The present paper sought to analyze the crime of infanticide and make a comparative study of its basic circumstances in order to characterize this kind of crime and distinguish it from others, since it was commonly misunderstood as a homicide in the past. Following the conceptualization, it presents its historical evolution, the investigation of its forensic aspects for the application of penalties, and the medical and legal investigation in order to find out the parous woman’s psychic condition that led her to commit the crime. It then moves on to the topic of the crime’s identification, showing its main characteristics, its differences from other crimes, even though its precise identification is controversial. Thus, the present research seeks to promote the academic debate about the crime of infanticide so the juridical area can stimulate the areas associated to Medicine (Psychology, Psychiatry, traditional) to divulge the subject more, in order to increase the attention to the psychological changes in the woman’s emotional state after labour, that might lead her to the point of killing her own child. Following the conceptualization, it presents its historical evolution, the investigation of its forensic aspects for the application of penalties, and the medical and legal investigation in order to find out the parous woman’s psychic condition that led her to commit the crime. It then moves on to the topic of the crime’s identification, showing its main characteristics, its differences from other crimes, even though its precise identification is controversial. Thus, the present research seeks to promote the academic debate about the crime of infanticide so the juridical area can stimulate the areas associated to Medicine (Psychology, Psychiatry, traditional) to divulge the subject more, in order to increase the attention to the psychological changes in the woman’s emotional state after labour, that might lead her to the point of killing her own child.