Part Of Arch Research Articles

Geological structure of the Right-bank part of the Astrakhan arch

Geological structure of the Right-bank part of the Astrakhan arch

Оценка нефтенасыщенности в переходной зоне низкопроницаемых коллекторов тюменской свиты месторождений Сургутского свода

In this paper there were examined issues of studying the filtration-volumetric properties of low-permeable reservoirs22of the JS geologic horizon of the Tyumen formation for assessing oil saturation in the transition zone and determining22the position of the oil-water contact level in order to improve the efficiency of modeling the JS geologic horizon andcalculating oil reserves. The main fields and deposits in the study area are unevenly distributed and generally gravitate towards the slopes of large positive structures. Significant oil accumulations of the Tyumen formationwere discovered in the deposits of the central part, western, eastern and southeastern flanks of the Surgut arch, which are characterized by a significant difference in well flow rates from fractions to tens of cubic meters per day.

Геологические модели и перспективы нефтегазоносности территории восточной части Красноленинского свода

Геологические модели и перспективы нефтегазоносности территории восточной части Красноленинского свода

Incidence of Aberrant Right Subclavian Artery in General Population

Objective: The existence of an anomalous right subclavian artery is the most significant aortic arch defect. Dysphagia, wheezing, stridor, and other symptoms may occur if this vessel pressures the neighbouring structures. The goal of this study is to find out how common ARSA is based on CT scans of the thorax and neck (plain and contrast).
 Method: Between January 1st and December 31st, 2020, 1122 patients had CT Thorax/neck scans, and the data were evaluated. The origin of the ARSA, the vessel's path, and the Kommerell diverticulum were all assessed. We looked at the literature to see how important ARSA is in clinical practise.
 Results: ARSA was found in eight of 1122 patients. All of the ARSAs in these eight individuals began at the posterior part of the aortic arch and travelled via the retroesophageal path to the thoracic outlet. All eight ARSA were found in the front part of the thoracic vertebral bodies, from the first to the fourth.
 Conclusion: Other clinical symptoms such as dysphagia, dyspnea, retrosternal discomfort, cough, and weight loss must be differentiated from compression of surrounding tissues by an abnormal right subclavian artery.

Anterior open bite - diagnostics and therapy.

An anterior open bite (AOB) is an occlusal disorder that causes the patient both an aesthetic and functional handicap. The lower third of the face is disproportionately larger. Patients are unable to properly occlude with the anterior part of dental arch and occlusion only happens in the premolar and/or molar regions. An anterior open bite may be the result of anatomical anomalies. Long term stability as well as an immediate outcome of the surgery depends on the choice of asuitable treatment strategy. In this article, we review options of AOB treatment, from classical orthodontic treatment to current combined orthodontic and surgical approach with abenefit of an anchor system.

From Stone to Dust: The Life of the Kufic-Inscribed Frieze of Wuqro Cherqos in Tigray, Ethiopia

Abstract Until 2010 (when it was broken by a tourist), a curious Kufic-inscribed sandstone block greeted those who entered the narthex of the eleventh-century church of Wuqro Cherqos in East Tigray, Ethiopia. My paper identifies the origin of this misunderstood fragment and presents it in the longue durée, from its architectural placement as part of an inscribed arch in the great mosque of a Fatimid trading colony to its medieval spoliation and use as a chancel arch in the church of Wuqro Cherqos, after northern Ethiopia emerged as a centralized power under the Zagwe dynasty. As the chancel in Wuqro Cherqos, the stone took on new meaning as a luxurious liturgical threshold, complementing the Egyptian and Indian silks that hung alongside it. After the arch came apart in the late 1990s, I show how modern Ethiopian scholars promoted the remaining Arabic-inscribed fragment as an ancient Ethiopian inscription. The life story of this stone fragment reveals a larger picture of Islam’s changing reception in Ethiopia from the Middle Ages to the twenty-first century.

High-Resolution, 3D Imaging of the Zebrafish Gill-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (GIALT) Reveals a Novel Lymphoid Structure, the Amphibranchial Lymphoid Tissue.

The zebrafish is extensively used as an animal model for human and fish diseases. However, our understanding of the structural organization of its immune system remains incomplete, especially the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (MALTs). Teleost MALTs are commonly perceived as diffuse and scattered populations of immune cells throughout the mucosa. Yet, structured MALTs have been recently discovered in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.), including the interbranchial lymphoid tissue (ILT) in the gills. The existence of the ILT was only recently identified in zebrafish and other fish species, highlighting the need for in-depth characterizations of the gill-associated lymphoid tissue (GIALT) in teleosts. Here, using 3-D high-resolution microscopy, we analyze the GIALT of adult zebrafish with an immuno-histology approach that reveals the organization of lymphoid tissues via the labeling of T/NK cells with an antibody directed to a highly conserved epitope on the kinase ZAP70. We show that the GIALT in zebrafish is distributed over at least five distinct sub-regions, an organization found in all pairs of gill arches. The GIALT is diffuse in the pharyngeal part of the gill arch, the interbranchial septum and the filaments/lamellae, and structured in two sub-regions: the ILT, and a newly discovered lymphoid structure located along each side of the gill arch, which we named the Amphibranchial Lymphoid Tissue (ALT). Based on RAG2 expression, neither the ILT nor the ALT constitute additional thymi. The ALT shares several features with the ILT such as presence of abundant lymphoid cells and myeloid cells embedded in a network of reticulated epithelial cells. Further, the ILT and the ALT are also a site for T/NK cell proliferation. Both ILT and ALT show structural changes after infection with Spring Viraemia of Carp Virus (SVCV). Together, these data suggest that ALT and ILT play an active role in immune responses. Comparative studies show that whereas the ILT seems absent in most neoteleosts (“Percomorphs”), the ALT is widely present in cyprinids, salmonids and neoteleosts, suggesting that it constitutes a conserved tissue involved in the protection of teleosts via the gills.

ВАСКУЛЯРИЗАЦИЯ СЕРДЦА У НОРКИ АМЕРИКАНСКОЙ

The heart of the American mink is oval in shape, it receives blood supply from the coronal right (d=2 mm) and left arteries (d=1 mm) coming from the ascending part of the aortic arch. The cranial border of the heart is located at the level of 6-7 ribs, and its tip is directed to the left, lies in the region of 8-10 intercostal space. By the nature of the branching of the coronary arteries, the heart of the mink has a left-ventricular type of vascularization, since the left coronary artery feeds most of the organ with blood.

Potential-productive intervals determination of the Tutleim formation in the central part of the Krasnoleninsky arch

The article presents the results of the Tutleim formation complex studies of core from 16 wells drilled on an area of 900 km2 near the Kamennaya crest of the Krasnoleninsky arch. The area is characterized by the variability of the structural plan, preserved from the time of deposits sedimentation, that might affect the structure of formation. Regionally traceable lithological units were used to describe different types of sections, which were firmly recorded on the core and on the logs. The article presents the results of the sections correlation, that shows the variability of the Tutleim formation through the area, identifies typical sections for the submerged, slope and crestal parts of the investigated field. The section may contain two reservoir intervals of different types: radiolarite and siliceous-phosphate layers with average porosity values of 7% and 15%, respectively. The radiolarite layers form the main potential-productive intervals, that are found in all types of sections on one or two stratigraphic levels: in the crestal sections only in the third unit, in the slope and submerged sections – in the first, second and third units. The phosphorite layer in the fifth unit is a characteristic singularity only of the crestal sections. The obtained results allow predicting the distribution of the potential-productive intervals of the Tutleim formation and its stratigraphic analogues in different areas with higher accuracy.

A Computed Tomographic Study to Document Anatomical Variations of First Cervical Vertebra: Prevalence, Classification and Possible Clinical Implications

Background - First cervical vertebra has different anatomical features as compared to other cervical vertebrae. It holds globe of skull and lacks body and spine. It is composed of 2 lateral masses linked by anterior and posterior arches. Posterior atlanto-occipital membrane is attached to posterior arch. Lateral edge of this membrane sometimes ossifies thus converting groove into canal. Consequently, neurovascular groove gets converted into a bony ring “ponticulus posticus”. It is considered as potential cause of neck pain and headache. Knowledge of this variation is important during procedures like instrumentation of atlas including C1 lateral mass screw placement which requires mobilization of C2 nerve root and screw insertion inferior to bony arch of atlas directly into lateral mass. In patients with ponticulus posticus, if not identified pre-operatively may give impression of wide bony arch for screw placement, which may result in vertebral artery injury due to a breach of this variation. Congenital defects of atlantal arch a developmental failure of chondrogenesis is a rare anomaly. These defects are a benign variation discovered incidentally. Detection of these anomalies is clinically important as they can cause acute neurologic deficits, which is associated with neck extension. Currarino et al proposed classification of posterior arch anomalies Type A Failure of posterior midline fusion of the 2 hemi arches. Type B Unilateral cleft. Type C Bilateral cleft with persistent dorsal part of arch. Type D Absence of posterior arch with persistent posterior tubercle. Type E Absence of entire posterior arch Objective Objectives this study is to find the prevalence of Ponticulus posticus Congenital anomalies of atlantal arch and classify them Material and Method- 250 computerized tomography (CT) head and neck in axial and sagittal sections from Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) of Dr RMLIMS, Lucknow was studied as CT is the best method to study the bony landmarks and any anomaly. Prevalence of variations was calculated. Data was analyzed statistically using SPSS version 21 by Chi-square test. Result- Prevalence of ponticulus posticus was 32.4%. Males had higher prevalence (20.4%) than females (12%). Incomplete ponticulus posticus (24.4%) was more than complete variant (8%). There was predominance of left sided ponticulus posticus(12% vs 8.4%) Deficient posterior arch was found in 9(3.6%) cases. 6 were of type A 3 were of type B. Conclusion- This study will help in determining cause of neurological deficit in patients due to presence of above variations. Significance Accurate evaluation of anatomic landmarks in patient with migraine or neck ache is important because changes in anatomy of atlas may be index pointing towards underlying disease process like vertebrobasilar insufficiency. Asymmetrical deviations of atlas in form, size, shape, and contour are often multiple and confusing. Therefore, they must not only be studied with care and precision and meticulously recorded. In our future project we plan to carry out computed tomographic study to find association of these variations in patients with migraine and cervical pain.

Неповоротний гортанний нерв, обумовлений аномальним ходом правої підключичної артерії (arteria lusoria), у пацієнтки з рецидивуючим папілярним тиреоїдним раком: перший в Україні документований клінічний випадок

Актуальність. Аберантна права підключична артерія (аrteria lusoria, AL) є рідкісною судинною аномалією дуги аорти в людини, що спостерігається з частотою 0,1–2,5 % та має важливе клінічне значення через поєднану аномалію ходу нижнього гортанного нерва (неповоротний гортанний нерв, НГН), імовірність пошкодження якого в тиреоїдній хірургії різко зростає. Уперше в Україні детально описаний клінічний випадок передопераційної діагностики AL, інтраопераційної ідентифікації НГН та проаналізований сучасний стан розробки питання. Мета: на прикладі історії пролікованої пацієнтки з папілярним тиреоїдним раком та аналізу світової літератури показати важливість дослідження анатомії дуги аорти з імовірним утворенням AL, що, у свою чергу, викликає ембріональне аномальне формування НГН із високим ризиком його пошкодження при операціях на щитоподібній залозі. Матеріали та методи. Наведений випадок рецидивуючого папілярного раку щитоподібної залози в молодої жінки, яка була двічі оперована (тотальна тиреоїдектомія з лівобічною радикальною дисекцією шиї, правобічна латеральна та центральна редисекція шиї), перед другою операцією при комп’ютерній томографії виявлена аномалія правої підключичної артерії. Запідозрена наявність правобічного НГН, що було підтверджено під час операції за допомогою електрофізіологічного нейромоніторингу. Аналіз відповідної світової літератури засвідчив актуальність питання, відсутність вітчизняних аналогів. Результати. На підставі отриманих при комп’ютерній томографії (із 3D-реконструкцією великих судинних структур шиї) зображень було встановлене аберантне відгалуження правої підключичної артерії від дистальної частини дуги аорти— AL. Було припущене існування нервової аномалії— НГН праворуч. Шляхом застосування електронейромоніторингу та дисекції правого блукаючого нерва під час операції судинно-нервова аномалія була підтверджена, що дозволило уникнути хірургічних ускладнень у вигляді порушення функції гортані, успішно провести хірургічне лікування шийних метастазів тиреоїдного раку. Висновки. Плануючи операції на щитоподібній залозі, слід мати на увазі можливість існування судинної аномалії дуги аорти з відповідним ризиком пошкодження нижнього гортанного нерва, що має неповоротний хід. Рентгенологічне або сонографічне обстеження може виявити аберантне розташування правої підключичної артерії, а застосування електронейромоніторингу— знайти НГН для уникнення його пошкодження при операціях на шиї.

Vibration Characteristics of Fully Enclosed Sound Barriers on Railway Bridges under the Movement of Trains

A field test was conducted to investigate the vibration of the fully enclosed sound barrier (FESB) of a railway bridge, and a numerical method was proposed and validated for evaluating the vibration of the bridge-FESB system by combining the train-track coupled theory and the motion equation. Additionally, a numerical analysis of the vibration distribution of the FESB was performed. The results indicated that the vibrations of the FESB were mainly caused by the vertical vibration of the bridge under the dynamic wheel-rail interaction with the greatest vibration level from 1/4 to 1/2 part of the steel arch and were not affected by the train position but increased with an increase in the speed of the train.

Retroesophageal right subclavian artery associated with a bicarotid trunk and an ectopic origin of vertebral arteries

A rare branching pattern of the aortic arch in a female cadaver is reported. An aberrant right subclavian artery originated from the distal part of the aortic arch and following a retroesophageal course was recognized. Next to it, from the left to the right, the left subclavian artery and a short bicarotid trunk originating the left and the right common carotid artery were recognized. An unusual origin of the vertebral arteries was also identified. The left vertebral artery originated directly from the aortic arch, whereas the right vertebral artery originated directly from the right common carotid artery. Retroesophageal right subclavian artery associated with a bicarotid trunk and ectopic origin of vertebral arteries represents an exceptional and noteworthy case.

Research on rolling process of bow parts with variable lateral roll spacing based on optimal bending angle distribution function

For roll-bending formation in bow-shaped sheet metal parts, the distance of the traditional roll-forming transverse unit is constant, which often causes corner wrinkles, corner cracks, tearing, springback, and peak longitudinal strain defects throughout the formation process. To solve these shortcomings, this paper proposes an optimized bending angle distribution function to synergize the variable lateral roll distance technique. By parameterizing the abstract function according to the function boundary trajectory, the bending angle of each roll pass is measured; furthermore, the optimal function curve can be obtained through finite element analysis. Then, the roll-bending simulation is conducted, and the forming angle of the sheet metal parts is redistributed to determine the most effective reduction of peak longitudinal strain and transverse roll spacing. The bending angle distribution function aids the variable transverse roll distance technology to execute roll-bending experiments on 3004Al arch parts, ultimately obtaining the optimal roll-bending angle and transverse roll distance. The results of the roll forming simulation, based on the optimized bending angle distribution function and variable transverse roll distance technology, corroborate the experimental results, and good roll forming efficiency and quality are achieved.

Combined caudal retrocostal and lateral ultrasound-guided approach for transversus abdominis plane injection: A descriptive pilot study in pig cadavers

Transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block is a regional anesthetic technique used to desensitize the abdominal wall in several species. This study aimed to describe the anatomical characteristics of the abdominal wall and to identify a feasible approach for an US-guided TAP injection that would result in adequate staining of the relevant nerves in the abdominal wall in pig cadavers. Fresh cadavers from five Landrace pigs (age, 12 weeks; body weight, 35.5 ± 1.6 kg) were used. One pig (n = 1) was anatomically dissected, and four pigs (n = 4; i.e., 8 hemiabdomens) were used for TAP injections and evaluation of dye spread. The volume of 0.3 mL/kg/injection point of methylene blue was injected bilaterally. In the caudal retrocostal approach, the injection was performed ventral to the most caudal part of the costal arch. In the lateral approach, the injection was performed between the last rib and iliac crest. A needle was inserted in plane for the caudal retrocostal and the lateral approach caudocranially and craniocaudally, respectively. Successful staining was defined as presence of dye on the nerve for a length of >1 cm in its entire circumference. The TAP was found between different muscle layers in the described anatomical regions. In the caudal retrocostal approach the TAP was found between the external abdominal oblique and transversus abdominis muscle bellies. In the lateral approach the TAP was found between the internal abdominal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles. The approach combining lateral and caudal retrocostal injections at the studied volume stained a median of 5 (3–6) target nerves from the fourth-last thoracic nerve to L2 (six nerves). Combined caudal retrocostal and lateral TAP injections of 0.3 mL/kg/injection point, resulted in staining of target nerve branches which supply the periumbilical and caudal abdominal wall in pig cadavers.

Studying the Structural and Thickness Characteristics of the Sedimentary Mantle of the Northern Part of the Surgut Arch

The paper is devoted to the analysis of the structural and thickness characteristics of the sedimentary mantle of the northern part of the Surgut arch (Western Siberia, Russia). Based on the results of generalization of the structural surfaces of the Meso-Cenozoic sedimentary mantle reflecting horizons, the specifics of the surface relations have been determined. It was found that the relationship between the reflecting sedimentary horizons controls the oil and gas content of the YUS1 formation in the area studied. To determine the prospective oil and gas content of the area, the relationship between the reflecting horizons has been analyzed in detail. The resulting specifics have been analyzed, and the identification of zones has been justified. Zoning of the study area has been performed. The identified zones are characterized by different structural surface relation patterns and correspond to areas with similar sedimentation conditions and tectonic regimes manifested during the sedimentation period.

MAPEAMENTO DA LINHA DE COSTA E AVALIAÇÃO DA VULNERABILIDADE E SUSCEPTIBILIDADE À EROSÃO COSTEIRA ENTRE A FOZ DO RIO SÃO JOÃO E A FOZ DO RIO UNA – CABO FRIO/RJ

O presente trabalho trata de uma avaliação da vulnerabilidade e susceptibilidade à erosão costeira através do uso de geoindicadores e do mapeamento da linha de costa entre a foz do rio São João e a do rio Una no município de Cabo Frio (RJ). Devido à ocorrência de eventos com ondas de alta energia, foram identificadas características erosivas em parte do arco praial, mesmo que tal praia não possua um quadro de erosão costeira constatada. A metodologia adotada envolve o uso de geoindicadores para a análise de dois pontos no arco praial, através do uso de uma série temporal de fotografias aéreas e imagens de alta resolução(anos 1970, 2005 e 2018) para a classificação do uso do solo da orla marítima e vetorização da linha de costa em ambiente SIG. Os resultados mostram que o ponto localizado mais ao norte do arco praial possui uma alta vulnerabilidade e susceptibilidade à erosão costeira, enquanto no ponto mais ao sul há uma baixa vulnerabilidade e susceptibilidade. Havendo um alto crescimento urbano e a intensificação da ocupação na orla marítima, com construções próximas ao perfil dinâmico praial, esta passa a sofrer ataque direto das ondas de alta energia. Em meio às possíveis alterações no clima, projetadas em estudos recentes, com elevação no nível médio do mar, maior frequência de eventos extremos, aumento da potência das ondas e ocupação massiva dos ambientes costeiros, estudos que embasem o planejamento de ocupação e gestão da orla marítima fazem-se necessários.
 Palavras-chave: geoindicadores, praias arenosas, linha de costa, erosão costeira.

Numerical study of drug delivery through the 3D modeling of aortic arch in presence of a magnetic field.

Magnetic drug delivery known as smart technique in medicine is basically according to combining the drug inside capsules with the magnetic property or attaching the drug with magnetic surfaces at the micro- and nanoscale. In the present study, magnetic drug delivery in the aortic artery has been investigated. To approach the more realistic problem conditions of blood flow rheology, the effect of parameters such as non-Newtonian viscosity and oscillating input has been put into consideration. Also, the investigated geometrical parameters of arteries of the aortic arch have been chosen similar to the real size. The results indicate that an increase in the diameter of microparticles rises the efficiency of particles absorption. In addition, the influence of changing the direction of the wire carrying electricity and thus changing the direction of magnetic field on magnetic drug delivery has been examined in the geometry of the aortic arc and it is found that the highest particle absorption efficiency takes place in the case that the wire is parallel to the direction of y-axis. As an example, the results show that the rate of absorption efficiency for particles with 3µm dia is 26.83% and 19.39% when the wire generating magnetic field is parallel to the direction of y-axis and z-axis, respectively, and this value is 10.91% for the case without a magnetic field. The number of particles released from different part of the aortic arch also is affected by the direction of magnetic field. This value illustrates that the percentage of particles released from different states, is equal when the magnetic field is absent and the wire carrying electricity is parallel to y-axis and z-axis. However, the number of particles released from the 2 outputs of the left carotid and left subclavian is less than the other 2 states (i.e., the state when there is not a magnetic field, and the state when the electric current direction is parallel to the y-axis direction) for the state when the wire carrying current is parallel to the z-axis.

Shear behavior of concrete-encased square concrete-filled steel tube members: Experiments and strength prediction

This paper presents experiments and theoretical analysis on shear behavior of eight concrete-encased square concrete-filled steel tube (CECFST) specimens and three traditional reinforced concrete (RC) specimens. A total of 11 specimens with the test parameters including the shear span-to-depth ratio, steel tube size and studs arrangement were tested to explore the shear performance of CECFST specimens. The failure mode, shear capacity and displacement ductility were thoroughly evaluated. The test results indicated that all the test specimens failed in shear, and the CECFST specimens enhanced by the interior CFST core exhibited higher shear capacity and better ductility performance than that of the RC specimens. When the other parameters were the same, the larger steel tube size, the smaller shear span-to-depth ratio and the existence of studs could lead to the more satisfactory shear behavior. Then, based on the compatible truss-arch model, a set of formulas were developed to analytically predict the shear strength of the CECFST members by considering the compatibility of deformation between the truss part, arch part and the steel tube. Compared with the calculated results based on several current design specifications, the proposed formulas could get more accurate prediction.

Acute Aortic Dissection in Third Trimester Pregnancy with Well Controlled Hypertension

We describe a 32-year-old pregnant woman at 31 + 6 weeks of gestation who presented to a tertiary-care hospital with headache and back pain. She was found to have a sign of tear about 1.3 cm away from the aortic valve, and the torn intima extended upward to the ascending aorta and the descending part of the aortic arch. She delivered a live male neonate via cesarean delivery. She had a history of hypertension with oral Labetalol 50 mg twice times daily. At the very beginning of the onset, physicians in the emergency room wouldn’t be aware of the symptoms of aortic dissections, as well as atypical presentations which include anterior chest pain or chest pain radiating to the back. She was only received anti-hypertension management, until her symptoms of back pain aggravated, and an aortic dissection was confirmed by ultrasound and CT angiography. Then she received a mechanical aortic valve replacement. After 51 days of treatment, she was discharged and recovered without any complications. Aortic dissection in pregnancy is a rare disease. We recommend transthoracic echocardiography every 1 to 2 months to monitor the diameter of the ascending aorta during pregnancy in which patients with hypertension problems or other risk factors of aneurysm and perform the CT angiography scan to confirm aortic dissection in a pregnant or postpartum woman with suspicious pain symptoms. It is essential that multidisciplinary approach in which teams must urgently collaborate to ensure the protection life of both mother and baby.