Parotid Gland Involvement Research Articles

Parotid gland involvement in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

This study documents the imaging findings of parotid gland involvement in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). This study reviewed the film records of 1,916 patients with NPC seen over a 5 year period. There were 27 (1.4%) patients with parotid involvement. There were 27 CT and 4 MR studies, and the pattern of involvement was categorized into the following groups: (1) parotid nodal involvement; (2) parotid invasion from extracapsular cervical nodal spread; (3) direct invasion by NPC; and (4) diffusely infiltrated gland not related to (2) or (3). In the subset of 27 patients, parotid nodal involvement was seen in 11 (41%) patients. Ten (37%) patients had cervical extranodal spread into the parotid gland. Three patients (11%) showed direct invasion by NPC, and another three patients (11%) showed an isolated and diffusely infiltrated parotid gland. Metastatic NPC may involve parotid nodes. The parotid gland may also be involved by extracapsular spread from enlarged cervical nodes or infiltrated directly by the primary lesion in the nasopharynx.

An Uncommon Presentation of Acute Nonlymphocytic Leukemia: A Case Report

A 14-year-old girl with an unusual extramedullary presentation of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia is described. She presented with involvement of both lacrimal glands, parotid and submandibular salivary glands, and both breasts. Biopsy of the submandibular salivary gland, breasts, and bone marrow was suggestive of acute monocytic leukemia. She was alive for 5 months with supportive treatment.

Reliability of ultrasonography and sialography in the diagnosis of sjögren's syndrome

Objectives. The purpose of this study was to evaluate quantitatively observer performance with ultrasonography and sialography in the diagnosis of parotid gland involvement of Sjögren's syndrome.Study design. Sixty-four parotid gland sialograms and 65 ultrasonograms were prepared for observer performance experiments. They included both modalities in 24 Sjögren's syndrome and 19 nonspecific parotitis cases, 21 normal parotid gland sialograms, and 22 normal ultrasonograms in healthy volunteers. The images were randomly sequenced and presented to five observers who were asked to describe several findings and finally to determine the imaging diagnosis by ranking the abnormal features and the diagnosis on a five-point-rating scale. Observer performance was evaluated on the basis of the reliability of findings interpreted and the diagnostic accuracy of each modality from observers' rating scores.Results. The diagnostic accuracy of sialography was very high, nearly perfect. The diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography was lower than that of sialography; resulting from the lower incidence of characteristic findings in the disease groups and lower sensitivity on ultrasonography. In the differentiation of Sjögren's syndrome from the normal, however, the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography increased to 80% for all cases, and up to nearly 90% in the advanced sialographic stages.Conclusion. Ultrasonography is useful for the diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome in the advanced stages. Taking the noninvasiveness of this technique into account, we recommend first applying ultrasonography to the diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome and performing sialography when no positive findings are detected on ultrasonography.

Tuberculosis of the Parotid Salivary Gland

An interesting and rare case of tuberculosis involving a parotid gland is discussed. Although pulmonary tuberculosis is not uncommon in Turkey, primary parotid gland involvement is rare. The patient was treated by parotidectomy and antituberculous chemotherapy.

Small lymphocytic lymphoma presenting with simultaneous involvement of parotid and submandibular glands bilaterally, maxillary sinus, hard palate and optic nerve

Small lymphocytic lymphoma presenting with simultaneous involvement of parotid and submandibular glands bilaterally, maxillary sinus, hard palate and optic nerve

Gallium-67 imaging in the diagnosis of blastomycosis.

67Ga imaging was used in a group of 13 untreated patients with documented South American blastomycosis in an attempt to obtain additional information on the site and extent of the lesions. All diagnoses were confirmed by demonstration of the fungi in the lesions or body fluids. Serologic tests were performed on all patients. 67Ga imaging was correlated with X-ray in all patients, and with bone imaging when bony lesions were suspected. 67Ga imaging was positive for all lesions detected on chest X-ray and by clinical evaluation. More importantly, lesions clinically unsuspected and missed by other diagnostic techniques were shown on 67Ga imaging: bony and hepatic lesions in three patients; a brain lesion in one patient and parotid gland involvement in five patients. There was good agreement between 67Ga imaging and clinical and laboratory data, scintigraphy being more sensitive. Follow-up studies after specific therapy demonstrated decreased uptake in the lungs and other sites. 67Ga imaging is a useful tool for detection of suspected and unsuspected lesions of blastomycosis and to evaluate the response of the disease to specific therapy.

Skin uptake of Gallium 67 in cutaneous sarcoidosis

A patient is presented with cutaneous sarcoidosis of the scalp. Ga-67 was intensively taken up by the skin lesions. Systemic involvement of parotid glands and mediastinum was also demonstrated by Ga-67 scintigraphy. Prednisolone therapy reversed promptly the pathologic Ga-67 uptake. Ga-67 scintigraphy should be performed in all patients suffering from cutaneous sarcoidosis as being the most sensitive method to demonstrate systemic involvement.

Diagnostic Value of Quantitative Scintiscanning of the Salivary Glands in Sjögren's Syndrome and Rheumatoid Arthritis

1. The submandibular and parotid salivary gland uptake of [99mTc]pertechnetate has been measured at 3 min, 8 min and 13 min after administration in twenty-five normal subjects, seventeen patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) alone, seven patients with RA and keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) and twenty-four patients with Sjögren's syndrome and salivary gland involvement. 2. Normal ranges for salivary gland 99mTc uptake have been established. 3. At 8 min fifteen patients with Sjögren's syndrome had a low uptake value (parotid <0.16% dose, submandibular <0.07% dose). 4. A correlation was found between values for parotid and submandibular 99mTc uptake but parotid gland involvement was more marked than submandibular. Involvement was usually bilateral. 5. In the patients with RA alone and RA and KCS a small number of patients had low uptake values.

PAROTID GLAND AS A FOCUS OF METASTASIS.

The involvement of the parotid gland by tumors other than those of a primary nature has certain curious and practical considerations. This involvement may result from metastasis into the lymph structures of the parenchyma of the gland, metastasis into the paraglandular lymph nodes, and also by direct invasion of the gland from an adjacent tumor. The histopathology covers a wide range of neoplasms with melanoma and squamous cell cancer predominating. The primary sites contributing to parotid gland involvement are predominantly the scalp and ear, but other regions in the head and neck must be considered as potential foci. The significance of this analysis reflects on the application of surgery to the parotid gland for obvious metastatic disease of the gland, for presumptive metastasis to the gland, or as a perimeter of normal tissue about neoplasms that are proximal to the parotid gland. <h3>Anatomy</h3> The character of the lymph system throughout

Submasseteric abscess

The role that the fascial spaces play in facial infection has been discussed. The anatomy of fascial spaces of the face and the presence and boundaries of the submasseteric compartment have been outlined. The origin of infection in the submasseteric space and the sequence of events secondary to their infection have been discussed. The relationship of this submasseteric space to the parotid gland has been considered. The differential diagnosis involved in separating an infection of this space from an acute parotitis has been reviewed. Emphasis has been placed on the never previously discussed sialographic findings associated with a submasseteric abscess. Definitive sialographic findings disclosed the presence of a laterally displaced Stensen's duct and secondary infections involvement of the accessory parotid gland. Treatment should be aimed at early incision and drainage.