Partial Anodontia Research Articles

"Maxillary lateral incisor partial anodontia sequence": a clinical entity with epigenetic origin.

ABSTRACTThe relationship between maxillary lateral incisor anodontia and the palatal displacement of unerupted maxillary canines cannot be considered as a multiple tooth abnormality with defined genetic etiology in order to be regarded as a “syndrome”. Neither were the involved genes identified and located in the human genome, nor was it presumed on which chromosome the responsible gene would be located. The palatal maxillary canine displacement in cases of partial anodontia of the maxillary lateral incisor is potentially associated with environmental changes caused by its absence in its place of formation and eruption, which would characterize an epigenetic etiology. The lack of the maxillary lateral incisor in the canine region means removing one of the reference guides for the eruptive trajectory of the maxillary canine, which would therefore, not erupt and /or impact on the palate. Consequently, and in sequence, it would lead to malocclusion, maxillary atresia, transposition, prolonged retention of the deciduous canine and resorption in the neighboring teeth. Thus, we can say that we are dealing with a set of anomalies and multiple sequential changes known as sequential development anomalies or, simply, sequence. Once the epigenetics and sequential condition is accepted for this clinical picture, it could be called “Maxillary Lateral Incisor Partial Anodontia Sequence.”

Bilateral fusion of mandibular primary teeth with partial anodontia of permanent teeth: A report of a rare case

Fusion is a developmental anomaly of shape of the tooth seen in developing primary or permanent teeth. Etiology is not exactly known, but the physical pressure or force generated during growth causes contact and fusion between adjacent tooth buds. The genetic foundation for the anomaly is possibly autosomal dominant with reduced penetrance. The bilateral type of fusion in the primary dentition is very rare and is usually 0.02%. Till now, only 18 cases have been previously reported in dental literature since 1940, and in the Indian population, only few cases have been reported. In bilateral fusion of primary lateral incisor and canine, 75% chance of lacking the succedaneous lateral incisors have been reported. The anomalies of the permanent dentition are strongly associated with anomalies in the primary dentition. The potential clinical problems associated with fusion require orthodontic, prosthetic, cosmetic, and periodontal intervention also. Thus, to establish a right treatment to this anomaly, the early proper examination and knowledge to recognize the anomalies associated between primary teeth and permanent teeth is a prerequisite.

DENTAL MANAGEMENT OF ECTODERMAL DYSPLASIA: A CASE REPORT

A variety of syndromes/disorders (genetic/acquired) are encountered in our day-to-day life. Among them, ectodermal dysplasia is a rare syndrome which is transmitted as x-linked recessive/dominant disorder and is known to majorly affect males as compared to females. Clinically, it is observed that there is presence of partial or complete anodontia with conical teeth along with maxillary retrusion, prominent supraorbital ridges or frontal bossing, fine and blond, scanty hair (resembling lanuogo), deformed or absent nails, facial physiognomy (fairy-like face) and reduced sweating. Early diagnosis remains the key for the management of ectodermal dysplasia. Since patient suffers from unpleasant appearance (due to partial or complete anodontia); hence, dental management includes replacement of teeth by either fixed/removable partial or complete dentures /implant- supported dentures. We present a case of ectodermal dysplasia with features of oligodontia, severely deficient alveolar processes and maxillary retrusion which was managed with tooth-supported complete overdentures. Keywords: Anodontia, Dentures, Ectodermal Dysplasia, Hidrotic, Oligodontia

Prosthetic rehabilitation of a patient with ectodermal Dysplasia – A case report

Ectodermal dysplasia is a group of inherited conditions in which two or more ectodermally derived anatomical structures fail to develop. Ectodermal dysplasia leads to anodontia and hypodontia. Oligodontia or total anodontia results in loss of function like chewing, speech and affects the appearance of the patient. Prosthodontic management can be completed with removable, fixed, overdenture, or implant-retained prostheses. Early dental treatment can improve the appearance of the patient, which leads to less emotional and psychological problems to the patient. For rehabilitation, it is important to know the age, number and condition of present teeth, and the status of growth of the patient. A 17-year-old male patient who was reported the prosthodonic department was treated by conventional maxillary denture and mandibular removable partial denture. Keywords: Complete denture, Partial denture, Partial anodontia

Fragile X syndrome: panoramic radiographic evaluation of dental anomalies, dental mineralization stage, and mandibular angle.

ABSTRACTFragile X syndrome (FXS) is a disorder linked to the chromosome X long arm (Xq27.3), which is identified by a constriction named fragile site. It determines various changes, such as behavioral or emotional problems, learning difficulties, and intellectual disabilities. Craniofacial abnormalities such as elongated and narrow face, prominent forehead, broad nose, large and prominent ear pavilions, strabismus, and myopia are frequent characteristics. Regarding the oral aspects, deep and high-arched palate, mandibular prognathism, and malocclusion are also observed.Objective:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dental radiographic characteristics as described in 40 records of patients with panoramic radiography.Material and Methods:The patients were in the range of 6–17 years old, and were divided into two groups (20 subjects who were compatible with the normality standard and 20 individuals diagnosed with the FXS), which were matched for gender and age. Analysis of the panoramic radiographic examination involved the evaluation of dental mineralization stage, mandibular angle size, and presence of dental anomalies in both deciduous and permanent dentitions.Results:The results of radiographic evaluation demonstrated that the chronology of tooth eruption of all third and second lower molars is anticipated in individuals with FXS (p<0.05). In this group, supernumerary deciduous teeth (2.83%), giroversion of permanent teeth (2.31%), and partial anodontia (1.82%) were the most frequent dental anomalies. In addition, an increase was observed in the mandibular angle size in the FXS group (p<0.05).Conclusion:We conclude that knowledge of dental radiographic changes is of great importance for dental surgeons to plan the treatment of these individuals.

Ectrodactyly and oligodontia a rare association

A 29-year-old male patient reported with diastemata in the maxillary and mandibular arches since childhood. On general physical examination, a cleft was seen in place of the middle finger which was missing on both right and left hand. On intra-oral examination, multiple teeth were missing. Further, the orthopantomograph and the wrist radiograph revealed multiple missing teeth with the absence of a middle finger. There are many syndromes associated with partial anodontia and ectrodactyly, but the isolated occurrence of these two entities is not reported in the literature. Here, we present a case of a rare association of ectrodactyly and partial anodontia.

A Unique Approach to Retain Dentures in a Patient with Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia

Ectodermal dysplasia is a large complex group of disorders resulting in abnormal development of two or more ectodermal structures. Oral manifestations include partial or complete anodontia and poor bony bases affecting aesthetics and function. Dental management in such patients is difficult and requires intervention throughout the growth period of the patient, until a definitive treatment is rendered. This case report describes the prosthetic rehabilitation of a young patient with total anodontia, which is a rare event in contrast to partial anodontia. A unique approach was devised to improve the retention and stability of compromised ridges. Conventional dentures were delivered to the patient with like-pole magnets incorporated in the occlusal surface of posterior denture teeth of upper and lower denture facing correspondingly which resulted in repulsive force. This enhanced retention and stability of the dentures.

Concomitant supernumerary tooth with partial anodontia in the mandibular anterior region: A nonsyndromic rare condition

Partial anodontia is the failure of one or more teeth to develop. It is quite common in the permanent dentition. The third molars, mandibular second premolars, and maxillary lateral incisors are the most common teeth to be congenitally missing. However, it is rare in the mandibular arch. A combined occurrence of a supernumerary tooth with hypodontia is still rarer, especially when it occurs in the same dental arch and in a nonsyndromic situation. Only a few cases of this condition have been reported in the dental literature. The case reported here describes one such rare occurrence.

Multidisciplinary approach in the management of ectodermal dysplasia: A case report

Ectodermal dysplasias are rare hereditary disorders characterized by abnormal development of certain tissues and structures of ectodermal origin. The condition is of importance to dentists as it affects the teeth resulting in hypodontia or anodontia, and a dentist plays an important role in the rehabilitation of the patient. Apart from having difficulties in eating and speaking, young affected individuals can also feel that they look different from their contemporaries resulting in low self-esteem. Well-fitting and functioning prosthesis could be a great help during their schooling years, as it will improve appearance and thus boost their self-confidence. We report a case of hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia in a 12-year-old girl who exhibited partial anodontia, and a multidisciplinary approach comprising restorative, orthodontic, surgical, and prosthetic treatment was planned to rehabilitate the girl.The aim of the treatment was to improve psychological development apart from promoting better functioning of the stomatognathic system.

Prosthodontic rehabilitation of a pediatric patient affected with anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia: A rare case report

Ectodermal dysplasia (ED) is a hereditary disease characterized by congenital dysplasia of one or more ectodermal structures and other accessory appendages. The oral manifestations are anodontia and poor bony foundation which impairs both esthetic as well as masticatory function. The prosthodontic management of patients with such dysplastic condition necessitates a multidisciplinary approach. The strong, flexible nature of flexible denture material is perfectly suited to the variety of natural conditions in the mouth, simplifying design and enabling the flexible nylon resin to act as a built-in stress-breaker that provides superior function and stress distribution. Flexible partial dentures certainly offer advantages over conventional partials by way of superior esthetics, better function, durable material, and longevity of the prosthesis. This case report describes the prosthodontic oral rehabilitation of a 14-year-old female pediatric patient with anhidrotic ED using resin flexible prosthesis (Valplast). Clinical Relevance to Interdisciplinary Dentistry A multidisciplinary approach comprising restorative, prosthetic, and periodontal treatment was done to achieve a satisfactory result. The treatment led to significant improvements in appearance, speech, and masticatory function The focus is on the interdisciplinary management of a patient with complex restorative needs An integrated approach that addresses both skeletal and dental issues can provide superior results. In this case, restorative goals guided the overall treatment plan, requiring the integration of restorative services at several stages of care, which involved a team of pedodontist, prosthodontist, and periodontist Although implants are the ideal choice for partial anodontia, this case was treated in a conservative and minimally invasive method. Eventually the patient was satisfied with the prosthesis as function was re-established and esthetics was not compromised. Long-term success depends on regular recall appointments and meticulous maintenance of oral and prosthetic hygiene.

Fusion of Primary Mandibular Anterior Teeth Associated with Partial Anodontia of Primary and Permanent Dentition: A Case Report

Fusion is a developmental anomaly of the teeth. It is defined as the union of two independently developing primary or permanent teeth. Aberrations in morpho differentiation stage of tooth development lead to abnormal forms and sizes of teeth. This paper reports a rare case which had the presence of fused primary incisors in the right mandibular region along with agenesis of primary and permanent mandibular left lateral incisor.

Prosthetic Rehabilitation of A 3 Year Old Child With Ectodermal Dysplasia – A Case Report

AbstractEctodermal dysplasia are rare hereditary disorders characterized by abnormal development of certain tissues and structures of ectodermal origin. Children affected need multidisciplinary approach and a removable prosthesis is recommended in initial years of life to prevent bone resorption, improve esthetics, mastication and speech apart from boosting self image. Implants are recommended only once the growth is complete. This case reports hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia with partial anodontia in a 3 year old child, rehabilitated with partial denture in maxillary and complete denture in mandibular arch.

Ectodermal dysplasia and partial anodontia: A case report

Ectodermal dysplasia is a hereditary disorder that occurs as a consequence of disturbances in the ectoderm of the developing embryo. It is usually accompanied by lack of sweat glands and a partial or complete absence of primary and/or permanent dentition. A case report illustrating the prosthetic rehabilitation of a young woman with anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia associated with partial anodontia and mid facial defect are presented. Since the oral rehabilitation of these cases is often difficult; treatment should be administered by a multidisciplinary team involving orthodontics, prosthodontics and oral-maxillofacial surgery. Keywords: Ectodermal dysplasia; hereditary disorder; anodontia

Radicular Cysts and limbal dermoid in Treacher Collins syndrome

Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS, OMIM 154500) [1] is a rare autosomal dominant disorder of the craniofacial region and structures derived from first and second branchial arches such as the ears, eyelids, maxilla and mandible are affected in this syndrome. An 18 year old female presented with the dysmorphic features of the face, partial anodontia, macroglossia, malocclusion, cleft palate, coloboma, limbal dermoid, deformity of the pinna, partial hearing loss (absence of right ear canal), malar hypoplasia and radicular cyst in the left body of mandible as well as in the maxillary posterior region. In this case, though radicular cysts are incidental findings, the limbal dermoid reported here is a rare manifestation in TCS.

A rare occurrence of non-syndromic hypo-hyperdontia in the mandibular anterior region.

A rare occurrence of non-syndromic hypo-hyperdontia in the mandibular anterior region.

Bilateral Mandibular Fusion in Primary Dentition with Partial Anodontia of Permanent Dentition - A Case Report

The rare developmental anomaly of fusion in primary dentition has very little documentation in Indian population. A rare case of bilateral fusion between primary mandibular lateral incisors and canines and partial anodontia of permanent dentition is presented in this report. Such rare cases should be carefully evaluated to diagnose any associated pathology.

Ectodermal dysplasia – A cephalometric appraisal

Ectodermal dysplasia (ED) is a rare genetic disturbance affecting the tissues of ectodermal origin with mutation carried by X chromosome with partial expression in females and major manifestation in male sex. It often presents problems of partial or total anodontia of one or both the series of dentition. Absence of complete dentition is rare.During a time span of 10 years, 4 cases (3 females & 1 male) affected with ectodermal dysplasia have been reported. Female subjects showed varying degree of anodontia while the male suffered from complete absence of both primary and permanent dentition.It is interesting to note a higher ratio of affected females, 3 females against 1 male. Females of course exhibited slight lesser manifestation of ED than observed in male. This is in agreement with phenomena of doses compensation of Lyons Hypothesis.Cephalometric angular and linear measurements revealed that ED subjects exhibit tendency for mild mandibular prognathism in the females. Linear dimension exhibit lesser dimensions with tendency to retruded maxilla and significant reduction in lower facial height due to hypodontia and absence or poor development of alveolar ridges. It is also interesting to note that only reported female members of their families were affected by ED and none of the parents or other members of their families were affected.

Clinical Recordkeeping for Monitoring Treatment Outcomes in Implant Dentistry: A Case Study

Sound clinical practice in implant dentistry depends upon defining the methodology that can successfully be used. This can be achieved by identifying literature relating to a specific technique prior to its use. However, clinical observations of outcomes within one's own practice are also very effective. This is particularly true as it becomes specific, by eliminating numerous confounding factors. Appropriate documentation, both clinical and radiographic, permits the practitioner to review clinical cases and establish the efficacy of the methodology used. This is most effective in terms of evaluating survival as well as determining aesthetic and functional outcomes. Software programs such as ImpDAT (Kea Software, Poecking, Germany) provide a platform that easily allows both accurate record-keeping and, importantly, retrieval of data for purposes of review and publication. This paper presents a case report that uses radiographic and photographic records to monitor the ongoing response of the patient to the specific treatment that was carried out; in this case, autogenous onlay bone grafts for the management of congenital partial anodontia.

Oral rehabilitation with implant-supported overdenture (ISO) in four children with ectodermal dysplasia

Ectodermal Dysplasias (ED) are a heterogeneous group of inherited disorders characterized by dysplasia of tissues of ectodermal origin. Complete or partial anodontia are the most frequent dental findings. Prosthetic rehabilitation is recommended from functional, esthetic, and psychological points of view. Because of the anatomical abnormalities of existing teeth and alveolar ridges, conventional prosthetic rehabilitation in young patient is often difficult.

Prevalence of Talon cusp in Indian population.

Aim: To investigate the prevalence of the talon cusps in a sample of Indian dental patients and their distribution among different types of teeth. To determine the presence of other dental anomalies associated with the talon cusps. Method: 2740 out patients (1523 males and 1217 females) attending Oral Medicine department from November 2010 to January 2011 were screened for the presence of talon cusps and were subjected to Intra Oral Peri-apical (IOPA) radiograph to rule out any associated anomalies or peri-apical changes. Results: Talon cusps were detected in 16 out of 2740 patients (person prevalence 0.58%). Thirty one teeth were found to have talon cusp. Maxillary lateral incisors were the most commonly affected teeth (54.8%, 17 teeth), followed by maxillary central incisors and canines (16.12%, 5 teeth).Talon cusp was found in two mandibular central incisors (6.45%) and one each in mandibular second and third molar (3.22% each). Seventeen teeth in 7 patients (54.83%) were found to be associated with anomalies like dens invagination (6 teeth, 19.35%), impacted 13, 23 (6 teeth, 19.35%), partial anodontia (3 teeth, 9.67%), geographic and fissured tongue (2 teeth, 6.45%). Peri-apical granuloma was found in one tooth with talon cusp associated with dens invaginatus. None of the patients were found to be associated with any syndromes. Conclusion: Attention should be paid to the presence of the talon cusp and the associated anomalies. Early diagnosis of the talon cusp can help the clinician in preventing the further complications. Key words:Orthopantomography, atheroma, stroke.