Part Of Frame Research Articles

Event-Oriented State Alignment Network for Weakly Supervised Temporal Language Grounding.

Weakly supervised temporal language grounding (TLG) aims to locate events in untrimmed videos based on natural language queries without temporal annotations, necessitating a deep understanding of semantic context across both video and text modalities. Existing methods often focus on simple correlations between query phrases and isolated video segments, neglecting the event-oriented semantic coherence and consistency required for accurate temporal grounding. This can lead to misleading results due to partial frame correlations. To address these limitations, we propose the Event-oriented State Alignment Network (ESAN), which constructs "start-event-end" semantic state sets for both textual and video data. ESAN employs relative entropy for cross-modal alignment through knowledge distillation from pre-trained large models, thereby enhancing semantic coherence within each modality and ensuring consistency across modalities. Our approach leverages vision-language models to extract static frame semantics and large language models to capture dynamic semantic changes, facilitating a more comprehensive understanding of events. Experiments conducted on two benchmark datasets demonstrate that ESAN significantly outperforms existing methods. By reducing false high correlations and improving the overall performance, our method effectively addresses the challenges posed by previous approaches. These advancements highlight the potential of ESAN to improve the precision and reliability of temporal language grounding tasks.

Partial frames, their free frames and their congruence frames

The context of this work is that of partial frames; these are meet-semilattices where not all subsets need have joins. A selection function, S, specifies, for all meet-semilattices, certain subsets under consideration, which we call the ``designated'' ones; an S-frame then must have joins of (at least) all such subsets and binary meet must distribute over these. A small collection of axioms suffices to specify our selection functions; these axioms are sufficiently general to include as examples of partial frames, bounded distributive lattices, sigma-frames, kappa-frames and frames. We consider right and left adjoints of S-frame maps, as a prelude to the introduction of closed and open maps. Then we look at what might be an appropriate notion of Booleanness for partial frames. The obvious candidate is the condition that every element be complemented; this concept is indeed of interest, but we pose three further conditions which, in the frame setting, are all equivalent to it. However, in the context of partial frames, the four conditions are distinct. In investigating these, we make essential use of the free frame over a partial frame and the congruence frame of a partial frame. We compare congruences of a partial frame, technically called S-congruences, with the frame congruences of its free frame. We provide a natural transformation for the situation and also consider right adjoints of the frame maps in question. We characterize the case where the two congruence frames are isomorphic and provide examples which illuminate the possible different behaviour of the two. We conclude with a characterization of closedness and openness for the embedding of a partial frame into its free fame, and into its congruence frame.

Closed and Open Maps for Partial Frames

This paper concerns the notions of closed and open maps in the setting of partial frames, which, in contrast to full frames, do not necessarily have all joins. Examples of these include bounded distributive lattices, sigma - and kappa -frames and full frames. We define closed and open maps using geometrically intuitively appealing conditions involving preservation of closed, respectively open, congruences under certain maps. We then characterize them in terms of algebraic identities involving adjoints. We note that partial frame maps need have neither right nor left adjoints whereas frame maps of course always have right adjoints. The embedding of a partial frame in either its free frame or its congruence frame has proved illuminating and useful. We consider the conditions under which these embeddings are closed, open or skeletal. We then look at preservation and reflection of closed or open maps under the functors providing the free frame or the congruence frame. Points arise naturally in the construction of the spectrum functor for partial frames to partial spaces. They may be viewed as maps from the given partial frame to the 2-chain or as certain kinds of filters; using the former description we consider closed and open points. Any point of a partial frame extends naturally to a point on its free frame and a point on its congruence frame; we consider the closedness or openness of these.

Variants of Booleanness: Congruences of a partial frame versus those of its free frame

Abstract This paper concerns notions of Booleanness in the setting of partial frames, which, in contrast to full frames, do not necessarily have all joins. Examples of these include bounded distributive lattices, σ- and κ-frames. We provide four distinct conditions which all reduce in the case of full frames to each element having a complement. These concepts depend heavily on the free frame over a partial frame, the congruence frame of a partial frame and the relations between them. We also examine the adjoint situation between the congruences of a partial frame and those of its free frame.

Suggestion of ultimate strength formulas of partial frame pile cap composed of exterior column, foundation beam and pile

Currently, there is no research and few valid experiments of pile caps. And shear failure mechanism of a pile, exterior column and foundation beam and pile caps in RC structure is not resolved yet under bi-lateral loading. Therefore, a performance evaluation method based on mechanical behaviour for pile caps has not been established. First, the fracture type was specified from the experimental results. Secondary, the ultimate strength formula of the pile cap was proposed based on the previous experimental results. It is a theoretical formula based on the truss-arch theory. It was confirmed that this formula can accurately evaluate the ultimate strength of the pile cap.

A look at the structure of congruence frames by means of Heyting congruences

This paper concerns the congruence frame in the setting of partial frames, which, in contrast to full frames, do not necessarily have all joins. Examples of these include bounded distributive lattices, σ- and κ-frames. A new class of congruences, called Heyting congruences, helps to illuminate the structure of these congruence frames. Defining these involves the very useful free frame over a partial frame. We investigate the relationship between Heyting congruences and co-atoms of the congruence frame, showing how different the cases of full and partial frames can be. The Madden congruence, which yields the least dense quotient, is recognized as a particular Heyting congruence. While the collection of all Heyting congruences on a partial frame is in general not even a meet-semilattice, joining each of them with the Madden congruence results in a collection with considerably more interesting structure.

EFFECT OF ANCHORAGE REBARS APPLYING TO MID-STORY PIN COLUMN BASE CONNECTION ON STRESS TRANSFER MECHANISM AND ULTIMATE SHEAR STRENGTH UNDER HORIZONTAL FORCE

Mid-story pin column system has been proposed to realize beam yielding mechanism of a steel moment-resisting frame. In this system, a pin connection system is applied inbetween the upper steel column and the lower RC column extended from the base beam to control moment demands on both ends of the first story column. An exposed-type column base has been adopted as a pin connection connected by a single anchor bolt. Static cyclic horizontal loading tests of a partial frame consisting of the first story column and the second floor beams showed a frame with the proposed column base system exhibited stable hysteresis performance up to a story drift angle of 0.05 rad, remaining column in elastic. In addition, the RC column with the connection of a single anchor bolt exhibited slippage at the connection while this problem was solved when an anchor bolt was stiffened by cross-shaped four shear plates. A cover plate was also welded on the top of the shear plates to cover the top surface of the RC column from bearing pressure of the upper steel column. An anchor bolt with the welded plates are called an anchor bolt set, or ABS, hereinafter. Ensuring a reliable seismic performance of an upper steel frame, damages at the proposed connection have to be minimized. So far, compressive stress transfer mechanism was clarified, and the ultimate compressive strength of the connection was evaluated in the previous study.

Partial Gabor frames and dual frames

The theory of Gabor frames has been extensively investigated. This paper addresses partial Gabor systems. We introduce the concepts of partial Gabor system, frame and dual frame. We present some conditions for a partial Gabor system to be a partial Gabor frame, and using these conditions, we characterize partial dual frames. We also give some examples. It is noteworthy that the density theorem does not hold for general partial Gabor systems.

Perturbation and construction of almost self‐located robust frames with applications to erasure recovery

In the frame theory, stability is one of the most important properties of frames. In this paper, we investigate the stability of the almost self‐located robust frames, which can reconstruct signals from its unordered partial frame coefficients. We give conditions on the stability of almost self‐located robustness of frames in erasure recovery. We prove that the property of almost self‐located robustness is preserved with respect to an invertible operator, and consequently, every almost self‐robust frame can be transformed into an almost self‐located robust Parseval frame by using a special invertible transformation. We also present some construction methods of almost self‐located robust frames. In particular, we show that every frame can be rescaled to an almost self‐located frame after adding a suitable vector.

The Trigger and Termination Scheme for the Event Mode of the Lyman-alpha Solar Telescope (LST) onboard the ASO-S Mission

The Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory (ASO-S) is the China's first comprehensive solar dedicated satellite, scheduled to be launched around 2022. The Lyman-alpha (Lyα) Solar Telescope (LST) is one of the payloads of the ASO-S, consisting of three scientific instruments and two Guide Telescopes (GTs). The scientific instruments include a Solar Disk Imager (SDI), a White-light Solar Telescope (WST), and a Solar Corona Imager (SCI), which are aimed to observe the whole evolving process of two types of violent eruptions on the Sun, i.e., solar flares and coronal mass ejections, in multiwavelengths with high temporal and spatial resolutions. To achieve this goal, all LST instruments have included an observation mode (event mode) dedicated to event observations. In this mode, all instruments take images at a higher cadence (the SCI takes full-frame coronal images while SDI and WST take only partial frame images around the eruption region). The time and location information of the eruption events can be effectively obtained by monitoring the local brightness enhancement of the onboard images processed with median filtering and pixel rebinning. The obtained information will provide an important electronic input for the automatic switching between different observation modes of LST.

Anchorless implant for the treatment of advanced anterior and apical vaginal prolapse – Medium term follow up

Objectiveto evaluate the mid-term safety and efficacy of a surgical technique using an anchorless implant. Study designThis is a prospective study. Women with symptomatic POP were recruited. The technique involved placement of an open trapezoid-shaped frame which retains a polypropylene mesh stretched within its parameter. No fixation techniques used. Demographic data and pre-operative quality of life (QoL) questionnaires were collected. Peri-operative data were documented. Patients were followed at 2, 6, 12, 24 and 36 months. Follow-up included repeated QoL questionnaires, Pelvic Organ Prolapse- Quantification (POP-Q) measurements and assessment for possible complications. ResultsSeventy women were recruited. Mean age was 63.1 years, mean parity was 4.6 deliveries. Mean pre-operative POP-Q were Ba = 3.1 (-1 to 6) cm and C = 0.4 (-8 to 6) cm. No intra-operative complications were observed. Surgical time averaged 24.7 min. Estimated blood loss averaged 155 cc. Mean follow up at last visit was 27.7 months. Two patients (2.8 %) underwent partial frame resection and two patients (2.8 %) underwent a TVT-O for de-novo stress urinary incontinence (SUI). At follow-up, the mean POP-Q were Ba= -2.8 (-3 to -1) cm and C = -6.8 (-10 to 1) cm. Two patients (2.8 %) had recurrent prolapse. One was symptomatic and received treatment. No mesh erosion or chronic pelvic pain were documented. Pelvic Function Distress Inventory (PFDI20) scores showed significant improvement. Thirty-eight (54 %) patients completed the Pelvic organ prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire (PISQ12) showing no chronic dyspareunia. ConclusionThe Self Retaining Support (SRS) implant provides 97 % subjective and 94.3 % objective cure. Two patients (2.8 %) had the implant’s frame removed surgically. The SRS is a safe and effective treatment for pelvic organ prolapse.

Compactifications and reflections of partial spaces via partial frames

The essential idea for a partial frame is that it should be “frame-like” but that not all joins need exist; only certain joins have guaranteed existence and binary meets should distribute over these joins. The guaranteed joins are specified in a global way on the category of meet-semilattices by specifying what is called a selection function.In this paper, partial spaces are the primary object of interest. A partial space is a set together with a collection of its subsets that forms a partial frame under intersection and union.We consider lower and higher separation axioms; we note, for instance, that much of the classical behavior of regularity can be recovered by using a partial frame approach.Using the adjunction between partial spaces and partial frames, one can define the important class of sober partial spaces as those fixed by the adjunction. These play an important role in this study, since the classical result that Hausdorff spaces are sober does not hold in the partial setting.We construct the regular coreflection for partial frames and exploit this to provide a regular reflection for partial spaces. Similar constructions suffice to produce completely regular and zero-dimensional reflections.Finally, turning to compactness, we provide compactifications and zero-dimensional compactifications for partial spaces.

Definitive Obturator for Class IV Maxillary Defect with Cast Retainers -A Case Report

Retention, stability & support are three important factors which determine the basic objectives, success and comfort of any removable prosthesis.In acquired surgical maxillary defects; the degree of impairment, size and location of the defect influences the outcome of the overall prosthetic overhaul.Prosthetic therapy with obturator closes the defect by re-establishing the oro-nasal separation, thereby, improving deglutition, speech and hypernasality. After maxillectomy, 3-6 months after surgery,patients with class 4 maxillary defects complains of frequent loosening of temporary prosthesis due to more amount of tissue changes, dimensional stabilization of surgical site, more loss of mucogingival support and rapid healing changes. As a result, there is an every chance of endangerment with the use of temporary prosthesis and allow the patients in seeking the definitive prosthesis over interim prosthesis. In this regard, designing of cast partial metal frame work with linear configuration for class 4 maxillary defects enhances the quality and comfort of the definitive prosthesis over conventional acrylic prosthesis. This article mainly describes the fundamental designing technique in improving the retention, stability and support of the definitive prosthesis with cast retainers.

Partial frames and filter spaces

In general topology, filters have proved a popular tool for the construction of completions. In pointfree topology, downsets are frequently employed for the same purpose. Indeed, any downset frame can be viewed as the topology of the space of filters on that frame. In this paper we consider such ideas in the setting of partial frames; these are meet-semilattices where, in contrast with frames, not all subsets need have joins; a so-called selection function specifies those subsets that must have joins. We have made use of the lattice of certain kinds of downsets in several situations; to understand the spatial aspect of these downsets, we are led naturally to consider the notion of partial spaces as a generalization of topological spaces. We establish an adjunction between partial frames and partial spaces which restricts to an equivalence between spatial partial frames and sober partial spaces, and then obtain the desired result that the appropriate collection of downsets is isomorphic to the collection of opens of an appropriate filter space. Both the filter space and the downset partial frame construction are functorial; and the two functors are linked by two natural isomorphisms that involve the open and spectrum functors for partial spaces and partial frames.Next we consider questions of spatiality for the congruence frame of a partial frame. Quotients for frames can be provided using nuclei or congruences but in the setting of partial frames nuclei do not suffice, whereas congruences do. Whether the congruence lattice of a partial frame is itself a frame or not depends on the axioms assumed for the selection function under consideration: if at least all finite subsets are selected, the congruence lattice is indeed a frame. For such, we characterize the spatiality of the frame of all congruences on a partial frame in terms of its quotients.

BOLTED CONNECTIONS FOR NON-INTERSECTING H-SECTION BEAM AND COLUMN IN STEEL MOMENT FRAMES

This research proposes connection configurations of two types for non-intersecting H-section steel beam and column. To elucidate the mechanical behavior of the proposed connections, full-scale moment connection tests and finite element analyses were conducted using T-shaped partial frame models. Comparisons between the proposed connections and regular intersecting connections demonstrate that the proposed connection is able to provide sufficient stiffness and energy-dissipation capacity if the beam and column flanges are designed to provide sufficient shear resistance. Then to understand the global behavior of frames using the proposed connections, pushover analyses of a two-story two-span frame were conducted. Because the bending moment of the beam acts on the column by a torque through the proposed connections, torsion spring models were incorporated for representing the proposed connections in 3D frame analysis. Analysis results showed that the girders and columns exhibited lower stiffness and strength than those of frames with intersecting connections because of torsion. To overcome this issue, torsion restraint by secondary beams with different configurations was discussed and optimal configuration was suggested. By utilizing the optimal configuration, torsion of girders and columns can be efficiently reduced into a similar level as that of regular intersecting connections.

Jacobians with prescribed eigenvectors

Let Ω⊂Rn be open and let R be a partial frame on Ω; that is, a set of m linearly independent vector fields prescribed on Ω (m≤n). We consider the issue of describing the set of all maps F:Ω→Rn with the property that each of the given vector fields is an eigenvector of the Jacobian matrix of F. By introducing a coordinate independent definition of the Jacobian, we obtain an intrinsic formulation of the problem, which leads to an overdetermined PDE system, whose compatibility conditions can be expressed in an intrinsic, coordinate independent manner. To analyze this system we formulate and prove a generalization of the classical Frobenius integrability theorems. The size and structure of the solution set of this system depends on the properties of the partial frame; in particular, whether or not it is in involution. A particularly nice subclass of involutive partial frames, called rich frames, can be completely analyzed. The involutive, non-rich case is somewhat harder to handle. We provide a complete answer in the case of m=3 and arbitrary n, as well as some general results for arbitrary m. The non-involutive case is far more challenging, and we only obtain a comprehensive analysis in the case n=3, m=2. Finally, we provide explicit examples illustrating the various possibilities.

Assessment of the fit of partial frame fabricated by SLS 3D printer

Assessment of the fit of partial frame fabricated by SLS 3D printer

The congruence frame and the Madden quotient for partial frames

Nuclei and prenuclei have proved popular for providing quotients in frame theory; moreover the collection of all nuclei is itself a frame with useful functorial properties. Another natural approach to quotients in the frame setting, much used by algebraists, uses congruences as a tool. In partial frames, nuclei no longer suffice for constructing quotients, but congruences do, and it is to these that we turn in this paper. Partial frames are meet-semilattices in which not all subsets need have joins; a selection function, \(\mathcal {S}\), specifies, for all meet-semilattices, certain subsets under consideration; an \(\mathcal {S}\)-frame then must have joins of all such subsets and binary meet must distribute over these. Examples of these are \(\sigma \)-frames, \(\kappa \)-frames and frames themselves. The first part of this paper investigates the structure and functorial properties of the congruence frame of a partial frame; the second constructs the least dense quotient, which we call the Madden quotient, in three different ways. We include some functoriality properties in the subcategory of partial frames with skeletal maps.

Increasing Denture Retention using Compound Denture Technique – A Case Report

Background: Treating missing tooth with denture, in some cases, still leave the patient unfulfilled. Good mastication and retention are the main considerations especially for those who require more retentions. In some cases, combination of partial and fixed denture the best approach to achieve better functional and retention results. Purpose: To report compound denture procedures with good mastication and retention as the main considerations. Case: A 43-year-old male patient reported a complaint of chewing difficulty due to missing right upper front teeth caused by work accident and extracted posterior. Patient wanted to wear partial denture to regain good mastication. Case management: Compound denture was chosen to optimize the remaining teeth for better functional and aesthetic. Zirconia all ceramic fixed dentures were fabricated on 13, 14, 15 with an occlusal rest on 13 and 15. Pontic on the 14 used ridge lap design. Discussion: Compound denture is a combination of removable and fixed denture where a minor connector of a removable denture should involve a fixed denture. Fixed denture shall be fabricated first and then removable denture. Conclusion: The definitive restoration of this case was compound denture, which is a combination of partial denture metal frame and fixed denture to restore the good mastication and retention.

Meet-Semilattice Congruences on a Frame

The congruence lattice of a frame has long been an object of considerable interest, not least because it turns out to be a frame itself. Perhaps more surprisingly congruence lattices of, for instance, $$\sigma $$ -frames, $$\kappa $$ -frames and some partial frames also turn out to be frames. The situation for congruences of a meet-semilattice is notably different. In this paper we analyze the meet-semilattice congruence lattices of arbitrary frames and compare them with the corresponding lattices of frame congruences. In the course of this, we provide a structure theorem as well as many examples and counter-examples.