Parks In Ukraine Research Articles

POLICY FRAMEWORK TO COVER ECO-INDUSTRIAL PARKS PILLARS

The concept of eco-industrial parks has gained significant global attention, particularly in the context of sustainable development goals, which emphasize the necessity of balancing economic growth with environmental stewardship. Industrial zones and industrial parks have traditionally contributed to economic output; however, their environmental footprints present challenges, necessitating a shift toward more sustainable industrial practices. In Ukraine, the need for eco-industrial transformation is further exacerbated by its unique socio-political and economic conditions, where resource efficiency and environmental sustainability are critical for long-term industrial competitiveness. This study aims to propose a comprehensive policy framework for the establishment and governance of eco-industrial parks in Ukraine, focusing on creating a balance between industrial growth and sustainable practices. By utilising mixed-method approach, combining both qualitative and quantitative research methods, this research integrates global experiences—particularly those from China, Italy, and Vietnam—into a model that can be adapted to Ukraine’s specific needs. Key pillars such as regulatory support, management commitment, environmental performance, and industrial symbiosis were identified as central to the successful implementation of eco-industrial parks. The findings demonstrate that structured policy interventions, supported by governmental commitment and cross-sector collaboration, can significantly enhance resource efficiency, reduce emissions, and promote sustainable development. Additionally, the study emphasizes the importance of aligning industrial and urban planning to foster a holistic approach to sustainable development. The practical implications of this research suggest that by adopting a robust policy framework, Ukraine can improve its environmental performance in industrial zones, enhance industrial competitiveness, and contribute to broader national sustainability goals. This framework can serve as a guide for policymakers and stakeholders, offering a clear roadmap for the transition toward eco-industrial parks that are aligned with both national objectives and international sustainability commitments.

Science parks: analysis of international experience and development prospects in Ukraine

The object of the research is the issues related to the creation of science parks in Ukraine at a new level in the process of its post-war reconstruction. In this paper, the main focus is on the analysis of the very concept of «science park» and the experience of some international ones, which are most suitable for the domestic plans for the transformation of the Ukrainian economy and its social infrastructure. Also researched the initiative of the Kharkiv city government to create the so-called «science quarter», which would absorb all the best that exists in the world in the field of science parks, and would have its own «highlight». As a result of this study, it was established that the creation and functioning of science parks is an important component of the modern world economy, which should be given serious attention in the process of post-war transformation of the Ukrainian economy. Moreover, the process of developing a strategy for the construction of such science parks should be started now, without waiting for the end of the war. A good example of this is the start of work on the project to create a science park in Kharkiv called «Science Quarter» as part of the development of a city recovery plan with the help of specialists from various international organizations, universities, banks and funds. The article analyses the activities of some similar science parks in Poland, which can be used as a guide in this process, and provides recommendations for the improvement and enhancement of certain basic elements of the future Kharkiv science park. As a result, it was concluded that thanks to the hard work of the city authorities with the support of international institutions, active work is being done to develop a city reconstruction strategy at a fundamentally new level in Kharkiv, within which a significant place is given to the implementation of the «Science Quarter» project. The success of the latter will depend not only on the experienced team of specialists implementing this project and the receipt of the necessary funding, but also, first of all, on the success of our defenders in repelling russian aggression.

Індустріальні парки Львівської агломерації: стан, досвід, перспективи

The article is devoted to the study of the status and prospects for the development of industrial parks in the Lviv agglomeration, as well as the analysis of foreign experience in the functioning of industrial parks in agglomerations. The relevance of measures to implement the State Strategy for Regional Development for 2021–2027 regarding the support of territories such as agglomerations is argued, this is evidenced by the institutional arrangement of the Lviv agglomeration even in times of war. It is noted that when creating a modern model of reindustrialization in Ukraine with a focus on exports and in general an innovative ecosystem of agglomerations, the creation and development of industrial parks as modern concentrators of the industrial, investment and research potential of the agglomeration will be of paramount importance. Emphasis is placed on the advantages of the functioning of industrial parks within the agglomeration, in particular through: achieving synergy for the growth of economic development of the agglomeration; direct impact on the provision of humanitarian, environmental, security and spatial organization of the agglomeration; creation of the effect of increasing returns due to the effective combination of production and infrastructure, high technologies, research and development sphere. It is proved that the industrial parks of the Lviv agglomeration today are the least developed form of the innovation ecosystem of the agglomeration, the potential of which, unlike clusters or export enterprises of the agglomeration, has not yet been used at all. It is concluded that the institutional component of the development of industrial parks in Ukraine, and in particular within the Lviv agglomeration, should become a priority in the implementation of the State regional policy and strategies for the development of individual territorial communities in the near future. After all, foreign experience proves the close interweaving of urban agglomeration and its industrial parks, whose activities in Ukraine, even with the current institutional design, open up a promising environmentally oriented direction for them.

Current Status and Features of the Development of Technoparks in Ukraine

Introduction. The R&D potential of innovation infrastructure entities is a key factor in the implementation of innovation-driven development of the national economy, with technology park being precisely the innovation structure that unites it, ensuring the functioning of the model.Problem Statement. Many aspects of regulatory, financial, and information framework of technoparks have been not settled so far. Methodological approaches to assessing the park efficiency have been underdeveloped. In this context, there is the necessity in the theoretical justification and the formation of a holistic view of the status and features of their activity in the conditions of the protracted aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine.Purpose. The purpose of the research is to analyze the problems of domestic technology parks, to identify their capabilities, and to determine the trends in their development under the present-day conditions.Material and Methods. The methods of dialectical and complex research have been employed: the empirical evaluation to identify the available methods of evaluating the activity of technoparks; the theoretical and cognitive analysis to determine the essence and to justify the features of technology parks; the general methods to identifymethodological problems of integrating technology parks into the financial system and describing approaches to the concept of an innovation form of business.Results. The development of technology parks in Ukraine, their government support, systematized criteria for evaluating their efficiency have been analyzed. It has been determined that the priority in the creation of technology parks should be given to industries with high export potential. It has been proven that technology parks minimize the duration of the "research-development-implementation" cycle, the main tasks for their improvement in Ukraine have been outlined.Conclusions. Technoparks are the most successful form of integration of science and production, which ensures rapid development, implementation, and use of innovations. Improving the legal framework for their operation in order to create the same operating conditions for all, not only for "selected" technology parks, increases competition between them, while modernizing the tax policy contributes to the growth of in-house sources of financing and their direction to the development of promising innovation projects.

INNOVATION PARKS CREATION IN THE TERMS OF THE INFORMATION SPACE FUNCTIONING

The article examines the leading principles of designing and creating innovative parks in Ukraine. The organizational and legal foundations of the organization of the innovation park were analyzed, the components of their infrastructure, components of the service provision system, as well as sources of financing were investigated. The purpose of the article is to analyze the prospects for the development of innovation parks in the conditions of the functioning of the information space. Prospective directions for the use of domestic and foreign experience of innovation parks in conditions of active development of the information space have been determined. The experience, history of creation, creation and development prospects and features of the implementation of innovation parks were analyzed, the possibilities of reorganization and development of modern innovation parks of Ukraine were determined, and ways of their improvement were proposed. The main conditions for creating a favorable environment are determined, the main approaches that have the greatest financial and economic efficiency in the chosen field of activity are determined, taking into account the current and modern requirements for the development of all branches of production, in particular, the field of information and telecommunication technologies. The main active projects and innovation parks in Ukraine, which are actively developing and have great potential, despite the difficult conditions in which the country has recently been, have been studied. It has been proven that modern science and innovation parks have one of the leading values, in particular, the processes and results of their interaction with leading companies in the IT industry, which affect the quality of training of specialists who will have relevant knowledge in the field of information and communication technologies, have been investigated.

ЕКОНОМІЧНИЙ РОЗВИТОК МІСЦЕВОГО ПІДПРИЄМНИЦТВА В УМОВАХ ІНСТИТУЦІЙНИХ ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЙ ГРОМАД

The article is devoted to the study of the theoretical and methodological foundations of the economic development of local entrepreneurship in the conditions of institutional transformations. The article notes that local entrepreneurship is an important component of mobilizing institutional factors of recovery and progressive local economic development. At the same time, a necessary con- dition for the successful economic development of entrepreneurship is a favorable institutional environment, which should form appropriate rules (norms) designed to regulate the course of social processes at the local level. The article examines the theoretical foundations of the formation and functioning of the institutional environment for the economic development of entrepreneurship. In particular, it is noted that the institutional environment forms a set of institutional (a set of institutions) and institutional (personnel, financial and credit, information, material and technical) support, as well as a set of normative and legal acts. The article emphasizes that the main subjects that form the institutional environment of the economic development of entrepreneurship are the state authorities and local self-government bodies, which are authorized by society to exercise power functions. The main dynamic indicators characterizing the trends in the development of entrepreneurial activity in the relevant territory (on the example of the Poltava region) are highlighted separately. The article substantiates that in the context of institutional tools for ensuring the economic development of local entrepreneurship, industrial parks, co-working spaces and business incubators are of particular importance. The scientific work contains a generalization of the theoretical foundations of the creation and functioning of industrial parks in Ukraine, defines the main strategic goals of the development of industrial parks in accordance with the Strategy for the Development of Industrial Parks of Ukraine for 2023-2030. The article states that the prospect of strengthening cooperation between local business and local self-government bodies should be: establishment of system communication, implementation of business promotion tools, activation of work on attraction of internal and external investments, systematic information on investment opportunities, etc.

Foreign experience in managing natural park areas

Although the importance of preserving the environment and encouraging public recreation in national parks is widely recognized, challenges to achieving these goals remain. With over a century of national park management experience, the institutional knowledge of national park systems in the European Union and the United States can offer valuable insights into best management practices. Effective and sustainable management of a national park requires an organizational structure at the state level with respect for local institutions at the park level, involvement of stakeholders in park management decisions, public involvement encouraged by information sharing and education, clarity of boundaries, improved relations with landowners of adjacent lands, and give priority to improving relations with the indigenous population. It has been determined that better park management relies on education to increase public awareness of the importance of national parks and park systems. Tourism and climate change were identified as creating increasing challenges for park management, underscoring the shared urgency of addressing these challenges. The foreign experience on the example of the European Union and the United States of America regarding the management of the territories of natural parks is studied. Three methods of using information on management efficiency are characterized: programming, which includes identifying problems and setting priorities; adaptive management, which is based on the use of performance data for the purpose of continuous improvement of management processes; accountability, which means providing reports and answers about activities and performance. It has been proven that in modern times, due to restrictions established by legislation, the territories of national parks in Ukraine do not have wide access for organized mass tourism and recreation.

Assessment and representation of Urban Trees Ecosystem Services: a case study in Pryzamkovyi park

Abstract The research was aimed at verification of the possibility and expediency of applying i-Tree Eco tools in order to assess the value of ecosystem trees and bushes by the example of one of the parks in Ukraine and representation of the obtained information on an interactive map. For this purpose, the inventory of 228 urban trees in Pryzamkovyi park was conducted and the possibility of its adjustment to the conditions in Ukraine was assessed. The obtained information was analysed and visualised, and the advantages and disadvantages of this process were determined. The scope of the provided ecosystem services for park spaces was specified and it was determined that urban trees in Pryzamkovyi park have a €12.38 million replacement value and the average indicator of annual usefulness of ecosystem services provided by one tree plant or one bush plant in the park is equal to €15.75 per year, according to i-Tree Eco assessment. In order to improve the process of obtaining, processing and visualising materials, an orthophotomap based on unmanned aerial vehicle survey materials was applied. It allowed increasing the accuracy and improving the visualisation of the geolocation of trees and bushes. In order to familiarise a greater number of users with this information, electronic maps of vegetation that display the location of trees and bushes and their ecosystem services, both in quantity and monetary terms, were offered. The peculiarity and the scientific novelty of the approaches to solving the assigned task is the improvement of the process of informing the interested parties about the ecosystem services of a specific tree in the park and green plantations in the park as a whole. The suggested approaches to assessing the value of urban trees and their ecosystem services give ground to emphasise the value of these plants for urban ecosystems, to substantiate the expediency of implementing environmental measures as well as the need to increase the funding of these measures as a compensation for the services provided by trees and plants. At the same time, it is worth mentioning the expediency of conducting further research on this subject and the related issues, which requires follow-up studying.

Study of the competitiveness of industrial parks using conjoint analysis

In an environment of high competition, globalization, war and certain restrictions of the World Trade Organization, Ukraine is forced to look for new ways to revive its economy. Today, one of the tools for the future development of Ukraine’s economy is the creation, development and operation of industrial parks. The article analyzes the market of industrial parks in Ukraine: current state and development prospects. Using the PESTEL analysis, the author studies the factors influencing the strength of competition in this area. The analysis of scientific sources and the results of the authors’ research suggests that the level of competitiveness of industrial parks in Ukraine depends on the rental price of office and production space, the cost of labor in the region, the level of infrastructure development, the developer’s image and the distance to the border with the EU countries. Conjoint analysis is a popular and reliable statistical method for studying the preferences of future consumers of a product or service. With this tool’s help, the article deter-mines the importance of factors that affect the competitiveness of industrial parks in Ukraine. It should be noted that this method also makes it possible to assess the level of competitiveness at given values of each factor, which will allow concentrating the efforts and resources of the en-terprise (industrial park) on increasing the level of the most important ones.

Methodology for the development of management plans of nature-reserved territories

In Ukraine, the formation of the Emerald Network, which consists of special nature conservation areas, is underway. According to the resolutions and recommendations of the EU, a management plan must be developed for the objects of the Emerald Network, which will define both short-term and long-term management goals and ways to achieve them. Ukraine is developing a legislative framework for the objects of the Emerald Network. The definition of a management plan proposed by various authors for protected areas is given. It is proposed to consider a management plan as a document that implements the development strategy of a nature reserve object with specified projects and determined financial resources that will ensure their implementation. The advantages of having management plans and the requirements for their development are outlined. An author’s approach to the development of management plans is proposed, the stages of its construction are defined. Projects for the organization of the park territory are being developed for protected objects, in particular national natural parks in Ukraine. A comparative analysis of management plans and projects of the organization was carried out. Proposals on the use of management plans in the work of nature protection institutions of Ukraine have been developed.

INVESTMENT CLIMATE RESEARCH MODELS OF INDUSTRIAL PARKS OF UKRAINE

The investment climate characterizes the object's attractiveness for a domestic or foreign investor. It is evaluated using various statistical analysis methods, but there has yet to be a universally accepted method of its evaluation now. Therefore, applying economic and mathematical modeling will allow for assessing the relationship between the economic development of regions and their investment climate. The purpose of this research is to apply economic and mathematical tools for the assessment and analysis of the investment climate of industrial parks of Ukraine within specific regions and industries, to forecast the level of capital investments in the regions, as well to evaluate the relationship between the economic development of the region and its investment climate to determine the investment attractiveness of the areas, to diagnose the factors that have the most significant influence on the volume of capital investments and the formation of the investment climate. State clusters were determined and interpreted based on the cluster analysis results. Based on quarterly data, capital investments in the regions were investigated with the trend and seasonal components for certain representatives of clusters and regions. Forecasts were built based on the decomposition models, the level of adequacy of which was confirmed by the indicator of the average percentage absolute error as a high level of reliability. Models for assessing the relationship between the economic development of the region and its investment climate were implemented, and it was determined that the formation of the investment climate, namely the indicator of the volume of capital investment, is most influenced by the volume of exports and retail trade. Three methodological approaches are proposed, such as: assessment of the scale (grouping) of industrial parks; forecast of the level of capital investments in the regions; assessment of the relationship between the economic development of the region and its investment climate to study the investment climate of industrial parks in Ukraine. These methodological approaches will help predict the level of capital investment in the regions where industrial parks are located, as well as assess the relationship between the economic development of the region and its investment climate. The study of economic-mathematical methods and models to evaluate the investment attractiveness of territories, in particular the investment climate, made it possible to create economic-mathematical models of the investment climate of industrial parks of Ukraine, which will allow to determine successful industrial parks, forecast the volume of investments in regions and the factors that most affect the volume capital investment and formation of the investment climate. Economic and mathematical models of the investment climate of industrial parks in Ukraine have been developed. They will allow the development of a strategy for the country's economic activity, contributing to its economic growth. Keywords: economic and mathematical modeling, investment climate, investment attractiveness, industrial park, capital investment, cluster analysis, trend equation, forecast.

Justification of scientific approaches to the management of the territories of national natural parks in modern conditions

Creating nature reserves and objects is an effective way of preserving rare and endangered species of plants and animals and natural complexes that can serve as benchmarks of natural ecosystems for science and practice. Objects of the natural reserve fund, such as national natural parks and nature reserves, are essential elements of the ecological framework of the country, and the issue of effective management of such territories is relevant, especially given the ratification of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the European Union. The article aims to substantiate the optimal strategies and recommendations for the effective management of national natural parks in Ukraine to ensure their nature protection, research, and educational mission, as well as to promote the development of tourism and improve the population's quality of life. During the analysis of the management of the territories of national natural parks, it was established that it does not meet the requirements of modernity due to an inefficient system of state management, violations of environmental protection legislation, insufficient financing of measures to preserve the nature reserve fund, biological and landscape diversity, weak implementation of recreational potential. It was determined that the main problems are the need for actual management plans, land management projects regarding the organization, and establishing boundaries of the territories of the nature reserve fund for national natural parks that are practically underdeveloped. In connection with this, a large part of the parks needs to have established boundaries. In the structure of the area of the national natural parks of Ukraine, economic zones prevail (on average 60-90% of the park area), while the average value of the area of the protected zone, as a rule, does not exceed 20%. It was established that practical management activities depend significantly on the awareness of the importance of national natural parks for the country's nature protection system. Therefore, the reform of the management of nature protection territories implemented by the government of Ukraine to preserve landscape and biological diversity is timely. Based on this, during the research, it was established that the main aspects of effective management of the territories of national natural parks in modern conditions should be legal establishment of park status, development, and implementation of a management plan, drawing up a nature protection strategy with the identification of critical areas, recreation, and education, scientific research, provision financing, cooperation and communication, monitoring, and evaluation. The main goal of ensuring effective management of national natural parks is to preserve nature and ensure access for people with minimal impact on nature. Such management should be implemented through developing and implementing strategies and development plans that consider the preservation of natural resources and the needs of society in recreation, public opinion, protection from natural and anthropogenic threats, and international standards. Keywords: nature reserve fund; land protection, national natural parks, sustainable development, natural resources, management activities.

ІНДУСТРІАЛЬНІ ПАРКИ ЯК МЕХАНІЗМ ПОСТКОНФЛІКТНОГО ВІДНОВЛЕННЯ УКРАЇНИ

The article examines the essence of the concepts of special economic zones such as "industrial parks". The world experience of creation of industrial parks in the Czech Republic, Poland, South Korea and Turkey is studied. The conditions and the list of benefits that facilitated the attraction of foreign investment in the creation of new industrial parks are determined. The value and impact on the economic situation of the countries where special economic zones have been implemented are determined. Industrial parks have brought significant economic success, which has become a major factor in accelerated economic development, in particular, the growth of real gross domestic product and exports. The article analyses the state of development of industrial parks in Ukraine after the beginning of the full-scale armed aggression of the Russian Federation. The problems of creation, operation and expansion of industrial parks during the martial law in Ukraine are identified. In order to avoid the complete destruction of enterprises and industry, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine approved the Action Plan for the relocation of production facilities from the areas of active hostilities to safer central and western regions of the country. The largest share of relocated enterprises is made up of wholesale and retail trade, processing industry, motor vehicle repair, professional, scientific, technical activities, and construction enterprises. This article identifies the institutional problems of creating a favourable investment climate in Ukraine before the war, including political, economic and legal instability. The war and attacks on the energy system have had a negative impact on the investment climate in Ukraine since the start of Russia's full-scale armed aggression. The activity of industrial parks in Ukraine remains insufficient due to a number of systemic shortcomings in the preparation and implementation of initiatives to create industrial parks. Insufficient experience of the initiators and imperfect legislative regulation of certain aspects have a negative impact on the investment climate, as potential participants in special economic zones do not receive offers to locate production facilities.

CIRCULAR ECONOMY AND SOURCES OF FUNDING FOR SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL CLUSTERS

In the article from the standpoint of sustainable economic development, the introduction of circular economy principles into production activity is considered. A study of relevant publications was carried out, which reflected the latest achievements of science and practice of the leading countries of America, Europe, and Asia, and a typology of circular economy research was compiled. The author's feature of the typology is proposed - the search for directions for the formation and development of a scientific and technological cluster. As a means of implementing circular economy programs, projects, measures, the definition and formation of funding sources for scientific and technological clusters are proposed.The problem of financing research and development in Ukraine in comparison with the countries of Europe, North America and Asia was examined, which showed the impossibility of correcting the situation with the help of budget funding in the coming years. Based on the results of the analysis of the specific weight of research and development costs in relation to GDP, a low level of funding for this area of ​​activity in Ukraine was revealed. The need to involve business circles in the financing of research and development requires the use of such an organizational form of work as technoparks. Taking into account the European integration processes and the world experience of creating technology parks with the participation of universities, or territorially separated structures, as well as existing technology parks in Ukraine, it is proposed to form scientific and technological clusters. Scientific and technological clusters should include technoparks, universities, institutes of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, design and technological structures (institutes, bureaus), and production enterprises. This will allow the most effective use of scientific and engineering potential and production capacity under the matrix system of managing all types of cluster resources in the current conditions.The article proposes the use of methods of analysis, analogy, comparison, induction, statistical, which allowed to thoroughly study the range of issues and draw the appropriate conclusions.

Vulnerability and adaptation of protected areas to climate chan¬ges: case study of National Natural Parks in Ukraine

The observed trends of climate changes are strong enough to affect the living process in natural communities. This paper deals with the assessment of vulnerability and progress of National Natural Parks of Ukraine towards adaptation of their ecosystems to growing pressure of climate change. The vulnerability of the National Natural Parks to the effects of climate changes depends on their sensitivity, formed due to intrinsic attributes, like level of endemism and specific microclimate conditions at certain area. From the other side, some managerial solutions framed into the action plan for assisted climate adaptation of protected areas is also the factor of vulnerability or resilience. The assessment undertaken in the given paper addresses both components. At the first stage, the signs of climate changes at 51 parks of Ukraine (excluding those created less than 3 years ago) were studied based on the data from open sources, reports to the authorities and personal feedbacks from the staff. Then these data were summarized in terms of natural zones and generalized to define the most profound effects observed. Finally, the information about the presence and implementation of adaptation measures in the National Natural Parks was collected and evaluated as contributor to building adaptation capacity of the sites. Sensitivity and adaptation potential were rated using standard scale and the level of vulnerability was assigned to each park. The results showed varied level of vulnerability with the natural parks of the Steppe and Ukrainian Carpathians region demonstrating the highest levels. The research has also revealed generally low level of attention to the issues of climate changes on the whole and adaptation strategies implementation in particular in the activity of the National Natural Parks. However, some of the objects have already entered succession processes and diversity transformations. The most well studied issue is invasions, which are also the most covered by the countermeasures. Considering the uniqueness and high value of the ecosystems of the National Natural Parks of Ukraine, it is necessary to develop and implement action plans for the adaptation of these protected areas. At the same time, the problems typical for different natural parks are often specific due to attribution to certain natural zones, composition of communities, physical features of the territory and other properties, and therefore the creation of a universal adaptation procedure is complicated. Nevertheless, the article sets the main directions of work, which can become the basis of the corresponding adaptation plans of all parks.

"Official" and "private" parks of the XVIII–XIX centuries through the prism of general landscape trends of the time

The article analyzes the basic principles of landscape design of the imperial and aristocratic parks in the Russian Empire in the XVIII–XIX centuries. There were "official" parks designed to be visited by high-ranking guests, and "private" parks, which were not covered by the canons of the "official" park. In the Tsarskoye Selo imperial residence Catherine's Park performed the function of "official" with the appropriate function of pomp, and located next to it Alexander's Park –respectively, the function of "private" imperial park. Catherine's Park became a model to follow one of the mostfamous parks in modern Ukraine –Oleksandriia Park in the city of Bila Tserkva. The common and different between Tsarskoye Selo park residence and aristocratic parks in Ukraine are analyzed, the principles of planning of these parks and the main constituent elements are compared. Based on this, the basic principles of planning parks of the Classicism and Empire style era in Ukraine and the "iconic" set of pavilions are determined. The general canons of the "Ossian Park" and their specific embodiment are analyzed on the example of Sofiivka Park in Uman. It was determined that the "Ossian Park" based on the canons is opposite to the parks of Classicism-Empire style.The methods of historical and culturological analysis, method of comparative analysis, method of field surveys used.

Tax and customs preferences und er the condition s of martial state in Ukraine

Problem setting. Business in wartime conditions faces a large number of problems, among which the main ones are: a decrease in demand for products, an increase in the prices of raw materials and materials, a lack of working capital, problems with delivery and export, a shortage of fuel and an increase in its prices. The absence of a functioning business in the country, or even in some of its regions, has a negative impact on the amount of income to the budget, and also has a negative impact on the labor market. Thus, since the beginning of the full-scale war of Russia against Ukraine, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine has adopted a number of significant changes to the legislation, which provide for a significant relaxation of taxation for businesses during the period of martial law. This position of the legislator is quite logical and well-argued, since the wartime economy needs tax liberalization. In particular, it is about reducing the tax burden and simplifying their administration procedures. Analysis of recent researches and publications. Such researchers as: O. Dmytryk, V. Ryadinska, O. Semchyk, K. Tokarieva and others are engaged in researching current problems of tax and legal regulation. However, taking into account the fact that Russia’s military aggression against Ukraine caused a large number of changes to the current legislation, new legal norms of tax and customs regulation were introduced, there is a need for appropriate monitoring of new changes. Target of the article is to analyze some tax and customs preferences in the conditions of martial law in Ukraine. Article’s main body. The article analyzes a number of tax and customs preferences under martial law in Ukraine. It is emphasized that the wartime economy needs to reduce the tax burden on business and simplify the procedures for the administration of taxes and fees. Preferences for industrial parks in Ukraine are considered as one of the directions of development of post-war Ukraine. Conclusions and prospects for the development. The above testifies to the comprehensive approach of the legislator to granting preferences in industrial production, in particular, for the activity of industrial parks in Ukraine. Such changes are considered positive given the fact that in the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine, issues related to the introduction of modern technologies into all spheres of social life, the development and integration of innovations into production processes are becoming more relevant. In addition, the consequences of the military aggression of the Russian Federation had a very negative impact on the national economy of Ukraine, for its restoration it will be necessary to attract large-scale investments, and therefore in every possible way to form a favorable investment climate.

RELEVANCE OF RENOVATION OF URBAN SPACE PARKS ON THE EXAMPLE OF LUZANOVKA HYDROPARK IN ODESSA

The article discusses the possibility of renovating park areas in order to create public spaces, taking into account all the existing problems of this area, the wishes of residents and the foundations of sustainable development. The main objectives of the study are: to analyze the environmental, natural and anthropogenic factors of mutual influence, as well as the interaction of the relevant systems in areas with urban development, its slow development, and especially during reconstruction and renovation; to substantiate the problem of renovation of urban spaces in the ratio of city-forming zones (industrial, rural and recreational); trace the development of park areas in connection with the development of the city and determine ways to solve the problems of renovation of urban spaces; present a comprehensive architectural concept of linking park and recreation areas and development of the coast of the Odessa Bay. After analyzing the history of the emergence and development of parks in Ukraine, first of all, the historical features of the territory where the hydropark "Luzanovka" is located, the importance of this park area for various factors (environmental, social, urban planning, etc.) is revealed. The introduction of new functions in the territories of historical parks, the competent development of an urban planning structure through the renovation and rehabilitation of the territory will lead to an influx of funds and investors, and will make it possible to reproduce and maintain parks at a new historical stage. The article presents the features of the design and renovation of parks, identifies trends in the further development of the territory, presents social and environmental effects, and provides an example of a project for the renovation of the Luzanovka hydropark.

Urban Parks as an Innovative Social Space and a Factor of Social and Environmental Welfare

The relevance of the study is supported by the fact that the key requirements for modern urban parks are their compliance with the needs of public space, along with their high importance in performing environmental functions. Public and environmental criteria for the construction of parks often contradict one another. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to present a clear integrated approach to solving the problem of developing urban parks in Ukraine and provide proposals for their additional financial and institutional support. The main direction of the methodology of scientific research was the system approach, namely its aspects: system-element, system-functional, system-resource and system-communication. The study revealed the importance of promoting parks as public space, and determined their recreational value for residents of modern metropolitan areas, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. The importance of programmatic support for ecosystem services groups of parks that will contribute to their effective operation in terms of social and ecological significance is substantiated. It is proposed to introduce tax incentives and non-market forms of support for enterprises, institutions and organizations that would encourage them to participate in the improvement of parks as one of the ways to solve the lack of funding for parks and stimulate their development. It is indicated that the amount of tax benefits depends on the activity of entrepreneurs in improving parks and creating new green areas, and act on a voluntary basis. The practical value of the work lies in the fact that the recommendations can be used by the authorities in the process of developing programs for the maintenance, financing and operation of parks, in order to increase their environmental and social effectiveness in the welfare of cities

The value of protected man-made parks of the Ukrainian Polissya of the second half of the 18th and early 20th centuries

For thousands of years, human activity has shaped the environment, changing it in accordance with utilitarian and functional requirements. As these requirements changed over time, so did the value that people associated with certain landscape features. Man-made parks created in the Ukrainian Polissya in the second half of the 17th – early 20th century are landscapes, the historical park environment, and modern adaptation of which to the modern functional purpose are valued by modern society and can be considered as ecosystem services of the park. The purpose of the study was to develop and test a methodology for assessing the values of man-made protected parks in the Ukrainian Polissya. The following research methods were used: field surveys (route), analytical, comparative and historic and systematic. To assess the level of ecosystem services provided by 32 parks located on the territory of the Ukrainian Polissya, a methodology was developed and tested that included 19 assessment categories, each of which contained several attributes (1-20). Assessment categories included utilitarian, environmental, educational, etc. Attributes were presented, but were not limited to the presence of a source and/or the presence of medicinal plants (within the utilitarian category), the presence of plantings that perform the functions of river protection and/or soil stabilisation (within the ecological category), and the presence of an educational path (in the educational category). Each attribute was assigned a score of 1 with a sum of values (up to a potential sum of 97), reflecting the level of ecosystem services provided by each individual park. By estimating the sum of values, parks were classified as high-value (sum of values from 70 to 97), medium-value (sum of values from 40 to 69), and low-value (sum of values below 40). Among the 32 parks surveyed, 31 (96.9%) parks were classified as medium-value (most with a sum of values in the range from 50 to 60), and one (3.1%) park was classified as low-value, while no park was classified as high-value. By identifying which of the 19 assessment categories (and attributes) are missing, it is possible to plan and implement improvements to increase the ecosystem services provided by individual parks. This methodology can be used to evaluate ecosystem services provided by man-made parks in Ukraine and around the world. Such an assessment would help preserving existing parks, saving them from destruction and development, thus preventing their transition to other types of land use. It would also increase the value of these unique multi-purpose landscape features in the future by transforming and expanding their cultural and social ecosystem services