Decorative Parts Research Articles

Polymer Concretes Based on Thermosetting Polymers: Technological, Physical, Mechanical Properties and Use in Construction

The article provides an analytical review of the main problems and prospects for the use and introduction of polymer concrete in modern construction industries. It was found that due to high plasticity, low porosity and the ability to quickly gain strength, polymer concretes are used for the manufacture of decorative products of small architecture, structural load-bearing and decorative overhead parts, decorative paving tiles and paving stones, products for hydrotechnical purposes, etc. by methods of vibration molding and casting. The classification of polymer concretes used in modern construction industries is provided, as well as an idea of the properties of the most popular polymer concretes based on thermosetting polymers – furan, epoxy and polyester. The advantages and disadvantages of known polymer concretes and the main promising directions of implementation for the manufacture of building products and structures are given. Attention is focused on the influence of the qualitative and quantitative composition of polymer concrete, the nature of the thermosetting polymer binder, the type of fillers and aggregates, the terms of hardening, the degree of polymerization on the most important physical, mechanical and technological properties of the finished materials.

Knowledge-Driven and Diffusion Model-Based Methods for Generating Historical Building Facades: A Case Study of Traditional Minnan Residences in China

The preservation of historical traditional architectural ensembles faces multifaceted challenges, and the need for facade renovation and updates has become increasingly prominent. In conventional architectural updating and renovation processes, assessing design schemes and the redesigning component are often time-consuming and labor-intensive. The knowledge-driven method utilizes a wide range of knowledge resources, such as historical documents, architectural drawings, and photographs, commonly used to guide and optimize the conservation, restoration, and management of architectural heritage. Recently, the emergence of artificial intelligence-generated content (AIGC) technologies has provided new solutions for creating architectural facades, introducing a new research paradigm to the renovation plans for historic districts with their variety of options and high efficiency. In this study, we propose a workflow combining Grasshopper with Stable Diffusion: starting with Grasshopper to generate concise line drawings, then using the ControlNet and low-rank adaptation (LoRA) models to produce images of traditional Minnan architectural facades, allowing designers to quickly preview and modify the facade designs during the renovation of traditional architectural clusters. Our research results demonstrate Stable Diffusion’s precise understanding and execution ability concerning architectural facade elements, capable of generating regional traditional architectural facades that meet architects’ requirements for style, size, and form based on existing images and prompt descriptions, revealing the immense potential for application in the renovation of traditional architectural groups and historic districts. It should be noted that the correlation between specific architectural images and proprietary term prompts still requires further addition due to the limitations of the database. Although the model generally performs well when trained on traditional Chinese ancient buildings, the accuracy and clarity of more complex decorative parts still need enhancement, necessitating further exploration of solutions for handling facade details in the future.

Research on the influence of vehicle durability vibration on gap flush of exterior trim parts

Maintaining the newness of a vehicle is currently significant concern for users and vehicle companies. The gap difference between interior and exterior trims plays a crucial role in the overall appearance of vehicles. Over time, the gap and flush parameters of these trims may change due to the movement of components, putting forward higher requirements for the assembly accuracy and reliability design of automotive products. This article presents a study where a test car is subjected to endurance vibration on a wheel-coupled vibration bench. Through measuring the changes in gaps and flushes between the exterior trim parts at different endurance mileage intervals, the variation patterns are obtained. Using dimensional engineering technology, the effects of durable vibration on the gaps and flushes of the vehicle's exterior trim parts were determined. This study provides a foundation for the design of new interior and exterior decoration parts in automobiles. It also offers valuable insights for product design, development, and quality improvement. Problems can be predicted in advance in the early stage of design, and closely coordinate various aspects of production and manufacturing to obtain products with higher standards, requirements, and quality.

Exploration of Ethnomathematics Houses Malay ‘Limas Potong’ The Batam Islands of Riau

Ethnomathematics is the study of how a group of individuals in a particular culture understand, communicate, and use cultural ideas and practices that researchers identify as mathematics. To return cultural heritage of traditional house in Batam, Riau Islands, and to further explore the idea of mathematical geometry inherent in the traditional house, so this research aims to explore the ethnomathematics in the Malay Traditional House 'Limas Potong'. This study applied a qualitative approach that was conducted in the Malay Traditional House 'Limas Potong', specifically in the Kampung Melayu neighborhood of Batam City's Nongsa District in the Riau Archipelago. The data used in this research was obtained from these explorations or already-published articles. Observation, interviews, and documentation were used as data collection methods. In this research, data analysis was carried out in two stages: data analysis in the field and data combining. According to the research findings, each decorative and structural part of the Malay Traditional House 'Limas Potong' incorporates mathematical ideas in geometrical shapes and components. Measurement, architectural design, mathematics learning, and application of learning are all related to ethnomathematics in the Malay Traditional House 'Limas Potong'. The construction of the Malay Traditional House 'Limas Potong' can be utilized as a learning resource for students, especially in geometry material, according to some mathematical ideas contained in the structure of the traditional house. Ethnomathematics exploration will inspire teachers to make this a new alternative to developing creativity in students' mathematics learning.

The modeling pastes of the monumental terracruda sculpture of the Silk Roads: Archaeometric study of the Tepe Narenj and Qol‐e‐tut examples (Kabul, Afghanistan)

AbstractThis paper presents the results of the mineralogical, petrographic and chemical study of different archaeological samples related to terracruda sculptures and other elements that were part of the architectural decoration of the Buddhist sites of Tepe Narenj and Qol‐e‐tut (Kabul, Afghanistan; fifth to 11th centuries CE). The main objective of the study was to characterize the samples using an archaeometric approach. The study helped to better understand the materials involved in the modeling of Afghan sculptures and their processing, such as the different nature of the clay layers and the finishing ‘stucco’ coating. The results further indicate that similarities exist among the manufacturing process of the studied samples and that used today by an ancient caste of clay artists in West Bengal (India), suggesting the existence of a continuous technological tradition that deserves to be further explored in the future.

Corrosion Resistance in Artificial Perspiration of Cr-Based Decorative Coatings.

We aim at developing hexavalent chromium-free coatings for frequently touched decorative parts. Cr(N,O) and multilayered CrN/CrO coatings were deposited by means of reactive magnetron sputtering. All samples presented good adhesion to the substrates enhanced by an epoxy layer designed to enhance PVD coating adhesion. Similar substrates are found in the automotive industry and can be used in appliances where a metallic finish is desired by the consumer. Corrosion behavior was induced, using artificial sweat to simulate long exposure to human touch for 96 h. In potentiodynamic polarization tests, the coatings were revealed to be nobler than the substrate alone. Cr displayed a non-existent passivation region, while gCrN exhibited a quick passivation of the surface and its respective breakdown and several current fluctuations, indicating the occurrence of pitting, which was confirmed by SEM micrography after the corrosion. Regarding EIS results, all films depicted a diminution of impedance modulus (|Z|) after 96 h, which indicates a diminution of corrosion resistance against artificial sweat. Nitride films exhibited the worst anticorrosive features. On the other hand, Cr and CrO exhibited the highest |Z| values. These results are corroborated by low the corrosion rates of both coatings. The equivalent electrical circuit allows us to confirm oxide formation in the outermost layer of the films due to electrolyte/surface interaction, indicating a self-protecting mechanism. Nitride films showed the lowest values and less corrosion resistance, confirming the results obtained in polarization potentiodynamic tests. The coatings developed in this work, namely Cr and CrO, showed a promising corrosion resistance behavior that could endure a lifetime of frequent human touch in various decorative applications either automotive or general appliances.

A detection method for the ridge beast based on improved YOLOv3 algorithm

The ridge beast is a beast placed on the ridge of the roof of ancient Chinese buildings, not only has a decorative function, and has a strict hierarchical meaning, the number and form of the ridge beast placed on different levels of buildings are strictly limited. The detection technology of ridge beast decorative parts has important application value in the fields of fine 3D reconstruction of ancient buildings, historical dating and cultural and tourism services. Aiming at the problem of poor detection performance of traditional detection algorithms due to high texture similarity and poor discrimination of ridge beast, this paper proposed an improved YOLOv3 based detection algorithm for ridge beast decorative pieces. In terms of basic network improvement, local features are aggregated to the deep separable convolution internal embedding summation layer, and point convolution is used to connect the channel information of original features and aggregated features, so as to expand the receptive field and learn more diverse features. The residual structure of the feature extraction network was constructed by using the convolution, and the extraction effect of the model on the fine-grained features of the ridge beast was optimized, so that the detection accuracy was improved. In the prediction head improvement of the model, the original linear structure was reconstructed, and the extrusion and excitation modules were introduced to model the channel relationship of multi-scale feature map, which suppressed the response of interference signals and made the feature more directivity. The parallel 1 × 1 and 3 × 3 convolution are used to construct a multi-size convolution structure, which enhances the semantic information extraction ability of the model and further improves the detection effect. Experiments were conducted on the constructed ridge-beast dataset, and the results showed that the mAP of the improved algorithm can reach 86.48%, which is 3.05% higher than YOLO-v3, and the model parameters are reduced by 70%, which has a better detection performance and can provide a reference for the automated detection of ancient building components.

FEATURES OF THE NATIONAL BATIK OF THE WAISHU MIAO PEOPLE FROM THE GUIZHOU PROVINCE (CHINA)

The article analyses Waishu Miao costume characteristics, revealing the place of batik in the culture of Waishu Miao and its artistic characteristics, summarising the history, cultural traditions, religious beliefs and other aspects of the Waishu Miao nationality compressed into batik patterns. The article presents an analysis of the batik fabric painting technique based on the materials from the history of traditional Chinese decorative and applied art. The batik of the Waishu Miao nationality from the Guizhou province (an offshoot of the Miao nationality) is a decorative part of the traditional costume, combining both practical and cultural functions. The author of the article describes Waishu Miao’s male and female clothes and gives basic information about decorative batik fabric painting. The author also analyses batik motifs, ornament themes, their compositions, and explaines the symbolic meaning of ancient decorative elements in geometric and natural patterns. The role of Waishu Miao women in the development and preservation of traditions and beliefs is emphasised.

Development of an Algorithm for Textile Waste Arrangement

With the constant availability of new designs at extremely low prices, the production and disposal of clothing have increased significantly, leading to the need for the sustainable management of processes. The implementation of established craft practices in modern sustainable mass production requires the development and application of software and hardware computer tools as well as production machinery. Although the management of textile waste for interior design articles is addressed in the scientific literature by various techniques, there is still limited data and strategies based on the use of specific algorithms. Therefore, in this research, an algorithm is proposed, with the help of which textile waste resulting from upholstery production can be reused in the creation of interior decoration parts. The algorithm is implemented in the GNU Octave 6.4 programming environment, which makes it easily redistributable and accessible. The algorithm consists of a total of six stages, offering an option for arranging the textile elements and analyzing their color characteristics. The arrangement is performed with a Voronoi diagram, and the colors are represented by a four-color circle. Moreover, data on waste textile fabrics are presented, as well as their application in the conception of interior design elements. The proposed algorithm allows designers to focus on the visual design rather than compatibility checks and constraints. The present paper provides an algorithm for reusing textile wastes, which come in a variety of shapes and colors and are produced throughout the fabric cutting phase of upholstery manufacturing, in order to identify the most optimal combinations in matching irregular waste shapes and combinations of colors, create a suitable pattern for new interior design items, and contribute to improving the sustainable management of textile waste that is produced in considerable amounts.

Křestní čepečky ze sbírky Muzea Vysočiny Pelhřimov v širším kulturním a historickém kontextu

The baptismal cap was the most decorative and costly part of the baptismal garment. It was often given to the mother of the newborn by the grandmother or godmother and often passed down through generations. In families, caps were kept as a precious memento of the earliest period of the childs life, and the reinforced form of many of them undoubtedly contributed to thein preservation. A not very extensive, but nevertheless interesting collection of caps is kept in the Vysočina Museum in Pelhřimov. When examined, it proved necessary to place them in a broader historical and cultural context. The introductory chapters are therefore devoted to the connection between the use of the baptismal cap and the hooded garment, while the next part is devoted primarily to the question of the protective elements that were applied to these headdresses. Due to the abundance of preserved knitted and crocheted caps, one of the chapters also deals with the aforementioned techniques, especially the lace type of knitting. In the last chapter, selected pieces from the Pelhřimov collection are presented, the description of which usually also refers to more general topics related to baptismal caps.

Plasma etching of polycarbonate surfaces for improved adhesion of Cr coatings

Polymers are widely used across multiple industries due to their distinct properties such as low density, tunable flexibility, ease of manufacture, and cost-effectiveness. The metallization of polymers by chromium (Cr) coatings allows such parts to replace decorative metal parts in the automotive industry. Good quality metallized polymer surfaces, however, are challenging to obtain. Several properties of the metal layers must be guaranteed, such as good adhesion, low pinhole and crack defect densities, high brightness, and intrinsic silver color. To overcome these challenges, different plasma etching treatments have been performed on polycarbonate (PC) substrates before the magnetron sputtering deposition of Cr coatings. Parameters such as bias voltage, pressure, and etching time were varied. The best plasma etching treatments in Ar atmosphere significantly improved the Cr coating quality.

Two Manchu-Chinese <i>Gaoming</i> 誥命 Diplomas from the Collection of Nikolay Petrovich Likhachev

Nikolay P. Likhachev (18621936) was an outstanding specialist in diplomacy, sphragistics, numismatics, paleography and codicology of ancient and medieval manuscripts. His collection of various documents was exhibited in the Museum of Paleography that he founded in 1925. The Museum was closed in 1930, and manuscripts in Oriental languages were sent to the forerunner of the present IOM, RAS. Among the documents in Arabic, Syrian, Coptic, Hebrew, Ethiopian, Persian, Armenian, Georgian, Chinese, Mongolian, Tibetan, Japanese and other languages there were two Manchu-Chinese diplomas. The diplomas were acquired by N.P. Likhachev from different people. The first one is dated by 1682, and bestows the civil official Yatu the 4th rank title zhongxian dafu, and his wife from the Tunggo clan a corresponding title. The second diploma is dated by 1881. According to its Chinese text, the patent of nobility is given to the official Wei Zhu and his wife from the Liu clan. The Manchu text of this diploma does not make sense, since it is a combination of disconnected phrases. It could be assumed that it was put into the diploma as a formal, decorative part of an official document which was supposed to be in two languages. The second diploma was issued almost at the end of the Qing empire, when the Manchu language was sometimes used as a formal attribute to the official court documents for the Chinese subjects. This statement is supported by other late Manchu-Chinese diplomas from the collection of the IOM, RAS. The article publishes two Manchu-Chinese diplomas from the collection of N.P. Likhachev with transcription and translation of the texts.

Effect of Extrusion Ratio on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al-0.5Mg-0.4Si-0.1Cu Alloy

Al-0.5Mg-0.4Si-0.1Cu alloy possessing weather resistance and oxidation resistance can obtain good surface quality (metallic luster) without chrome plating. Therefore, it is an important material to replace polluting chrome-plated aluminum profiles for automotive decorative parts. At present, studies about the extrusion process of Al-0.5Mg-0.4Si-0.1Cu alloy are very few, which affects its further application. In this work, the effect of extrusion ratios on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-0.5Mg-0.4Si-0.1Cu alloy is investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and tensile tests. The results showed that the dynamic recrystallization degree of the alloy gradually increased with the extrusion ratio increasing, which is attributed to the driving force provided by the large extrusion ratio. Meanwhile, due to the occurrence of dynamic recrystallization, the texture changed from <111> to <001> orientation. In addition, grains were obviously refined and uniform with the extrusion ratio increasing. Due to the fine grain strengthening mechanism, the tensile strength and elongation of the alloy with an extrusion ratio of 30 reached 152 MPa and 32.4%.

Assessment of Thermochromic Packaging Prints’ Resistance to UV Radiation and Various Chemical Agents

Thermochromic inks, also known as color changing inks, are becoming increasingly important for various applications that range from smart packaging, product labels, security printing, and anti-counterfeit inks to applications such as temperature-sensitive plastics and inks printed onto ceramic mugs, promotional items, and toys. These inks are also gaining more attention as part of textile decorations and can also be found in some artistic works obtained with thermochromic paints, due to their ability to change color when exposed to heat. Thermochromic inks, however, are known to be sensitive materials to the influence of UV radiation, heat fluctuations, and various chemical agents. Given the fact that prints can be found in different environmental conditions during their lifetime, in this work, thermochromic prints were exposed to the action of UV radiation and the influence of different chemical agents in order to simulate different environmental parameters. Hence, two thermochromic inks with different activation temperatures (one being cold and the other being body-heat activated), printed on two food packaging label papers that differ in their surface properties were chosen to be tested. Assessment of their resistance to specific chemical agents was performed according to the procedure described in the ISO 2836:2021 standard. Moreover, the prints were exposed to artificial aging to determine their durability when exposed to UV radiation. All tested thermochromic prints showed low resistance to liquid chemical agents as the color difference values were unacceptable in all cases. It was observed that the stability of thermochromic prints to different chemicals decreases with decreasing solvent polarity. Based on the results obtained after UV radiation, its influence in terms of color degradation is visible on both tested paper substrates, but more significant degradation was observed on the ultra-smooth label paper.

Anatomi Songket Melayu Sarawak Koleksi Jabatan Muzium Sarawak

The structural parts on a piece of songket are important in identifying the type of songket and the designated parts for the decorative motifs. Not much has been written about the topic of Sarawak. Songket in the collection of the Sarawak Museum Department. Documentation and research have been done about the collections but they need to be written and published for public reading. So, the objective of this study is to introduce the names of the decorative parts found in a piece of songket. The research methodology used is field research, literature research and interviews with weaving experts. Three pieces of songket samples from the Sarawak Museum Department collection were selected for analysis. These songkets are in the form of women’s sarung which can also be used as men’s sabok. The findings of this study are used to form a structural framework on the songket based on the perceived perspectives of the researcher and termed as Anatomy of Sarawak Malay Songket (ASMS). It is hoped that this can be used as a reference for Sarawak songket researchers in the future.

Evaluation Method for Shape Similarities between Archaeological Unorganized Point Cloud

Researchers assume that the bodies of several Tara statues may have been molded from the same template. Therefore, researchers are eager to study the shape similarities between the Tara statues. Motivated by the archaeologist's requirements, this study presents an efficient approach to evaluate shape similarities between point clouds of two different Tara statues right-arm models. The evaluation approach consists of two main stages. The first is the reconstruction of individual body parts without decoration using a B-spline surface approximation technique. In previous reconstruction process, the surrounding surface selection parameter was manually specified. If the manually applied parameter is inadequate, it reduces the accuracy of the surface approximation and hole-filling, resulting in reduced accuracy of the evaluation result. Therefore, in this study, the surrounding surface selection parameter is automatically determined based on the Golden-section-search algorithm. The second stage evaluates the shape similarities between two different point clouds. The evaluation method considers a simple point-to-surface distance metric method with overlapping-surface detection and when compared with generic point-to-point distance metric method, the evaluation results proved that the proposed methodology was reliable and effective for this application. The approximation accuracy affects the evaluation result when the reconstruction method fills the gap by adding new points through the approximated surface. Therefore, in this study, the shape similarities were investigated between the two arm models with holes, immediately after separating the decoration parts.

The Application of New Energy Materials in New-energy Vehicle

Climate change is becoming one of the biggest environmental challenges in the 21st century. New-energy vehicle produce less greenhouse gases as compared to the traditional vehicles with internal combustion engines. New energy vehicles have great potential to successfully address the issue of climate change. Additionally, new energy materials can also be used in automotive lightweight technology. This paper discussed the currently lightweight materials including high-strength low-alloy steel (HSLA), carbon fiber composite material, and modified plastics. According to the discussion in this paper, high-strength low-alloy steel can be used in automotive safety parts, chassis, and body. Carbon fiber composite materials can be used in car bodies, chassis, roofs, doors, head covers, hoods, rear wings, center consoles, trim strips, drive shafts, leaf springs, frames, brake pads, interior and exterior accessories. Modified plastics can be mainly used in exterior decorative parts, interior decorative parts, functional parts, and structural parts. However, three are still many drawbacks of application of new energy materials in new-energy vehicle. The current new energy materials used in automotive lightweight technology are usually costly and time-consuming. Moreover, the characteristics of the new energy materials are still not clear. It could have a negative impact on the environment. Before this technology can be widely used in new-energy vehicles, more research is needed regarding the new energy materials.

Research on Influence of Comprehensive Material Painting on Modern Soft Outfit Decorative Picture

Decorative painting is an important part of modern soft decoration. Among them, the decorative hanging pictures can convey the customer's taste with a small wall area and provide a beautiful and delicate decorative feeling for the space. Customized wall painting focuses on theme expression, which can not only create the overall atmosphere of the space according to customer needs, but also play the role of aesthetic decoration. The special picture effects such as texture feeling, color and material combination in comprehensive material painting provide ideas and methods for modern soft decoration painting.

중국 전통 문양 분석 및 현대가구의 응용에 관한 연구

In this study, the most typical plant pattern among traditional patterns was used as a decorative element of modern furniture as a detailed expression element. The purpose of this study is to reinterpret the artistic characteristics of traditional plant patterns in a modern sense and to develop furniture designs in which plant patterns are reflected in a modern image. If you inherit the art culture of ancient traditional patterns and refer to them, you will be able to better express the spirit and traditional cultural features of your home country in modern furniture design. This provides a rationale for making good use of the characteristics of traditional plant patterns in modern furniture design. In this study, the application method of traditional plant patterns to the development of modern furniture design was studied through investigation and analysis of various aspects such as pattern style, decorative parts, number of patterns, and processing technology according to the aesthetic demands of modern people. This study conducted an online survey targeting 200 participants. In terms of pattern style, decorative parts, number of patterns, and processing technology according to aesthetic demand, it was found that traditional plant patterns fit the trend and have a correct influence. Through this study, it will be possible to find out the problems faced by modern furniture using traditional plant patterns and the direction of development of traditional plant patterns in modern furniture design.

Innovative Application of Nano-Organic Photochromic New Materials in Hakka Traditional Decorative Pattern Design

Hakka traditional decorative patterns are the epitome of local life and production customs, politics and economy, culture and art and other history and culture. The themes of Hakka traditional decorative patterns come from the real world or the imaginary world, expressing the expectation and beautiful vision of life. At the same time, it is also the essence of artists accumulated through life in the past dynasties, which has a certain impact on the integration of modern art design and traditional culture. Photochromic materials have the characteristics of reversible color change under the action of light. They have relevant applications in many fields, such as architecture, currency anti-counterfeiting, clothing decoration and so on. Firstly, this paper briefly expounds the Hakka traditional culture. According to the introduction of Hakka traditional culture, this paper leads to the design of Hakka traditional decorative patterns based on Hakka traditional culture, and discusses the decorative technology, decorative parts, application scope and development history of Hakka traditional decorative patterns. Secondly, this paper briefly summarizes the photochromic materials, and leads to the category, principle and mechanism of organic photochromic materials. In this paper, electrospinning technology is introduced, and relevant experiments are designed. The results show that the composites with MAPE have better flexural, compressive and impact strength when the length of carbon nanofibers changes consistently. In the bending performance comparison experiment, the experimental data show that the lowest value of the group with MAPE is 15MPa higher than the highest value without MAPE. In the comparative test of compressive properties, the experimental data show that there is a difference of 30MPa between the composites with MAPE and those without MAPE. Moreover, when the length of carbon nanofibers is 40um, the overall performance of the composites is the best. This paper takes the design of Hakka traditional architectural decoration pattern with nano organic photochromic new materials as an experiment. Experiments show that nano organic photochromic new materials have better properties than traditional building materials in flexural modulus, compressive modulus and thermal stability.