Part Of Pole Research Articles

A prediction method for fatigue life of large moving components as function of scale factor: A case of motor‐generator rotor

AbstractWith the development of science and technology, more and more large moving components have been used in industry, and their service lives have become an important issue. After analysis of the previous results, considering the scale factor, a prediction method for fatigue life of large moving components based on the Basquin relation was proposed at first, and then the magnet pole part of motor‐generator rotor was chosen to make simulation parts with different scale factors mainly in terms of their S‐N curves and fractographies. It was found that with the change of specimen scale factor, the stress concentration factor at transition arc is almost unchanged as well as the fatigue strength exponent, and the fatigue strength coefficient changes linearly. Based on those results, a life prediction method was validated, and the results show that this method is a simple but more precise relation. After fatigue fracture surface and crack growth angle observations and quantitative analyses, the fatigue damage mechanisms associated with the relation among fatigue strength exponent and coefficient and scale factors were explained well. Those studies will provide a new clue to the prediction of the service life for those large moving components.

Differences in photoreceptor recovery among patients and between different parts of the posterior pole in Vogt\u2013Koyanagi\u2013Harada disease

PurposeTo investigate the recovery of photoreceptors following the treatment in Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada (VKH) disease.Patients and methodsThis was a retrospective study. We enrolled 28 patients with VKH (56 eyes). The clinical and optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings were recorded for 12 months after treatment. The patterns of photoreceptor recovery on OCT were defined: pattern F group=Foveal photoreceptor recovery visible first; pattern E group=Extrafoveal photoreceptor recovery visible first; and pattern S group=Simultaneous foveal and extrafoveal photoreceptor recovery.ResultsPhotoreceptor recovery varied in different parts of the fundus among patients. Among the 56 eyes, the ellipsoid zone (EZ) recovery of 10 eyes and the interdigitation zone (IZ) recovery of 17 eyes belonged to pattern F group. In most eyes (46 eyes for EZ and 26 eyes for IZ), the recovery of these structures were pattern S. Only in 10 eyes, the recovery of IZ was pattern E. The different patterns of recovery correlated with how promptly the patients had been treated and with the anatomical and visual outcomes at 12 months. Patients in pattern F group were characterized by delayed treatment, delayed recovery of EZ or IZ, and a less favourable prognosis at 12 months relative to other patients, while those in pattern E group had the most prompt treatment and recovery as well as a more favourable outcome at 12 months.ConclusionsIn VKH patients with delayed treatment, foveal photoreceptors tended to recover more rapidly than photoreceptors in other regions.

Amygdalohippocampectomy via the Lateral Extended Transsphenoidal Endoscopic Approach Through the Pterygopalatine Fossa: An Anatomic Study.

The lateral extended transsphenoidal endoscopic approach (LETEA) is used to remove tumors located lateral to the cavernous segment of the internal carotid artery under direct visual control and provides access to Meckel cave, pterygopalatine fossa, medial part of the middle cranial fossa, and orbit. We describe an extended transsphenoidal approach to the amygdalohippocampectomy through the pterygopalatine fossa. The LETEA to the middle cranial fossa through the pterygopalatine fossa was studied on 3 injected human cadavers at the Burdenko Neurosurgery Institute in Moscow, Russia. LETEA and trepanation of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone allow access to the medial part of the middle cranial fossa. Medial segments of the temporal lobe (hippocampus and amygdala) and the temporal pole were removed under guidance of the 45° angled endoscope. LETEA through the pterygopalatine fossa is minimally invasive and provides direct access to the temporal pole and medial part of the temporal lobe. This approach may reduce risk of neurologic deficit and help to avoid cosmetic defects in the frontotemporal region associated with injury to temporal muscle and facial nerve injury as can occur during transcranial approaches. Disadvantages that limit application of LETEA include risk of cerebrospinal fluid leak and skills needed for manipulation in a narrow and deep surgical field with angled 30° and 45° endoscopes.

Pole-zero analysis and wavelength scaling of carbon nanotube antennas

Carbon nanotube (CN) antennas have applications in the THz electromagnetic spectrum. Nanotubes have a highly dispersive and frequency dependent conductivity model. In this article, we compare the poles and zeros in the input impedance of CN antennas at different lengths. We used model-based parameter estimation to approximate the input impedance of the antenna with a rational function in the complex frequency domain. Despite dispersive conductivity of CN, the imaginary part of the poles and zeros are respectively the integer multiples and odd multiples of the imaginary part of the first pole and zero. However, the real part of poles is almost constant, while the pattern was not observed for the real part of zeros. We also show that CN dipoles operating between 43 and 53 GHz are well matched if the source impedance is much higher than 50 ohms, and even higher than 12.9 kΩ. The fundamental resonances (f0) of CN dipoles plotted versus their inverse-half-length (1/L) are linearly related, but the intercept of the fitted straight line is non-zero unlike that for perfect electric conductor (PEC) dipoles. This leads to non-linear variation in wavelength scaling of CN dipoles. The resonant CN antennas are relatively much shorter than PEC dipoles.

Four-loop photon quark form factor and cusp anomalous dimension in the large-Nc limit of QCD

We compute the four-loop QCD corrections to the massless quark-anti-quark-photon form factor Fq in the large-Nc limit. From the pole part we extract analytic expressions for the corresponding cusp and collinear anomalous dimensions.

Anterior lens epithelium in cataract patients with retinitis pigmentosa - scanning and transmission electron microscopy study.

In retinitis pigmentosa (RP) patients, relatively minor lens opacity in central part of posterior pole of the lens may cause disproportionate functional symptoms requiring cataract operation. To investigate the possible structural reasons for this opacity development, we studied the structure of the lens epithelium of patients with RP. The anterior lens capsule (aLC: basement membrane and associated lens epithelial cells, LECs) was obtained from cataract surgery and prepared for scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). Both SEM and TEM show a number of abnormal features in the anterior lens epithelium of cataract patients with RP. The abnormalities appear mainly as holes, thinning and degradation of the epithelium, with the dimensions from <1μm to more than 50μm. Other types of holes in size up to 20μm were seen that may be formed by gradual stretching of the lens epithelium. Another type of abnormalities was cracks that were seen between adjacent LECs, with dimensions 0.1-2μm×up to 10μm. Abnormal structural features were observed in the anterior lens epithelium that may cause water influx into the lens. This may lead to clouding along the water clefts leading towards the posterior pole in the RP cataractous lens. We suggest that the lens epithelium has a role in the development of the cataract in patients with RP.

EP 81. Medial prefrontal aberrations in major depressive disorder revealed by Cytoarchitectonically informed Voxel-based Morphometry

Objective The heterogeneous human frontal pole has been identified as a node in the dysfunctional network of major depressive disorder (MDD) ( Mayberg, 2003 ). The contribution of the medial (socio affective) versus lateral (cognitive) frontal pole to major depression pathogenesis is currently unclear. The authors performed morphometric comparison of the microstructurally informed subdivisions of human frontal pole ( Bludau et al., 2014 ) between depressed patients and comparison subjects using both uni- and multivariate statistics. Method Multisite voxel- and region-based morphometric MRI analysis was conducted in 73 depressed patients and 73 matched comparison subjects without psychiatric history (Gender: Controls [f/m]40/33; Patients [f/m]40/33; chi 2 :1.0, Age: Controls [mean/ SD]38.51/12.56; Patients [mean/SD]41.70/12.95; ttest (p-value): 0.13). Frontal pole volume was first compared between depressed patients and comparison subjects by subdivision-wise classical morphometric analysis. In a second approach, frontal pole volume was compared by subdivision-naive multivariate searchlight analysis based on support vector machines. Results The group comparison showed a significant decrease in volume of the left medial part of the frontal pole (left Fp2) of MDD patients compared to the controls ( Fig. 1 ) ( p r = −0.32)) and within the patients of all sites (Fp2_L ∼ BDI ( r = −0.26)). Duration as well as episodes also correlates negatively with the volume of left Fp2 within the patients (Fp2_L ∼ duration ( r = −0.35); Fp2_L ∼ episodes ( r = −0.34)). Histologically uninformed multivariate voxel-wise statistics provided converging evidence for structural aberrations specific to the microstructurally defined medial area of the frontal pole in depressed patients ( Fig. 2 ). Conclusions Across disparate methods, subregion specificity in the left medial frontal pole volume in depressed patients was demonstrated. Indeed, the frontal pole was shown to structurally and functionally connect to other key regions in major depression pathology, such as the anterior cingulate cortex and the amygdala via the uncinate fasciculus. Present and previous findings consolidate the left medial portion of the frontal pole as particularly altered in major depression.

An analytic regularisation scheme on curved space–times with applications to cosmological space–times

We develop a renormalisation scheme for time-ordered products in interacting field theories on curved space–times that consists of an analytic regularisation of Feynman amplitudes and a minimal subtraction of the resulting pole parts. This scheme is directly applicable to space–times with Lorentzian signature, manifestly generally covariant, invariant under any space–time isometries present, and constructed to all orders in perturbation theory. Moreover, the scheme correctly captures the nongeometric state-dependent contribution of Feynman amplitudes, and it is well suited for practical computations. To illustrate this last point, we compute explicit examples on a generic curved space–time and demonstrate how momentum space computations in cosmological space–times can be performed in our scheme. In this work, we discuss only scalar fields in four space–time dimensions, but we argue that the renormalisation scheme can be directly generalised to other space–time dimensions and field theories with higher spin as well as to theories with local gauge invariance.

The horseshoe flap. An “emergency” oncoplastic breast surgery technique

Since 2003, oncoplastic breast surgery was introduced combining breast cancer resection and reconstruction. The goal of OBS is to achieve an oncologically safe surgery with the best possible cosmetic result. This type of procedure must be carefully planned preoperatively by taking into account several factors. However, sometimes this does not happen, and as a response to this factors’ neglect, we developed a technique to correct the defect from an upper quadrant breast cancer lumpectomy, which resulted to be wider than expected. This technique is called the horseshoe flap. Data were collected retrospectively from the Teramo Breast Unit database from June 2013 to December 2014. Both preoperative and postoperative data were recorded. The horseshoe flap was used in resections of 20 % or more of the breast volume and consisted in the dissection of the remaining breast tissue from the overlying skin flap, and the mobilization of the remaining part of the upper pole from the pectoralis muscle. The two upper extremities were folded to cover the substance loss in the lumpectomy. A total of five patients underwent a horseshoe flap to correct their defect resulting for an upper quadrant cancer excision. Average resection volume was 131 cc, and no poor or bad cosmetic results were observed. During the follow-up, no cancer recurrences were observed. Sometimes breast surgeons need to perform resections larger than expected, and we are challenged with the correction of the defect without the possibility of a preoperative planning. In this pilot work, we present a valid solution for this situation in case cancers are located in the upper quadrants of the breast. Level of Evidence: Level IV, therapeutic study.

Genetic Regulation of Sinoatrial Node Development and Pacemaker Program in the Venous Pole.

The definitive sinoatrial node (SAN), the primary pacemaker of the mammalian heart, develops from part of pro-pacemaking embryonic venous pole that expresses both Hcn4 and the transcriptional factor Shox2. It is noted that ectopic pacemaking activities originated from the myocardial sleeves of the pulmonary vein and systemic venous return, both derived from the Shox2+ pro-pacemaking cells in the venous pole, cause atrial fibrillation. However, the developmental link between the pacemaker properties in the embryonic venous pole cells and the SAN remains largely uncharacterized. Furthermore, the genetic program for the development of heterogeneous populations of the SAN is also under-appreciated. Here, we review the literature for a better understanding of the heterogeneous development of the SAN in relation to that of the sinus venosus myocardium and pulmonary vein myocardium. We also attempt to revisit genetic models pertinent to the development of pacemaker activities in the perspective of a Shox2-Nkx2-5 epistatic antagonism. Finally, we describe recent efforts in deciphering the regulatory networks for pacemaker development by genome-wide approaches.

P111. Brain volume differences between healthy females with high and low emphatic behavior

Introduction Empathizing is the ability to identify the mental states of others, for predicting their behavior and responding with appropriate emotion. Two routes to empathy are discussed: One relatively automatically process, with fast emotional responding and late appraisal. A second way is less automatic with early cognitive appraisal. Brain areas with structural changes related to empathy comprising regions from the mirror neuron system (MNS) and the default mode network (DMN). Positive and negative associations between empathizing and regional gray matter (GM) volume were found in healthy controls in the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), insula and superior temporal sulcus. Facing these divergent correlative effects, we compared GM volume of healthy females with low and high empathic behavior. Methods From a sample of 269 female healthy students completing the Empathy Quotient (EQ), 20 individuals with EQ > 45 (mean age 22.8) were compared with 20 age-matched individuals with an EQ p p Results In the region-of-interest-based analysis, none of the regions was showing a significant group difference. The exploratory voxelwise analysis yielded clusters of reduced GM volume in the LE group in right and more prominent in left frontal, bilateral occipital and temporal regions, comprising the left middle and superior frontal gyrus, the right middle and inferior temporal gyrus, the bilateral IFG, fusiform gyrus, lingual gyrus and cerebellum. For the HE group, the most prominent cluster of reduced GM volume comprising the right parahippocampus, temporal inferior gyrus and cerebellum. Another cluster was consisting of voxels from the left insula, superior temporal gyrus, rolandic operculum and superior part of temporal pole and clusters were also found in the right caudate and less pronounced in the left middle occipital lobe and in the right superior medial frontal gyrus. Discussion We did not find any group effects in the region-of-interest-based analysis. Most likely are variations in normal empathic behavior in healthy individuals associated with localized sub-regional brain structure differences. Indeed, the exploratory voxel-wise approach revealed that both groups show different clusters of altered GM volume. The HE group showed increased GM volume in frontal regions, comprising MNS and in lateral occipital and temporal regions associated with social recognition. Regions with increased GM volume were found in regions related to reconstructive empathy (left insula and right parahippocampal gyrus) in the LE group.

Diversity in the Large-Scale Pole of Literary Production: An Analysis of Publishers’ Lists and the Dutch Literary Space, 2000–2009

This article analyses the structure of the Dutch literary space through an analysis of 215 publishers’ lists of Dutch fiction and poetry publishers. Examining the ways in which publishers include different genre-language combinations on their lists offers a novel way to understand the structure of literary spaces. Earlier research has mainly seen analyses of the organisational field and the practices of actors, and until now has neglected the publishers’ lists of publishing houses. This neglect is critical as it has simplified ideas about what publishing houses actually publish on the different poles of contemporary literary fields. My analysis of the Dutch literary space shows that, besides small poetry publishers, all other publishers – in terms of their publishers’ lists – are part of the large-scale pole of literary production, but that this large-scale pole is much more diverse and complex than conceptualised in earlier research.

Nucleon–nucleon resonances at intermediate energies using a complex energy formalism

We apply our method of complex scaling, valid for a general class of potentials, in a search for nucleon–nucleon S-matrix poles up to 2 GeV laboratory kinetic energy. We find that the realistic potentials JISP16, constructed from inverse scattering, and chiral field theory potentials N3LO and N2LOopt support resonances in energy regions well above their fit regions. In some cases these resonances have widths that are small when compared with the real part of the S-matrix pole.

Continuous Function Modeling of Head-Related Impulse Response

A continuous function model is developed for efficient head-related impulse response (HRIR) representation. In this model, HRIR is modeled as the response of an IIR filter via common factor decomposition analysis, where HRIRs at the same azimuth but different elevations share the same IIR pole part and HRIRs at the same elevation but different azimuthes share the same IIR zero part. The pole and zero coefficients of the proposed common factor IIR (CF-IIR) filters are further modeled using sinusoidal functions of azimuth and elevation, respectively. A fast algorithm for evaluating sinusoidal function for efficient synthesis of virtual 3D sound is also developed.

Structural Alteration of the Dorsal Visual Network in DLB Patients with Visual Hallucinations: A Cortical Thickness MRI Study

Visual hallucinations (VH) represent one of the core features in discriminating dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) from Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Previous studies reported that in DLB patients functional alterations of the parieto-occipital regions were correlated with the presence of VH. The aim of our study was to assess whether morphological changes in specific cortical regions of DLB could be related to the presence and severity of VH. We performed a cortical thickness analysis on magnetic resonance imaging data in a cohort including 18 DLB patients, 15 AD patients and 14 healthy control subjects. Relatively to DLB group, correlation analysis between the cortical thickness and the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) hallucination item scores was also performed. Cortical thickness was reduced bilaterally in DLB compared to controls in the pericalcarine and lingual gyri, cuneus, precuneus, superior parietal gyrus. Cortical thinning was found bilaterally in AD compared to controls in temporal cortex including the superior and middle temporal gyrus, part of inferior temporal cortex, temporal pole and insula. Inferior parietal and supramarginal gyri were also affected bilaterally in AD as compared to controls. The comparison between DLB and AD evidenced cortical thinning in DLB group in the right posterior regions including superior parietal gyrus, precuneus, cuneus, pericalcarine and lingual gyri. Furthermore, the correlation analysis between cortical thickness and NPI hallucination item scores showed that the structural alteration in the dorsal visual regions including superior parietal gyrus and precuneus closely correlated with the occurrence and severity of VH. We suggest that structural changes in key regions of the dorsal visual network may play a crucial role in the physiopathology of VH in DLB patients.

Correction of shortened and broaden prolabium deformity with double flag-shaped flaps following bilateral cleft lip repair

To explore the correction for shortened and broaden prolabium deformity following bilateral cleft lip repair. We designed the upper lip double flag-shaped flaps. The quadrilateral original surgical scar (flap flag pole part) was resected and the incision was made along the direction of nasolabial groove at the nostrils bottom to form two flag-shaped flaps (the section of the flag face). Lip tubercle were tracted and blunt dissection of upper philtrum were performed to form a wound, 4-6 mm in width. The flag-shaped flaps on both sides were rotated to the central, in order to form a new nasal base and new prolabium, followed by V-Y or Z plasty procedure to correct the defect of tubercle and vermilion. 10 cases were enrolled for the clinical application from January 2008 to December 2012. The height of the prolabium was lengthened by 4-6 mm after operation, which fundamentally corrected shortened and broaden prolabium deformity after bilateral cleft lip operation. The procedure can also correct the depression or defect of tubercle, too wide philtrum, philtrum column scar and the deformity of vermilion border continuity. The patients were followed up for a period of 3 months to 3 years with satisfactory results. Double flag-shaped flaps of the upper lip at the nostrils bottom is a simple and good surgery method to correct the shortened and broaden prolabium deformity following bilateral cleft lip repair.

Secondary choriocapillaritis in infectious chorioretinitis

To analyse the indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) patterns of hypofluorescence that are compatible with choriocapillaritis that occur secondarily to toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis (ToRC), ocular tuberculosis (including tuberculous choroiditis, TuCR and multifocal serpiginoid choroiditis, TMSC) and syphilitic chorioretinitis (SyCR). This was a single centre, retrospective case review study. Patients with a diagnosis of ToRC, TuCR, TMSC or SyCR were identified, their charts were reviewed and fundus photographs, fluorescein angiography (FA) and ICGA pictures were assessed. Indocyanine green angiography was performed at the initial presentation in 63 of the 105 patients with ToRC, in 37 of the 38 patients with TuCR, in six of six patients with TMSC and in two of four patients with SyCR. The following four ICGA patterns indicated choriocapillaritis: extension of hypofluorescence beyond the hypofluorescence of the actual infectious focus as seen on fundus photography or FA (seen only in ToRC and TuCR); small dark dots around the infectious focus (seen only in ToRC); multiple 'confetti-like' hypofluorescent areas or hypofluorescent geographical confluent areas (seen only in TMSC); and widespread areas of nonperfusion visible only in ICGA (seen only in SyCR). Patients with secondary choriocapillaritis have distinct typical ICGA findings. ICGA is thus an important diagnostic tool that can provide an explanation for otherwise obscure visual loss and that might have diagnostic value for specific conditions like ToRC and SyCR.

GroupICA dual regression analysis of resting state networks in a behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia

Functional MRI studies have revealed changes in default-mode and salience networks in neurodegenerative dementias, especially in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The purpose of this study was to analyze the whole brain cortex resting state networks (RSNs) in patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) by using resting state functional MRI (rfMRI). The group specific RSNs were identified by high model order independent component analysis (ICA) and a dual regression technique was used to detect between-group differences in the RSNs with p < 0.05 threshold corrected for multiple comparisons. A y-concatenation method was used to correct for multiple comparisons for multiple independent components, gray matter differences as well as the voxel level. We found increased connectivity in several networks within patients with bvFTD compared to the control group. The most prominent enhancement was seen in the right frontotemporal area and insula. A significant increase in functional connectivity was also detected in the left dorsal attention network (DAN), in anterior paracingulate—a default mode sub-network as well as in the anterior parts of the frontal pole. Notably the increased patterns of connectivity were seen in areas around atrophic regions. The present results demonstrate abnormal increased connectivity in several important brain networks including the DAN and default-mode network (DMN) in patients with bvFTD. These changes may be associated with decline in executive functions and attention as well as apathy, which are the major cognitive and neuropsychiatric defects in patients with frontotemporal dementia.

Lineage Tree for the Venous Pole of the Heart

Rationale: Genetic tracing experiments and cell lineage analyses are complementary approaches that give information about the progenitor cells of a tissue. Approaches based on gene expression have led to conflicting views about the origin of the venous pole of the heart. Whereas the heart forms from 2 sources of progenitor cells, the first and second heart fields, genetic tracing has suggested a distinct origin for caval vein myocardium, from a proposed third heart field. Objective: To determine the cell lineage history of the myocardium at the venous pole of the heart. Methods and Results: We used retrospective clonal analyses to investigate lineage segregation for myocardium at the venous pole of the mouse heart, independent of gene expression. Conclusions: Our lineage analysis unequivocally shows that caval vein and atrial myocardium share a common origin and demonstrates a clonal relationship between the pulmonary vein and progenitors of the left venous pole. Clonal characteristics give insight into the development of the veins. Unexpectedly, we found a lineage relationship between the venous pole and part of the arterial pole, which is derived exclusively from the second heart field. Integration of results from genetic tracing into the lineage tree adds a further temporal dimension to this reconstruction of the history of venous myocardium and the arterial pole.

Ocular granuloma, uveitis and X‐linked chronic granulomatous disease

AbstractPurpose To report 2 cases of ocular inflammation in patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD).Methods A 2‐year old boy was referred for red right eye and fever lasting for one month. A granuloma developed in the anterior chamber of his right eye. A CGD was suspected and the X‐chromosom analysis confirmed a mutation in the gp 91 phox (the b subunit of cytochrome b558). Steroids were associated with antifungals and antibiotics and the granuloma disappeared rapidly. The other caseis about a 22‐year‐old womanknown to be a carrier for X‐linked cytochrome b558‐negative CGD. She presented with a red painful right eye. Slit‐lamp examination revealed a nodular scleritisand, funduscopy disclosed chorioretinal granuloma in nasal periphery (RE). A white active but asymptomatic chorioretinal lesion on the temporal part of posterior pole and perivascular retinal scars were found (LE).She was successfully treated with oral prednisone.Results CGD is a rare inherited disorder of phagocytic cells leading to recurrent life‐threatening bacterial and fungal infections, caused by a defect in the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. The most common molecular defect is a mutation in the cytochrome B, b subunit gene located on the X chromosome encoding for gp91. The most frequent ocular manifestations are juxta vascular chorioretinal lesions, keratitis and conjunctivitis. Current therapy for CGD is based on antimicrobial prophylaxis, early and aggressive treatment of infections.Conclusion Ophthalmologists must be aware of the different ocular localisations in CDG that may be the presenting symptoms.