Landscape Park Research Articles

Sokyryntsi Park as the embodiment of the "double life" of the Galagan family

The history and principles of planning the park of the aristocratic country residence of the Galagan family – "Sokyryntsi" are described. Compared to such parks as Oleksandriia and Sofiivka, Sokyryntsi Park is much less well-known, although it is a unique intermediate link between the "official" parks of Classicism-Empire style, such as Oleksandriia in Bila Tserkva and "private" "Ossian parks", as Sofiivka Park in Uman. Although in some sources Sokyryntsi Park with a complex of buildings and structures belongs to the Empire style, but a deeper analysis has shown the simultaneous presence of components characteristic of the "English Landscape Park" and "Ossian Park". The Sokyryntsi ensemble is a unique example in terms of its division into three zones – "parade", "memorial", closed from strangers, and "recreational" on the shores of reservoirs. In addition, this is a rare example of the location directly on the estate of two churches, family crypts and the house of the estate founder. The Sokyryntsi ensemble is a unique example of how the "double life" of the family was subconsciously embodied in the planning and development of the park, where the "parade" part testified to the education of the owners and their role in the Russian Empire, instead, the hidden "memorial" part acted as a "figure of silence" about the shameful deeds of the estate founder. The methods of historical and culturological analysis, method of comparative analysis, method of field surveys with the implementation of dimensional drawings and photofixation were used.

Degradation of Triphenyl Phosphate in Water by UV-driven Advanced Oxidation Processes

As a type of emerging pollutant of concern, organophosphate esters (OPEs) have posed a moderate risk to the remote Antarctic waters. Triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) is a common type of OPEs in water, which has been proven to have toxic effects, bioaccumulation, and amplification effects and pose a great threat to the environment and human health. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) were used to investigate the degradation process of TPHP in three advanced oxidation processes (UV-AOPs), including ultraviolet-hydrogen peroxide (UV-H2O2), ultraviolet-titanium dioxide (UV-TiO2), and ultraviolet-persulfate (UV-PS) systems. This was the first instance of using FT-IR for the online observation of the change in infrared characteristic peaks in the degradation process of TPHP, and its degradation reaction kinetics, photodegradation products, and degradation pathways were analyzed. The results showed that TPHP could be effectively degraded under UV-H2O2, UV-TiO2, and UV-PS systems, and the photodegradation half-lives were 74, 150, and 89 min, respectively. The UV-H2O2 system had the best degradation effect on TPHP. Additionally, the degradation reactions of TPHP in three systems conformed to the first-order kinetics. When the concentration of H2O2 was 0-0.097 mol·L-1, the increase in H2O2 concentration promoted the degradation of TPHP, and when the concentration of TiO2 was 0-0.013 mol·L-1, the increase in TiO2 concentration promoted the degradation of TPHP. The photodegradation pathway of TPHP mainly included the P-O-C bond breaking, the C-H bond cleavage of the benzene ring structure and the hydrolysis reaction of TPHP. The UV-H2O2 system was used to degrade OPEs in the environmental water of Chengdu, and it was found that the removal rate of TPHP was 66% when the water samples of the park landscape water were degraded for 60 min.

The occurrence of Triaenodes unanimis McLachlan, 1877 (Insecta: Trichoptera) and other rare species of caddisflies in the Powidz Landscape Park (Poland)

The paper presents the results of studies from 2008, 2009, 2018 and 2021 on the trichopteran fauna of Lake Powidzkie Małe as well as the peatlands of Powidz Landscape Park. The total of 25,091 caddisfly specimens of 47 species were collected. Among them were three species from the Red List of Threatened Animals in Poland – Triaenodes unanimis McLachlan, 1877, Ceraclea nigronervosa (Retzius, 1783) and Oecetis notata (Rambur, 1842) – and four species rare in the fens of Poland – Holocentropus stagnalis (Albarda, 1874) and Cyrnus insolutus McLachlan, 1878. T. unanimis is rare worldwide, including Poland. This is the fourth known site of T. unanimis in Poland and at the same time the most westerly Polish site of this species. The typical habitat of T. unanimis is defined on the basis of available habitat data and my own results.

Cinematic methods of scenario construction in the design of landscape parks

The article describes and analyzes the possibility of using the method of writing a cinematic script in the design of park space, and it is a test of the method for teaching park design by the method of screenplay and generalization of the results. The authors analyze the possibility of applying this method in the actual design of the existing architectural environment of the city and compare the results with the results of their colleagues from another educational institution of architectural profile in performing similar tasks. The article proves that the cinematographic script, not the theatrical one, is the most suitable for the analysis of the architectural environment and writing the script of its perception. Sid Field's film paradigm, based on Sid Field's film paradigm, is based on the slogan "Every moment the spectator should be interested in what will happen next?" modern city life. According to the screenplay, which has its own structural units, the territory of the park is also divided into several functional zones, each of which corresponds to the cinematic elements. As in the movie, each part of the park evokes certain emotions, which are programmed by the designers in advance. This can be done by manipulating space and its boundaries. The authors suggest that this method of cinematic scenario can be used in the design of the architectural environment of the city, as a new part of it (urban quarter, neighborhood, and district) and in adjusting the existing historical environment.

Linking tree cover change to historical management practices in urban parks

Urban tree canopy (UTC) in parks is shaped by complex interactions between social and ecological processes over decades. To understand UTC change in parks, it is critical to identify and characterize the unique set of social processes that drive long-term change. We sought to uncover the feedbacks between social processes and long-term UTC changes in parks of a post-industrial city that experienced substantial population loss and park disinvestment. Our mixed-methods approach involved quantifying spatiotemporal UTC changes and connecting those changes to historical management practices for three parks in Philadelphia, PA (US). We delineated UTC using aerial imagery between 1959 and 2018, and synthesized information from archival records and semi-structured interviews about historical management practices. We found substantial UTC gains between 1959 and 1980, due to both: (a) budget cuts, mowing cessation, and associated unintended forest emergence; and (b) purposeful tree planting and reforestation activities. While some UTC gains were purposeful, others were unintentional and reflect successional processes on unmaintained lands. Contrary to literature suggesting that financial investment would lead to UTC gain, we saw declining UTC following an influx of new funding post-2000 due to construction and ecological restoration. We found differing pathways leading to convergent outcomes of UTC gains. Across the three parks, differing historical processes and management goals for park landscapes had important ramifications for UTC. Our work suggests that landscape management could benefit from an improved understanding of how historical processes impact land cover over the long-term.

Research on the Predictive Analysis of Park Landscape Design and Cost Based on RNN Model.

As people's awareness of the environment gradually increases and their requirements for the comfort of living space become higher, landscape design has also ushered in a golden period of development. With the increasing investment in landscape construction in urban development, the area of park green space has been increasing. A park is a place that provides recreation and relaxation for the public. However, the mere pursuit of landscape quality and artistic effects without effective cost control will eventually lead to a rise in construction costs. Therefore, this study explores the main influencing factors that lead to high park landscape costs by analyzing the current development of park landscape design. Based on the comprehensive analysis, a park landscape cost prediction model based on recurrent neural networks is proposed in order to better control the construction costs of park landscapes. This study applies advanced deep learning technology to the project management of park landscapes, which effectively improves the accuracy of cost prediction. In addition, an artificial bee colony algorithm is introduced to update the weights of the recurrent neural network, resulting in a globally optimal ABC-RNN prediction model. The experimental results show that the proposed ABC-RNN prediction model has higher prediction accuracy and stability than the commonly used prediction models.

ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC DAMAGE FROM THE FULL-SCALE MILITARY INVASION OF russia IN UKRAINE

. The impact of wars on the environment is always adverse, regardless of whether it is caused by direct military action or strategic countermeasures. The overall environmental damage caused by a particular war is the result of many factors and is often multidimensional, as water bodies, forests, air, soils, and all living organisms are affected.
 During the five months of the war, our country suffered enormous environmental damage. It will take decades to restore Ukrainian nature. Today, active hostilities are taking place in the south of Ukraine in nature conservation steppes with unique ecosystems, which will take at least 50 years to restore. Among the objects of the nature reserve fund of the Mykolaiv Oblast that suffered due to the war, there are sections of the Black Sea Biosphere Reserve, the Regional Landscape Park "Kinburnska Kosa" and the National Nature Park "Biloberezhya Svyatoslav". Even in the first days of the war, Russian troops entered the Kinburn Peninsula, after which fires broke out that threatened the existence of rare species of flora and fauna. In addition, large populations of animals and plants were so exterminated by numerous explosions throughout the territory of Ukraine that we may now lose them forever and irrevocably.
 Today, 2.5 million hectares of Europe's nature conservation network are under threat of destruction due to the actions of the russian federation. These are 160 objects of the Emerald Network - territories of existence of species and habitats protected at the pan-European level. And there are 17 Ramsar sites with an area of ​​627.3 thousand hectares - wetlands of international importance.

Diseases, Pests of Species Belonging to Rosa L. and Control Methods Against Them

In the article were studied control methods of RosaL. species diseases, pests in the conditions of Absheron. In the conducted scientific research were observed on the species in local conditions powdery mildew, fungus, rust, black spot, gray rot, bacterial and cytosporosis cancer diseases. According to our observations, species and varieties belonging to the genus Rosa L. are susceptible to diseases and pests more than other plants. Therefore, special agrotechnical care should be provided for them. Species and varieties belonging to the genus Rosa L. have decorative and exotic beautiful views. For this reason, it is appropriate to widely use different types of roses in greening, landscape architecture, horticulture, and landscaping of parks.

Network Text Analysis of Visitors’ Perception of Multi-Sensory Interactive Experience in Urban Forest Parks in China

Urban forest parks play a crucial role in contributing to the urban environment, residential well-being, and social welfare. Visitors’ perception of multi-sensory interactive experiences in urban forest parks is an important source of information for landscape planning. Whilst data elicited from visitors via questionnaires are temporally and spatially restricted, online media provide a public platform for the direct and comprehensive expression of park experiences beyond such restrictions. To look into visitors’ multi-sensory interactive experiences in an urban forest park in China, a total of 7447 reviews of such were collected from four authoritative online platforms using Python, and the ROSTCM tool was used to generate semantic and social networks out of the data set. The results showed that urban forest park visitors’ sensory experiences are dominated by visual and olfactory perceptions, followed by audio-visual and visual-tactile interactions. Among them, visual perception displays the highest degree of specificity and diversity, while tactile and gustatory perceptions are relatively infrequent and singular. The landscapes that affect visitors’ perceptual preferences mainly include floriculture, green vegetation, soundscapes, and sanitation utilities. Moreover, both the fresh air and the agreeable environment have a significant positive impact on visitors’ perceptions. The above findings not only have practical implications for the landscape planning and design of urban forest parks, but also provide theoretical insights into the evaluation of natural landscapes in urban forest parks from the perspective of tourists’ multi-sensory experiences.

How vegetation impacts preference, mystery and danger in fortifications and parks in urban areas

Parks and heritage fortifications are important components of urban green spaces in many cities in terms of benefitting people and urban nature as well as preserving cultural heritage. Heritage fortifications, like parks, can offer various cultural ecosystem services. Therefore, recognising the preferences of their visitors is relevant from the perspective of creating and managing spaces that are people-friendly. In this research, we have attempted to identify the nature of the relationship between mystery, danger and preferences while considering the complexity of these relationships. Therefore, we examined the preferences expressed by 83 participants for 60 fortified and 60 park landscapes in Poland. The research results indicate that in the case of parks, greenery increases the sense of danger, which lowers preferences, despite the mysterious appeal of such scenery. In turn, vegetation in parks should be shaped in a manner that ensures safety. In the case of forts, the feeling of mystery makes the vegetation more appealing, despite the fact that it evokes a sense of danger. The preservation of vegetation on historical fortifications is advisable because it helps to maintain the mystery that some visitors might enjoy. These findings may help to successfully plan and design sustainable urban green spaces that are visually and socially accessible.

Exploring seasonal diurnal surface temperature variation in cities based on ECOSTRESS data: A local climate zone perspective.

High urban temperatures affect city livability and may be harmful for inhabitants. Analyzing spatial and temporal differences in surface temperature and the thermal impact of urban morphological heterogeneity can promote strategies to improve the insulation of the urban thermal environment. Therefore, we analyzed the diurnal variation of land surface temperature (LST) and seasonal differences in the Fifth Ring Road area of Beijing from the perspective of the Local Climate Zone (LCZ) using latest ECOSTRESS data. We used ECOSTRESS LST data with a resolution of 70 m to accurately interpret the effects of urban morphology on the local climate. The study area was dominated by the LCZ9 type (sparse low-rise buildings) and natural LCZ types, such as LCZA/B (woodland), LCZD (grassland), and LCZG (water body), mainly including park landscapes. There were significant differences in LST observed in different seasons as well as day and night. During daytime, LST was ranked as follows: summer > spring > autumn > winter. During night-time, it was ranked as follows: summer > autumn > spring > winter. All data indicated that the highest and lowest LST was observed in summer and winter, respectively. LST was consistent with LCZ in terms of spatial distribution. Overall, the LST of each LCZ during daytime was higher than that of night-time during different seasons (except winter), and the average LST of each LCZ during the diurnal period in summer was higher than that of other seasons. The LST of each LCZ during daytime in winter was lower than that of the corresponding night-time, which indicates that it is colder in the daytime during winter. The results presented herein can facilitate improved analysis of spatial and temporal differences in surface temperature in urban areas, leading to the development of strategies aimed at improving livability and public health in cities.

How the amount of greenery in city parks impacts visitor preferences in the context of naturalness, legibility and perceived danger

Understanding how the physical characteristics of city parks impact the perceptions of visitors is a factor that designers may well find useful. Many studies have been made on the influence of the quantity of vegetation in parks, and how natural it looks, on visitor preferences, but the mechanisms underlying this impact are still insufficiently understood. We attempt to identify the nature of the relationship between naturalness, legibility, perceived safety and preference taking into account the complexity of these relationships in urban parks.We analysed the correlations between the variables and the mediating effects. We applied a within-subjects design whereby 127 participants evaluated a set of 120 eye-level photographs of park landscapes. We evaluated a number of mediation models while testing hypotheses regarding the mediating role of legibility in how the quantity of greenery and naturalness impacts perceived safety and preferences towards park landscapes.All the hypotheses presented, verified via analysis of indirect effects, were confirmed. Legibility mediates naturalness and safety – the naturalness of a park itself is not a source of fear as long as the park has a clear layout. Moreover, the influence of the amount of greenery on preferences is partly explained by naturalness and legibility: more greenery enhances a landscape’s natural feel, while a landscape that is extremely natural has lower legibility, which leads to lower preferences. Finally, perceived safety turned out to be a mediator between naturalness and preference – naturalness is not popular in a park because it lowers sense of safety.The research does not offer an indication as to whether visitors prefer parks with copious or sparse greenery, or wild-looking or sculpted vegetation. However, it has shown that parks with natural vegetation tend not to be popular when they are illegible and dangerous – nature and a large amount of greenery per se do not evoke negative feelings.

Research on an Aging-Friendly Design of Urban Park Landscape Based on Computer Virtual Simulation Technology

Influenced by economic development and the information society, more elderly people are more willing to go to urban parks for activities. Among them, comprehensive parks are the first choice for most elderly people. However, most urban parks are currently constructed according to adult. There are very few researches and practices on the age-appropriate design of urban parks, and the richness, safety, and comfort of the elderly’s activities cannot be guaranteed. In view of this situation, this paper studies the aging-appropriate design of urban comprehensive parks and proposes an aging-friendly design scheme for urban park landscapes based on computer virtual simulation technology from the four aspects of layout, type, distribution, and construction, systematically researched the activity space system for the elderly, and realized the virtual simulation display effect of urban park landscape. Research shows that the design scheme proposed in this paper solves the problem of interaction between buildings and users, breaks the traditional landscape design presentation form, and saves the cost of modification and production of traditional models, which is suitable for the aging and popularization of future urban park projects, providing an effective reference.

Особливості проєктування екологічних стежок Надслучанського регіонального ландшафтного парку за матеріалами дистанційних знімань та засобів ГІС

The purpose of this work is to design the routes of ecological trails according to modern technologies (for example, Nadsluchansky Regional Landscape Park) for recreational development and use of territories. The park itself is located in the Rivne region in the valley of the river Sluch, covers an area of over 17 thousand hectares and includes many sites of environmental, historical and recreational importance. Method. Preliminary design of ecological trails was performed on the basis of satellite imagery (radar images Sentinel-1 and multispectral Sentinel-2), which are distinguished by many important features, among which, above all, note the high frequency of imaging, global coverage, the availability of and free access to research. To perform this task, digital terrain models, thematic and index maps, composite images were obtained. At the final stage of modeling, specialized ArcGIS software was used. Results. As a result of the performed work, 5 routes of pedestrian and 2 equestrian health-cognitive ecological trails with corresponding maps, profiles, catalogs of coordinates, descriptions of routes and viewpoints, photos, etc. were designed. Scientific novelty and practical significance. To create routes of ecological trails, the proposed technique was implemented for the first time and proved its effectiveness. It allowed to achieve a significant reduction in the duration of work, the cost of field research and take into account the necessary features of the territory. Prior to that, there were no such trails in the Nadsluchansky Landscape Park. As the ecological tourist network in Ukraine has not yet been formed, the use of this approach at other sites of environmental importance will allow faster and more efficient development of this important segment, and it will help solve a number of environmental, cultural, social and economic problems. The information provided also provides an opportunity for those wishing to use such smartphones to make such trips on their own.

Dancers, Mountains, and People in the Fields

Dancers, Mountains, and People in the Fields

Audio-Visual Analysis of Visitors’ Landscape Preference for City Parks: A Case Study from Zhangzhou, China

Soundscape perception is increasingly recognized as an important part of landscape preference and environmental experience. However, few studies have juxtaposed visual landscape preference and soundscape preference to compare their contributions to overall landscape preference. This paper aims to quantify and compare the contribution of audiovisual perception to visitors’ overall park landscape preference. The landscape preferences of visitors at seven sample sites in a city park were investigated through field questionnaires in three dimensions: visual landscape, acoustic landscape, and audiovisual landscape. The results showed that visitors’ visual landscape preference (VLP = 7.53) was generally higher than soundscape preference (SP = 7.08), while the influence of auditory preference (57%) on overall landscape preference (OLP) was found to be greater than that of visual preference (43%). The ratio of audio/visual contribution to the overall landscape preference decreased as the average sound level of the sample sites increased. Of all the population characteristics, only the educational level (sig = 0.034) could be used as an effective predictor of OLP (Impact coefficient = −0.103). In addition, older visitors rated OLP lower than young visitors, and females rated OLP lower than males. It was found that visual harmony, color richness, color contrast, plant coverage, and plant diversity were the main visual landscape attributes that influenced visitors’ visual preferences, while acoustic harmony, quietness, sound vitality, and acoustic richness were the main soundscape attributes that impacts visitors’ auditory preference. The results of this study may be useful for park landscape design and regeneration.

Data-Driven Winter Landscape Design and Pleasant Factor Analysis of Elderly Friendly Parks in Severe Cold Cities in Northeast China under the Background of Artificial Intelligence

Urban parks not only combine the greening of the city with the natural landscape but also are places for people’s daily fitness, leisure, entertainment, and activities to meet their psychological needs. At present, the design of our country’s northeast severe cold city park is not perfect, which cannot fully highlight the regional characteristics and show the local winter natural landscape. Under the background of the lagging development of the northeast severe cold city park, we use artificial intelligence technology and data-driven algorithm to design a new northeast severe cold city elderly friendly park. The experimental results are as follows: (1) we analyze the development trend of population aging in our country. As the main demanders of urban parks, the elderly determined the research direction of the experiment, investigated the needs of different people for the park, and designed the function of the park according to the needs of the park. (2) On the basis of retaining the traditional garden design, show artificial intelligence technology in the design of urban parks and transforming the urban park design with intelligent construction can not only let tourists have better entertainment and exercise but also enable residents to better invest in the park surroundings. Intelligent park design can not only show the unique park landscape but also relieve the pressure of tourists.

Comparison of the Chemical Composition of Selected Varieties of Elderberry with Wild Growing Elderberry.

Elderberries of wild-growing shrubs are most often used; however, various cultivated varieties of this shrub appear more and more often. The aim of this research was to compare the fruit composition of specific varieties with those grown wild in urban and ecologically clean conditions. Six varieties of elderberry grown on one experimental farm and two wild-growing samples from the city center and the landscape park were assessed. The content of vitamin C, antioxidant activity, sugar and organic acid content, triterpenes and carotenoids was marked in the tested fruits. The analyses show that there were significant differences in the content of the tested ingredients between the varieties tested, while the place of cultivation was of less importance. Apart from organic acids and triterpenes, fruits from wild-growing shrubs were more abundant in other compounds determined. The white variety of ‘Albida’ turned out to be the poorest in bioactive compounds.

Geoecological contradictions in the functioning of urban ecosystems in conditions of increased anthropogenic impact and abnormal weather-climate changes


 
 
 The risks of abnormal temperatures and rainfall on urban ecosystems have been assessed. According to urban ecosystems study results, the scale of anthropogenic changes in the functioning of green zones, urban and suburban regional landscape parks is demonstrated. It has been established that negative changes in components’ state of landscape systems contribute to the effective manifestation of a number of adverse processes and phenomena (reduction of groundwater levels, intensification of droughts, soil erosion and deflation, their dehumidification, depletion of landscape and biotic diversity, etc.). The SWOT-analysis method demonstrated the positive role of green zones in the functioning of urban ecosystems and its negative effects on the complex green zones. At the basic stage of the study on the example of the Ternopil urban system the dynamics of the temperatures and precipitation during 60-year period has been demonstrated, the differences in the temperature indicators of the surfaces of different districts of the city have been clarified. It is established that industrial, residential neighborhoods, shopping centers, transport infrastructure experience the greatest temperature fluctuations. The morphology of the earth’s surface, the presence of depressions, significant angles of earth’s surface inclination, the ratio of green zones with built-up and covered with asphalt, pavement, concrete and road network systems and storm sewers, etc. is an important factor in the intensification of slope water runoff in urban systems. The vulnerability of Ternopil urban system to climate change has been analyzed. Temperature calculations of various city surfaces have been done. The features of moisture circulation on artificial and natural surfaces of urban system have been shown schematically. The flooding regular risk places of the lowered parts of the city territory have been revealed. The runoff coefficients and the combined runoff coefficient for different surfaces of the city have been calculated. Based on these data, the surface runoff volumes in case of heavy rain have been calculated. It has been proven that in the event of torrential rains, the existing rainwater drainage system will not cope with the volume of runoff, causing flooding and inundation of urban zones. A set of measures aimed at preventing flooding of buildings, communications and streets, increasing the rate of safe removal of surface runoff from places of its concentration in the urban system has been proposed.
 
 

Usage behavior and health benefit perception of youth in urban parks: A case study from Qingdao, China.

With the development of the urban park, people's cognition of the relationship between the environment and public health has been improved, and higher requirements for the living environment have been put forward. As an important group of park users, youths often have different needs regarding the health benefits brought by urban parks. To explore the potential relationship among youth's satisfaction with urban parks, their usage behavior, and health benefit perception, this article presents some constructive suggestions for the development of healthy landscapes in urban parks. Researchers have selected five typical urban parks from different areas in Qingdao, China. Furthermore, we have used the survey method by combining the practices of “issuing questionnaires, observing and interviewing” with the goal of collecting data on 500 park visitors in autumn, including information on social demography, the satisfaction of park landscape variables, and usage behavior and health perception. A linear regression model has been used to analyze the correlation among “landscape variables,” “usage behavior,” and “health benefit perception.” Results have shown that urban green landscapes and waterscapes can significantly affect youth's social health perception and static behavior. Moreover, static behaviors such as relaxation have a great impact on mental health perception. The results of this study will be beneficial in understanding youth's needs for landscapes when using urban parks. In addition, it will provide insight for the urban planners and landscape designers to design urban parks from the perspective of youth.