Part In Various Processes Research Articles

MiRNA in Parkinson's disease:From pathogenesis to theranostic approaches.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is an age associated neurological disorder which is specified by cardinal motor symptoms such as tremor, stiffness, bradykinesia, postural instability, and non-motor symptoms. Dopaminergic neurons degradation in substantia nigra region and aggregation of αSyn are the classic signs of molecular defects noticed in PD pathogenesis. The discovery of microRNAs (miRNA) predicted to have a pivotal part in various processes regarding regularizing the cellular functions. Studies on dysregulation of miRNA in PD pathogenesis has recently gained the concern where our review unravels the role of miRNA expression in PD and its necessity in clinical validation for therapeutic development in PD. Here, we discussed how miRNA associated with ageing process in PD through molecular mechanistic approach of miRNAs on sirtuins, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6, dopamine loss, oxidative stress and autophagic dysregulation. Further we have also conferred the expression of miRNAs affected by SNCA gene expression, neuronal differentiation and its therapeutic potential with PD. In conclusion, we suggest more rigorous studies should be conducted on understanding the mechanisms and functions of miRNA in PD which will eventually lead to discovery of novel and promising therapeutics for PD.

To the study Cyanoprokaryota some waters of the Pryazovia national natural park

In the article, some data in studying blue-and-green algae (Cyanoprokariota) of the Pryazovia Natural Park are given. The objects of the nature protected stock of Ukraine are unique reservoirs of the most valuable landscapes and biodiversity not only in this country but also beyond its borders. Its is very important to analyse the state and ecological changes of different biotopes by the methods of algoindication. Blue-and-green algae take part in various processes and clearly react to the change of the environment state, and therefore they are a convenient indicator of negative phenomena, since microflora reacts to the environment changes very clearly. Blue-and-green algae can be just an ecological component of biotopes. The aim of our work was to study the specific composition and systematic structure of blue-and-green algae of some water bodies of the park, to give an ecological and geographical description and to analyse their participation in some places of increases according to the zones of self-cleaning and geographical distribution. The urgency of this article consists in the fact, that the Pryazovia National Natural Park (PNNP) is one of the objects of the nature protected stock of Ukraine, located in the south of Zaporizhia Region. The blue-and-green algae of this object are studied insufficiently and irregularly. Therefore just qualitative and quantitative indices of this group of algae and morphological peculiarities of different biotopes of the Pryazovia National Natural Park. In would be rather reasonable to study the blue-and-green algae of wather biotopes and to enlarge the knowledge of the algae ecology and algoindicational possibilities of these organisms. The object of the investigation is the water objects of the Pryazovia National Natural Park. Algological samples in various water biotopes of the PNNP have been chosen, measurements of the salinity temperature of water samples have been made, a specific composition of blue-and-green algae of various water biotopes has been studied, species with the largest frequency of occurrance and dominating algae species have been distinguished. Researching the algae was carried out by means of the illuminating binocular microscope «MICROmed XS-5520» with using the object glasses with the magnifying powers 40x , 100x. The algae identification was made due to determinants. The systematic structure of the discovered algae species was presented according to the system of Komarek and Anagnostidis. For studying the Cyanoprokariota, 16 water samples of 7 water areas of the PNNP have been selected. The selection of water samples was implemented in the temporary and permanent water bodies of the Pryazovia Park. The treatment of the collected material with the further identification and research of the algae was carried out in the laboratory of the department of botany, garden and park economy of Melitopol Bohdan Khmelnytskyi State Pedagogical University. The research results of the blue-and-green algae of the PNNP water biotopes will give an opportunity to analyse nature environment condition as well as to forecast ecological changes of these surroundings. The carried out investigation have enriched the data specific composition of the blue-and-green algae of the Pryazovia National Natural Park. The research results can be used in describing regional species of the flora and be a part of materials in writing Chronicles of the Pryazovia National Natural Park physical background.

Soil‐ and plant‐based nitrogen‐fertilizer recommendations in arable farming

AbstractUnder‐ as well as overfertilization with nitrogen (N) will result in economic loss for the farmer due to reduced yields and quality of the products. Also from an ecological perspective, it is important that the grower makes the correct decision on how much and when to apply N for a certain crop to minimize impacts on the environment. To aggravate the situation, N is a substance that is present in many compartments in different forms (nitrate, ammonium, organic N, etc.) in the soil‐plant environment and takes part in various processes (e.g., mineralization, immobilization, leaching, denitrification, etc.). Today, many N‐recommendation systems are mainly based on yield expectation. However, yields are not stable from year to year for a given field. Also the processes that determine the N supply from other sources than fertilizer are not predictable at the start of the growing season. Different methodological approaches are reviewed that have been introduced to improve N‐fertilizer recommendations for arable crops. Many soil‐based methods have been developed to measure soil mineral N (SMN) that is available for plants at a given sampling date. Soil sampling at the start of the growing period and analyzing for the amount of NO$ _3^- $‐N (and NH$ _4^+ $‐N) is a widespread approach in Europe and North America. Based on data from field calibrations, the SMN pool is filled up with fertilizer N to a recommended amount. Depending on pre‐crop, use of organic manure, or soil characteristics, the recommendation might be modified (±10–50 kg N ha–1). Another set of soil methods has been established to estimate the amount of N that is mineralized from soil organic matter, plant residues, and/or organic manure. From the huge range of methods proposed so far, simple mild extraction procedures have gained most interest, but introduction into practical recommendation schemes has been rather limited. Plant‐analytical procedures cover the whole range from quantitative laboratory analysis to semiquantitative “quick” tests carried out in the field. The main idea is that the plant itself is the best indicator for the N supply from any source within the growth period. In‐field methods like the nitrate plant sap/petiole test and chlorophyll measurements with hand‐held devices or via remote sensing are regarded as most promising, because with these methods an adequate adjustment of the N‐fertilizer application strategy within the season is feasible. Prerequisite is a fertilization strategy that is based on several N applications and not on a one‐go approach.

Long-lived unstable nuclei as microindicators for some processes of nature

137Cs and 90Sr are the long-lived radioactive isotopes generated from nuclear tests/accidents. These isotopes take part in various processes of nature. Radioactivities due to these isotopes in environmental samples relate closely not only to date, site, characteristics, etc. of nuclear tests/accidents, but also to mechanism of processes in which the isotopes are presented. Determination and analysis of 137Cs and 90Sr radioactivity of environmental samples would disclose interesting information of some natural processes and other relating issues. In this paper the following topics will be discussed: 1. 1. The radial distribution of 137Cs and 90Sr in annual tree rings. 2. 2. The relation with accumulative deposition of radioactive fallout. 3. 3. What would be the mechanism of internal transfer processes during tree aging.

On the distribution of the field of electromagnetic waves emitted by a dipole in a homogeneous magnetoactive plasma

This paper deals with the emission of an electric dipole in a homogeneous magneto-active multicomponent plasma in all resonance frequency ranges ω which are lower than the Langmuir electron frequency ω 0. We show that the structure of the field represents two cones, one inserted into the other with the common symmetry axis along the vector of the magnetic field H ̄ 0 . The surface of one of them corresponds to the plasma resonance region. The other is an analogue of Storey's cone in the whistler mode range. In the vicinity of the surfaces of these cones and near the symmetry axis, in a narrow range of angle, a considerable amplification of the field can take place. In some cases the maximum value of the field strength exceeds the field inside the cones, and the field of a similar dipole located in vacuum, by approximately (10 1–10 5) times. This effect is considerable and must play a prominent part in various processes taking place in a plasma. The emission energy is redistributed with distance from the source: initially the maximal field strength is near the surface of the resonance cone, but starting from near the symmetry axis i.e. at sufficiently large distances, the field energy is concentrated along the magnetic line of force passing through the source. Asymptotic formulae are obtained for all the regions inside and outside the cones. The results of the numerical calculations characterizing the spatial field pattern and its change as a function of frequency are given for the whistler mode.

Diffusion of Oxygen and Oxidation of Rubbers in the Presence of Phenyl-β-Naphthylamine

Abstract We know now that the oxidation of rubbers takes place in the absence as well as the presence of antioxidants. However, the mechanism and the rate of the free and inhibited processes are altogether different. In the presence of a sufficient quantity of a good antioxidant (“true inhibited oxidation”), oxygen takes part almost exclusively in the immediate process of oxidation of the rubber, while the developing active centers are deactivated by reacting with the antioxidant. During free autocatalytic accelerated oxidation, the oxygen takes part in various processes; it initiates a chain process in which it takes part, and also causes many secondary reactions, including most of those which cause rupture of the reactive chains. In this article we shall discuss only true inhibited oxidation, which is especially important from the practical viewpoint.