by our methods are more compact and more accurate than other rule-based algorithms. Finally, we also analyze the extracted knowledge by the model in the field of bioinformatics.ConclusionThe novel decision tree ensemble model can effectively predict the effect of drug combination datasets and easily obtain the decision-making process.

Facile surface-controlled synthesis of phytic acid-facilitated calcium carbonate composites for highly efficient ferric ion adsorption and recovery from rust

This work presents a simple synthesis of calcium carbonate (CaCO3)-based composites designed for the efficient adsorption of ferric ions (Fe3+) from solution, and specifically applied for Fe3+ recovery from rust. The strategy involves coordinating phytic acid (PA) with calcium ions (Ca2+) and coprecipitation with carbonate ions (CO32−) at room temperature to form phytate-CaCO3 (Ph-CC) composites. The obtained composites exhibited a robust mesoporous crystal structure with numerous phosphate groups of phytate functionalized on CaCO3 microparticles. The surface properties of the composites were optimized by adjusting the molar ratio (x) of PA:Ca2+ in synthesis. The Ph-CC0.10 composite (x = 0.10), with the highest specific surface area (99.56 m2/g), demonstrated exceptional Fe3+ adsorption (>99% efficiency in 80 min). The adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order and Langmuir isotherm models, indicating monolayer coverage. Impressively, the maximum adsorption capacity reached 1385.85 mg/g, surpassing that of previously reported adsorbents. Thermodynamic studies confirmed a spontaneous and exothermic adsorption process. The superior Fe3+ adsorption of the composite was attributed to electrostatic and chelation interactions, with partial ion exchange. Furthermore, the Ph-CC0.10 composite effectively captured Fe3+ from rust dissolution in an acidic solution (pH 3) under sonication at 35 kHz for 60 min. These results highlight the potential use of the developed composites in mitigating environmental pollution and transforming waste materials into valuable sources. Therefore, Ph-CC composites are promising alternatives for wastewater treatment and metallurgical applications.

Stock Price Breakdown by Inflation, Account Turnover, and Interest Rates: A Case Study of Companies Listed on the LQ45 Index

­Objective: The purpose of this study is to analyze stock inflation, rupiah stock price, and stock price interest rate and finally analyze the effect of inflation, rupiah price, and interest rate together. Theoretical framework: Recent literature has reported the annual results of companies that use a data analysis technique is panel data regression. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that in some cases inflation, exchange rates, and interest rates have a significant effect on stock prices. Although both impact the stock price simultaneously and the adjusted R-squared value of 88.93 n is 11.07%, this is influenced by other factors not considered in this study. Design/Methodology/Approach: This type of quantitative descriptive research uses a purposive sampling method from a sample of LQ45 companies consisting of 45 companies, resulting in 225 observations for each variable. Findings: The results of research that have been conducted found that partial inflation, exchange rates, and interest rates have a significant and significant effect on stock prices, both have an influence on stock prices and have an R Square value adjustment of 88.93% and 11.07% influenced by other factors that are not in this study. Research, practical &amp; implications social: The study's recommendations are aimed at companies and other researchers. It is expected that the company will produce material that increases knowledge and understanding of stock prices so that management can plan mechanisms to run company operations well. At the same time, researchers are further expected to be able to add other variables that can affect stock prices, using the same or different methods, as well as add different populations and samples to arrive at conclusions that support previously established theories and concepts and reinforce them. Originality/Value: Based on the analysis presented, the author can conclude the following: 1) The first hypothesis is proven, namely that inflation has a positive and significant effect on the stock price of LQ45 companies. 2) Another hypothesis is also proven, namely that the exchange rate has a positive and significant effect on the share price of the LQ45 company. 3) The latter hypothesis also suggests that interest rates have a positive and significant influence on the share price of LQ45 companies. All variables have a positive and significant influence simultaneously.