Part Of Gender Difference Research Articles

THE EFFECT OF INTELLIGENCE, MOTIVATION AND LEARNING STYLE TO GENDER DIFFERENCES IN SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNING

This research basically is a part of gender difference in language, but for specifically, this research more emphasize to present a brief overview of second language learning and then discuss the subject of gender differences related to the second language learning.Learning language especially second language is not easy. It needed and involve many things to achieve the success.To master the language.The motivation, intelligence, and learning style are the subjects that can influence the learners to achieve their goal in learning. Through this research, the researcher want to know whether the motivation, intelligence and learning style can influence the second language learning or cannot, and whether there are gender differences in second language learning or there are not. The findings of this research prove motivation, intelligence and learning style influence the ability the second language.

Gender differences in sleep problems: The mediating role of co-rumination and depressive symptoms

Co-rumination is a dyadic tendency in which two members excessively discuss and revisit problems while focusing on negative feelings. Co-rumination is more prominent among female friends than male friends, which helps to account in part for gender differences in depressive symptoms. The current study adopted a socioemotional perspective to examine whether gender differences in sleep problems could be mediated by co-rumination in friendships and depressive symptoms. A sample of 172 young adults (Mage=19.15) participated in a self-report study. Mediation analysis showed that females reported higher co-rumination and depressive symptoms, both of which were related to more sleep problems. Moderated mediation analysis further revealed that the mediational role of depressive symptoms between co-rumination and sleep problems was stronger for females compared to males.

Effects of masculinity-femininity on quality of work life

Purpose– The purpose of this paper was to attempt to understand the effects of gender, masculinity-femininity and social support from three sources (supervisor, co-worker and family) on the quality of work life (QWL) of an employee. In addition, the paper tried to explore the moderating effects of gender and social support in the relationship between masculinity-femininity and QWL. Relevant background variables such as age, marital status, parental status and sector have been included as control variables in the study.Design/methodology/approach– Data were collected from a sample of 307 bank employees in India (208 males and 99 females) working in private and public sector banks using the purposive sampling technique. Prior permission was obtained from the relevant authorities. To test the hypotheses,t-tests and hierarchical regression analyses were performed. In addition, the Baron and Kenny (1986) approach was used to test the moderating effects of gender and social support in the relationship between masculinity-femininity and QWL.Findings– Masculinity-femininity was not found to be significant predictor of QWL, while gender emerged as a significant predictor of QWL. Also, gender moderated the relationship between masculinity-femininity and QWL. All three sources of social support significantly predicted QWL. Results oft-test showed that female employees experienced better QWL than male employees. Furthermore, supervisory category employees and parent employees reported significantly better QWL than non-supervisory and non-parent employees.Practical implications– The key implication for organisations is that employees with both masculine and feminine tendencies are required to strike a balance between goal orientation and people orientation within the company. Also, employees should understand that their gender as well as their individual orientations towards masculinity or femininity will affect the dynamics of any interaction. Hence, being aware of the tendencies that are typical of their gender role orientations both while dealing with themselves as well as while dealing with customers, colleagues or supervisors would help in improving the quality of their work, as well as their QWL, especially in customer service professions.Originality/value– This is one of the few studies that have tried to answer the “why” part of gender differences in QWL. In addition, this study contributes to an understanding of the relative importance of different sources of social support in improving an employee's QWL. Finally, this is the first study to understand the relationship between masculinity-femininity, social support, gender and QWL in the Indian context, where the overall cultural orientation towards gender roles is currently changing.

Gender and the Internet: Women Communicating and Men Searching

This research examined gender differences in Internet use and factors responsible for these differences. A sample of 630 Anglo American undergraduates completed the Student Computer and Internet Survey that contained questions about e-mail and Web use, and about potential affective and cognitive mediators of use. Based on a general model of Internet use, we predicted and found that females used e-mail more than did males, males used the Web more than did females, and females reported more computer anxiety, less computer self-efficacy, and less favorable and less stereotypic computer attitudes. Path analysis to identify mediators of gender differences in Internet use revealed that computer self-efficacy, loneliness, and depression accounted in part for gender differences, but that gender continued to have a direct effect on use after these factors were considered. Implications for realizing the democratizing potential and benefits of Internet use are discussed.

Expression of testosterone-dependent enzyme, carbonic anhydrase III, and oxidative stress in experimental alcoholic liver disease.

We studied the sequential immunohistochemical appearance of androgen-dependent carbonic anhydrase (CA III) during the development of ethanol-induced liver injury using liver samples from castrated and noncastrated male micropigs. In castrated micropigs, the baseline expression of CA III was either low or absent, while distinct positive immunoreactions were found in zone 3 hepatocytes at 5 and 12 months after the initiation of the ethanol diet. The CA III enzyme and protein adducts of lipid peroxidation-derived aldehydic products, malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxynonenal, appeared together in the perivenous region, suggesting that the enzyme functions in an oxidative environment. The positive staining became more abundant and widespread during the progression of alcoholic liver disease. After 12 months, CA III was significantly more abundant in both the ethanol-fed noncastrated and castrated micropigs than in the control animals (P < 0.001, P < 0.05, respectively). CA III content was strikingly high in the ethanol-fed noncastrated animals, consistent with a potential role of androgens in the regulation of ethanol-induced CA III expression. The strongly positive CA III immunoreactions in the ethanol-fed noncastrated micropigs were associated with scant evidence of aldehydic protein adducts and minimal histopathology. Thus, enhanced expression of CA III during ethanol consumption may also account in part for gender differences in the susceptibility for alcohol-induced liver injury.