Part-time Graduate Students Research Articles

Survey and Suggestions on the Educational and Research Environment of Graduate Students of Korean Medicine: Focusing on fostering of KMD-scientist

Objectives: The role of physician-scientists who bridge the gap between basic science and clinical medicine is crucial in advancing medical innovation. This study aims to examine the educational and research environment and career satisfaction of graduate students in Korean Medicine among those who are Korean medicine doctor (KMD).Methods: This study analyzed the results of a survey consisting of respondents’ composition, job status, graduate education and job satisfaction, economic conditions, career determinants, and obstacles to the career path of KMD-scientists from 65 participants including both full-time and part-time graduate students.Results: The results revealed significant differences between full-time and part-time graduate students in terms of weekly hours spent and job priorities, motivation for entering graduate school, career preferences, and desired career paths. The study highlights the need for tailored support for full-time and part-time graduate students and the importance of economic assistance in fostering KM scientists. Economic difficulties were identified as a major obstacle for full-time graduate students pursuing research careers. Tuition fees were found to be a significant burden for all graduate students. Furthermore, it emphasizes the importance of enhancing the research capabilities of part-time graduate students and improving the quality of education to foster KMD-scientists.Conclusion: This research provides essential insights for Korean Medicine colleges and graduate schools to develop targeted improvement plans and effectively train KMD-scientist.

Influence Factors and Countermeasures of the Training Quality of Part time Postgraduates

Part time graduate students are an important way and means to cultivate high-level talents. There are contradictions between student work and learning, difficulties in selecting topics and writing papers in the training process, which are important factors affecting the training quality. Combined with the current situation and problems in the training process of part-time graduate students, the countermeasures are discussed respectively from the aspects of strengthening the characteristic development of the training program, strengthening the whole process supervision of the training process, strengthening the online and offline integration of teaching, strengthening the in-depth implementation of the “double tutor system", strengthening the construction of the academic discussion atmosphere, and strengthening the construction of the teaching team, in order to improve the training efficiency and quality of graduate students.

Digital Competencies in the Context of Preschool Music Education

Given the digitalization of modern society and the way a child acquires musical experiences, practitioners are expected to apply various media in everyday educational praxis. The theoretical framework of technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) is an approach that connects the knowledge of educators with Information and Communications Technology (ICT), concurrently developing technology-supported pedagogical knowledge and integration of technology into education. The paper aims to investigate educators’ self-assessment of their digital competencies and their implementation in musical activities with preschool children. The respondents are full-time and part-time graduate students of the Early Childhood and Preschool Education study program from faculties of teacher education in Croatia. The obtained results indicate that 91,1 % of respondents didn’t have any formal ICT education while 59,5 % didn’t have any additional type of music education except during their studies. Nevertheless, the greatest knowledge participants have shown on the competencies for using digital tools (CFUDT) scale succeeded by a technological knowledge (TK) scale of the adapted TPACK-TCCMA survey, thus the respondents rated their digital and ICT competencies exceedingly high unlike music and pedagogical competencies. Considering the results obtained, it can be concluded that additional attention should be given to the development of digital, music, and pedagogical competencies during studies that will be applicable in both music and other areas of education.

Mplications and Lessons Learned from COVID-19 Crisis to Marketing field: Experience from Tanzania Universities’ Students

This is a survey article sharing experiences from COVID-19 crisis in developing country like Tanzania. COVID-19 crisis in Tanzania was announced early this year. Since then the government and people of Tanzania have been trying on fighting the pandemic. Tanzania decided not to take the common way of lock downs like most countries in order to contain the spread of the disease. The government urged people to take precautions while continue working. One of the precautions was closing universities. Now this article is putting forward the implications and lessons learned from COVID-19 by marketing students after closure of the universities. Experience is drawn from 26 students using snowball sampling procedure where in- depth interviews were conducted to undergraduate and working part-time graduate students. The sample was taken from public and private universities and cross section research design was used. Content analysis was carried out. Collaborations and sharing digital learning experience before crisis universities and businesses were the summary findings. Thus there are lot to learn by universities, students and businesses as a result of the crisis.

Work-life balance and well-being of graduate students

ABSTRACT This exploratory study examines issues related to work-life balance and well-being of a diverse population of graduate students, including master’s and doctoral students, full-time and part-time graduate students, on-campus and on-line students, and from multiple disciplines. Using data from graduate students at a large, public university on the mid-Atlantic coast, our results provide a broad picture of work-life balance, three components of well-being – quality of life, physical health, and mental health – and factors such as program climate, sense of well-being, stressors, and sources of support. We discuss how social cognitive, structuration, and border theories can be applied to study and address issues of work-life balance and well-being in more depth.

Difficulties and Solutions of Part-time Graduate Admissions in China

Part-time postgraduate education and full-time postgraduate education are complementary in function, and jointly improve China's degree and postgraduate education system. Since the implementation of the combined training of the two types of graduate students, part-time graduate education, especially the admissions process, has encountered some difficulties, which need to be resolved urgently, such as fewer applicants, lower initial admission rates, difficulty in adjusting admissions, and diverse student structure, etc. The main reason is that the social recognition of part-time graduate students is low, and the social stereotype of the dwarf status of part-time graduate students has not changed. In order to effectively solve the above problems and improve China's postgraduate education methods, specific suggestions are put forward

Chinese teachers’ imaginaries: comparing the pros and cons of Chinese education and other education systems

ABSTRACT The article presents a qualitative study which explores Chinese school teachers’ imaginaries of Chinese and other education systems. It also investigates how social media has shaped their imaginaries. By reference to the literature on imaginary, discourse, and media, the study views imaginary as an instantiation of a particular discourse or discourses. This research employs qualitative coding methods and textual analysis to interpret the meanings of 163 opinion articles written by part-time graduate students, who were full-time school teachers. These methods were also used to analyse interview and observation transcripts. The findings reveal that most participants adopted stereotypical perspectives of western and Chinese education, and exhibited a strong sense of self-deprecation. Interestingly, WeChat, a popular Social Network Services (SNSs), played a prominent role in constructing these teachers’ imaginaries. The study highlights the hegemonic power given to western education and the critical role played by social media in the Chinese context.

Psychological Safety, Need for Cognition, and Proactivity among Public Sector Employees

While employee proactivity has been hailed in management literature as a critical characteristic enabling an organization to accomplish its goals, little is known about how public sector employees exert proactivity at work. This study examines the effect of individual and contextual factors that enhance proactive work behavior among public sector employees. Using two samples of nonprofit hospital employees and part-time graduate students working in the public sector, we investigate the role of the need for cognition and psychological safety in promoting proactive behavior at work. We also examine the mediating role of self-efficacy in the relationship between the two antecedents and proactive behavior. We first confirm the measurement invariance across two samples and then examine hypothesized relationships using structural equation modeling. Our results show that both the need for cognition and perceived psychological safety promote proactive behavior through the mediation of employee’s role breadth self-efficacy.

Part-time graduate students’ learning experience and (re)construction of career identity

직업을 갖고 대학원에 진학하는 대학원생의 숫자가 갈수록 늘어나고 있다. 재직 대학원생은 대학원이라는 새로운 교육환경에서 학업과 직업을 병행하면서, 자아와 주변 상황에 대한 끊임없는 상호작용과 성찰을 통한 인식전환의 과정을 겪는다. 이 연구는 대학원에 진학한 초기경력 대학원생의 학습과정에서 직업정체성을 (재)형성하는 과정에 초점을 두고, 직업관과 학습관에 관한인식 변화과정과 이들이 처한 맥락적 상황이 변화과정에 어떻게 상호작용하는지 고찰하는데 목적을 두었다. 이를 위하여 5년 이하의 경력을 가지고 최소 3학기이상 수료한 대학원생을 대상으로 심층 인터뷰를 진행하였고, 다음과 같은 연구결과를 도출하였다. 첫째, 대학원 학습과정은 재직 대학원생의 직업과 학습에 대한 관점 변화, 즉 준거 틀의 새로운 형성, 재구조화를 이끌었다. 학습과정은 타인의 관점이 아닌 자신만의 준거 틀을 만들고 본인이 추구하는 가치관과 신념에 맞는 관점을 형성하는 과정이었다. 둘째, 재직 대학원생의 학습과정에서 오는 정서적, 환경적 요인은 서로 복합적으로 얽혀 연결되어 있었으며 독립적이 아닌 맥락 간의 상호작용을 통해 직업정체성 (재)형성에 영향을 주었다. 셋째, 재직 대학원생의 대학원에서의 학습과정은 직업정체성을 (재)형성하는 과정을 통해 자신을 ‘무지한 직업인’에서 ‘겸손한 학습자’로 인식하게 되었고 ‘끊임없이 배움이 필요한 겸손한 직업인으로’ 직업정체성을 (재)형성하였다.The increase in the number of part-time graduate students has led graduate schools to become important institutes for career development in Korea. Part-time graduate students not only achieve academic knowledge and skills but also develop their career identity. The study explored how part-time graduate students transform their perspectives of learning, work, and their selves during their graduate school years. Thirteen part-time students, who completed at least three semesters in graduate school while working in careers of less than 5 years, participated in in-depth interviews. The following are the results of the study. First, the process of persisting with graduate school learning led to changes in perspectives on their work and learning of people who are early in their careers, that is, the new formation and restructuring of their frames of reference. Second, emotional, and environmental factors in the learning process of people early in their careers were intricately connected, which influenced the reconstruction of the occupational identity through their interaction. Third, participation in learning was the process of reconstructing their occupational identity. The study participants changed their identity from the career ignorant to the humble learner through learning, and reconstructed their occupational identity into the humble career man in need of endless learning through the integration.

Innovative Research on Ideological and Political Education Implementation System for Part-Time Graduate Students—Based on the Perspective of Inducement Analysis of Universities’ Network Public Opinion

The significance and urgency of the ideological and political education for part-time graduate students is standing out with the expansion of recruitment of this particular group of students. This article directs at the peculiar properties of part-time graduate students, discusses the implementation system that perfects and optimizes the ideological and political education for part-time graduate students, proposes a new perspective of viewing the ideological and political education for part-time graduate students as an organized system that applies an integrated governance structure, and penetrates the ideological and political education throughout the education and management process, therefore achieving the goal of elevating the level of ideological and political education for part-time graduate students.

Balancing the work-life equation

As a working chemist, a part-time graduate student in chemical engineering, and a mother of a three-year-old, Lisiane Zeni has a busy life. “It’s overwhelming,” she says of balancing her work in th...

Relationships among perceived career support, affective commitment, and work engagement

This study sought to test the predictive effects of perceived career support and affective commitment on work engagement. It was hypothesized that perceived career support would relate positively to work engagement and this relationship would be transmitted through affective commitment. Survey data were collected from 115 full-time employees enrolled as part-time graduate students in a large public university in Malaysia. Multiple regression analysis yielded results indicating that the relationship between perceived career support and work engagement was mediated by affective commitment. This finding suggests that employers can promote employee work engagement by ensuring employees perceive their organization to be supportive of their career and increasing employees' level of affective commitment.

Intrusive Faculty Academic Advising for Part-Time and Commuter Graduate Students

This discussion will explore applications of undergraduate intrusive academic advising strategies to non-cohort based Higher Education programs with part-time and commuter graduate students to increase persistence and graduation rates. I analyzed program-level data as a foundation for investigating the potential role of technology to increasing graduate advising structure and efficiency.

Empirically assessing the continued applicability of the IUIPC construct

– The purpose of this paper is to revisit the internet users’ information privacy concerns (IUIPC) construct, a research model, and hypotheses based on Malhotra et al. (2004) to assess the continued applicability of this construct. The relationship among privacy concerns, trusting beliefs, and risk beliefs continues to be unclear. Empirical evidence about the impact of privacy concerns on behavior is mixed. , – A paper-based questionnaire was distributed and collected from 63 part-time graduate students of a private university in the mid-Atlantic USA. These respondents have an average of six years of full-time professional work experience and the vast majority (88.9 percent) has over seven years of experience on the internet. Questionnaire items measured the constructs of the IUIPC instrument. All measurement scales were validated using factor analysis, Cronbach's α, and reliability analysis. For hypothesis testing, multiple regression analysis was used. , – The results partially support those of Malhotra et al. (2004). Consistent are the findings that the higher the trust a consumer holds for an online company, the less likely that consumer is to view providing personal information as risky. Also consistent is that the higher the trust a consumer holds for an online company, the more likely is that consumer to intend to provide personal information online. Finally, the greater risk a consumer has for providing personal information, the less willing that consumer is to reveal such information online. However, the results did not support a negative relationship between the IUIPC construct and consumer trust in an online company or a positive relationship between IUIPC and consumer risk in providing personal information to an online company. The paper concludes that the IUIPC is not the valid scale to employ in measuring information privacy concerns. , – The main limitation of the findings is the use of a small convenience sample, limiting the insights into interrelationships between various dimensions of privacy concerns and the generalizability of the results. , – The results may provide guidance to online retailers in addressing the dimensions of privacy concerns related to trusting beliefs and risk beliefs. , – IUIPC were measured using the IUIPC instrument. This responds to Malhotra et al.'s (2004) call to use the IUIPC scale and the associated research framework to further investigate consumer privacy concerns and the suggestion by Belanger and Crossler (2011) that more studies should explore this scale. Further, both Westin (1967), and Smith et al. (1996) recognize that privacy attitudes and concerns may change over time, providing motivation to revisit IUIPC.

Extending Learning Beyond the Classroom: Graduate Student Experiences of Online Discussions in a Hybrid Course

While a range of research has been done on hybrid learning and online discussions, few studies have examined the voice of students in regard to their perceptions of these types of learning experiences. This article presents current research findings gathered from part-time graduate students enrolled in a hybrid course. The students’ perceptions are framed within thematic elements driven by best practices in learning, pedagogy, and formative assessment and supported by a review of the literature and conceptual treatments. Finally, recommendations are provided for continuing education practitioners and faculty when designing, assessing, and/or revising online and hybrid courses.

Research Article The Role of Leadership and Contextualization on Citizenship Behaviors in Distributed Teams: A Relational Capital Perspective

Research problem: This study provides insights into the role that a leader plays in improving relational capital, thereby motivating team members' citizenship behaviors in distributed teams. We address the following research questions: (1) What is the role of inspirational leadership in cultivating relational capital (i.e., reciprocity and commitment) in distributed teams? (2) Are team members' citizenship behaviors (i.e., knowledge sharing and interpersonal helping) influenced by relational capital in distributed teams? (3) How does technology support for cognitive and affective contextualization facilitate leaders to improve organizational communication? Literature review: The purpose of the review was to provide a theoretical background for the variables in this study. Based on the relevant theories on relational capital, leadership, organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and contextualization, this study reviewed how previous studies link these theories to one other, and proposed the positive relationship between leadership, relational capital and OCBs, as well as the moderating relationships of technology support for contextualization. Methodology: The researchers conducted a quantitative survey with 141 respondents in a major university in Asia. The subjects were part-time graduate students pursuing their master's degree. Researchers administrated a paper-based questionnaire along with a cover letter explaining the study's objectives. Responses indicating teams that were situated in only one location and their role as team leaders were removed from the analyses. Participation was completely voluntary. The researchers chose partial least squares to test the hypotheses since it has fewer restrictive assumptions and its ability for analyzing measurement and structural models. Results and discussion: This study highlights the importance of inspirational leaders in cultivating two kinds of relational capital, namely commitment and reciprocity. This study also explores the differential values of contextual information from the cognitive and affective dimensions. A key result is that the effect of inspirational leadership on reciprocity is strengthened when there is technology support for cognitive contextualization. At the same time, technology support for affective contextualization has a direct impact on commitment. These findings provide empirical support for affective and cognitive contextualization in distributed organizational communication, and suggest a way for distinguishing between reciprocity and commitment. This study concludes by illustrating the positive effects of commitment on citizenship behaviors, such as knowledge sharing and interpersonal helping. The implication of this study is that when teams are physically dispersed, there should be more emphasis on leadership with inspirational attributes to get their team members to perform beyond standard requirements. In addition, this study provides leaders and organizations with an opportunity to reflect on the appropriate technology that can be adopted to compensate for insufficient communication. The limitation of this study is that each respondent represents his/her working team. As a result, it may introduce bias to the findings. In addition, self-reported measures may also cause common method bias. Future research could consider the addition of objective measures and longitudinal work to reduce the possibility of common method bias, and investigate how work behaviors change over time.

Group Work in the MBA Classroom

This article forms part of an exploration into how graduate students experience group work. A single case, embedded study was completed in 2011, which reveals insight and understanding into the manner in which part-time MBA students experience group work assignments and how these experiences contribute to their perception of positive group work outcomes. The fundamental underpinnings of the case study findings suggest a practical pedagogical shift for educators of part-time graduate students engaged in group work. Specifically, this article proposes a situational group work model, which can be defined as a pattern or mapping that identifies crucial situational factors involved with student group work on the part-time graduate level. The central focus of this article is to understand this new model, which is rooted in group work experiences from the students’ point of view. The model also explicates the manner in which instructors and other students facilitate the perception of a positive group work outcome for students. Using authentic MBA student voices, this article seeks to empower group work practitioners and educators with knowledge to improve group practice and also to better inform facilitators of group work in the graduate classroom.

Web-based laboratories for internet remote experimentation

We have created a family of web-based laboratories for users to conduct physical experimentation remotely through the internet. In the areas of communications, two of the laboratories serve to teach large undergraduate classes about using an oscilloscope and a spectrum analyser to investigate the various basic electrical characteristics of a simple electrical circuit, and about how frequency modulation changes the spectrum of a signal. The other laboratories on the design of algorithms for a coupled-tank, helicopter and robotic soccer system are for high-level undergraduate, part-time and full-time graduate and research students taking courses in control engineering. With the capability to augment hands-on practical experience, the set of laboratories is an important cornerstone for the success of distance engineering and science education. It allows students to carry out physical experimental work at their own pace anytime anywhere, requires very little space and manpower to maintain, and is ideal for the sharing of expensive equipment.

Communication Correlates of Perceived Machiavellianism of Supervisors: Communication Orientations and Outcomes

This paper reports the development of the Perceived Supervisor Machiavellian Measure (PSMM) for use in the organizational communication context. Data were drawn from full-time employees who were part-time graduate students in a corporate and organizational communication program. Employees' perceptions of supervisor Machiavellianism were negatively related to employees' perceptions of supervisor credibility (competence, caring, and trustworthiness), employees' attitudes toward the supervisor, employee motivation, and employee job satisfaction. Supervisors' perceived communication behaviors (nonverbal immediacy, responsiveness, and assertiveness) accounted for a significant amount of variance in perceived supervisor Machiavellianism. The results support a general model of supervisor behavior and provide a foundation for future research in organizational communication.

Historiographic Method and the Study of Early Cinema

For better or worse, my efforts to assess the state of film history have taken a personal turn. My work as a film historian found traction in the midto late 1970s when, as an independent filmmaker and part-time graduate student, I became curious about the beginnings of cinema, particularly of film editing. What was the first cut? How did editing develop? The available literature did not adequately address these issues, and so I began to explore them myself. Of course, my questions seem somewhat naive in retrospect. I soon realized that editing was around long before cinema, that in nineteenth-century screen entertainment, the exhibitor, rather than the image-maker, generally held editorial control and was responsible for what we now call postproduction. On a basic level, then, film editing was not invented but shifted from exhibitor to production company, resulting in the centralization of this crucial element of creative control and acceptance of the filmmaker as an artistic and cultural force. Intimately related to this insight into production practices was an interrogation of the system of representation, which prior scholars had dismissed as primitive, unformed, and incoherent. Rather than assuaging my curiosity, these new understandings pointed to related topics for engagement, which absorbed much of my energy for the next fifteen years. Obviously I was not alone. The study of early cinema produced a community of scholars whose work was historical and based on archival research. As has often been noted, the 1978 annual meeting of the Federation of International Film Archives (FIAF), held in Brighton, England, proved to be a crucial moment as historians, archivists, filmmakers, and theorists from Europe and the United States came together to view fiction films made between 1900 and 1906 and to present their initial insights on the pre-Griffith era. The conference signaled a new integration of academic and archive-based history and fostered tendencies that contributed to the formulation of a new historiography. One of the most fundamental changes involved a new approach or attitude toward the subject. Too often film scholars have maintained a superior attitude toward the works they examine and the creative artists who made them. In this regard, Edwin S. Porter, the key figure in my dissertation, was a touchstone. Film historians had sometimes credited Porter with the breakthrough realization that cinema could be a storytelling form, but just as quickly they had criticized him for being rather inept as a storyteller. Of course, both assessments were off the mark. On the one hand, storytelling was around from the onset of cinema and Porter was just one of many filmmakers to develop the story film in the early 1900s. On the other hand,