Parking Reservation System Research Articles

SCPR: Secure Crowdsourcing-Based Parking Reservation System

The crowdsourcing-based parking reservation system is a new computing paradigm, where private owners can rent their parking spots out. Security is the main concern for parking reservation systems. However, current schemes cannot provide user privacy protection for drivers and have no key agreement functions, resulting in a lot of security problems. Moreover, current schemes are typically based on the time-consuming bilinear pairing and not suitable for real-time applications. To solve these security and efficiency problems, we present a novel security protocol with user privacy called SCPR. Similar to protocols of this field, SCPR can authenticate drivers involved in the parking reservation system. However, different from other well-known approaches, SCPR uses pseudonyms instead of real identities for providing user privacy protection for drivers and designs a novel pseudonym-based key agreement protocol. Finally, to reduce the time cost, SCPR designs several novel cryptographic algorithms based on the algebraic signature technique. By doing so, SCPR can satisfy a number of security requirements and enjoy high efficiency. Experimental results show SCPR is feasible for real world applications.

Agent-Based Modelling and Simulation to Assess the Impact of Parking Reservation System

With the increasing popularity of smart phones, Parking Reservation System (PRS) becomes practical to reduce the travel time in cruising for vacant spaces. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of PRS explicitly. This paper was started with analyzing the processes of cruising for vacant spaces and making parking reservation decisions. The vehicles were divided into two categories: the intelligent vehicles and the regular ones. Only the intelligent vehicles have the ability to make a parking reservation beforehand, while the regular ones have to cruise for vacant spaces. All involved components were treated as different agents, including vehicles, parking lots, network, and management center. Based on this, agent-based simulation was introduced to evaluate the performances of the scenarios with different penetration rates. The simulation results indicate the average travel time increases with the improvement of the penetration rates for the regular vehicles. The assessment method presented in this study would assist in promoting the performances of PRS in urban areas.

The Impact of Bottom-Up Parking Information Provision in a Real-Life Context: The Case of Antwerp

A number of studies have analyzed the possible impacts of bottom-up parking information or parking reservation systems on parking dynamics in abstract simulation environments. In this paper, we take these efforts one step further by investigating the impacts of these systems in a real-life context: the center of the city of Antwerp, Belgium. In our simulation, we assume that all on-street and off-street parking places are equipped with technology able to transmit their occupancy status to so-called smart cars, which can receive information and reserve a parking place. We employ PARKAGENT, an agent-based simulation model, to simulate the behavior of smart and regular cars. We obtain detailed data on parking demand from FEATHERS, an activity-based transport model. The simulation results show that parking information and reservation hardly impact search time but do reduce walking distance for smart cars, leading to a reduction in total parking time, that is, the sum of search time and walking time. Reductions in search time occur only in zones with high occupancy rates, while a drop in walking distance is especially observed in low occupancy areas. Societal benefits of parking information and reservation are limited, because of the low impact on search time and the possible negative health effects of reduced walking distance.

Effective Car Parking Reservation System Based on Internet of things Technologies

Effective Car Parking Reservation System Based on Internet of things Technologies

Exploring Carriers’ Perceptions About City Logistics Initiatives

An attitudinal study conducted in Brasilia, the Federal District of Brazil, is presented. Carrier managers were asked about their operational characteristics, problems faced on urban freight distribution, and a set of city logistics initiatives (CLI). The respondents were also asked about external factors affecting the implementation of these initiatives. The methodology used a Likert-scale scheme to evaluate the responses and to implement nonparametric tests to explore relationships between opinions and carriers’ attributes. The results show that finding parking is considered the main obstacle for efficient urban distribution, followed by traffic congestion and long delivery times. In regard to the CLI, vehicle parking reservation systems and off-hour deliveries are supported by all the carriers interviewed. Local pickup points and unassisted deliveries produce the highest opposition, mainly because these CLI are suitable for specific types of customers and commodities. The results shed light on the factors influencing the implementation of CLI from the point of view of carriers and suggest segments with common operational attributes that could be targeted for each initiative.

Managing morning commute with parking space constraints in the case of a bi-modal many-to-one network

Recently, some studies examined how downtown parking space limitation re-shapes the morning commute in the case of a single origin–destination network. This paper further formulates and analyses the commuting equilibrium problem of both mode and departure time choices in a bi-modal (auto and public transit) many-to-one network. Several properties of the equilibrium under parking space constraints and the proposed parking reservation system are discussed. Procedures for computing the dynamic user equilibrium with a parking space constraint (either trading of reservations is allowed or not) have been developed. We show that parking reservation can help reduce deadweight loss due to parking competition and roadway congestion. We also found that assigning more reservations to travellers from a specific origin does not necessarily reduce total travel cost of them, while doing so might raise the total travel cost of travellers from other origins. When parking supply is less than the potential demand but is relatively large, it is socially preferred to retain some parking spaces open for competition. However, when the total parking supply is relatively small, all parking spaces should be reserved to travellers. Besides, we show that trading of reservations among travellers would yield an efficiency loss. This loss can be fairly large thus trading should be prohibited.

Parking Reservation for Managing Downtown Curbside Parking

This paper discusses a smartphone-based parking reservation system that manages a finite number of curbside parking spaces located at various places in a downtown area. Parking reservation schemes are designed to minimize the total social cost of parking, which is assumed to be a weighted sum of the cruising times for drivers to travel from their current locations to allocated parking spaces and the walking times from parking places to final destinations. With the assumption of perfect information on cruising and walking times, a simple reservation scheme to achieve an optimum allocation of parking spaces is presented. However, although the locations of drivers can be retrieved from their smart-phones, it is shown that drivers have an incentive to misreport their final destinations for their own benefit, which compromises the system benefit. Thus, the Vickrey–Clark–Groves mechanism is applied to determine the allocation of parking spaces and parking fees to minimize the total social cost while ensuring that all drivers report their final destinations truthfully. Last, a revenue redistribution scheme to reduce drivers' financial burden further and increase public acceptance of the reservation system is discussed.

INTELLIGENT APPROACH FOR SMART CAR PARKING RESERVATION AND SECURITY MAINTENANCE SYSTEM

We approach a special system for smart parking reservation and security maintenance in a commercial car parking area in an urban environment. This system mainly designed to avoid unnecessary time conception to find an empty lot in a car parking area. By the same case we can also save more than 80% of fuel wastage in a car parking area to finds the empty parking slot. The reservation process is happening only by user. Hence the user finds the empty parking lot and makes the action of reservation through an internet access by an embedded process control unit (EPCU) with driver’s own knowledge. Here we give the major response to user’s reservation action and hence the driver can reserve his own likely parking slot based on the cost function. Instead of efficient car parking we need a special security options to make our vehicle very safe. By this case we have provided a best security guidance of barrier gate control security system (BGCSS) with the help of embedded process control unit (EPCU). There are number of steps taken to make a reservation with different lighting scheme mechanism (DLSM). We have proposed a system with multi-processing queuing mechanism (MPQM) to avoid multi-user approach problem (MUAP) during reservation process in our smart parking reservation system.

A Secure Parking Reservation System Using GSM Technology

A Secure Parking Reservation System Using GSM Technology

Prediction of parking space availability in real time

Intelligent parking reservation (IPR) systems allow customers to select a parking facility according to their preferences, rapidly park their vehicle without searching for a free stall, and pay their reservation in advance avoiding queues. Some IPR systems interact with in-vehicle navigation systems and provide users with information in real time such as capacity, parking fee, and current parking utilization. However, few of these systems provide information on the forecast utilization at specific hours – a process that requires the study of the competition between parking alternatives for the market share. This paper proposes a methodology for predicting real-time parking space availability in IPR architectures. This methodology consists of three subroutines to allocate simulated parking requests, estimate future departures, and forecast parking availability. Parking requests are allocated iteratively using an aggregated approach as a function of simulated drivers’ preferences, and parking availability. This approach is based on a calibrated discrete choice model for selecting parking alternatives. A numerical comparison between a one-by-one simulation-based forecast and the proposed aggregated approach indicates that no significant discrepancies exists, validating and suggesting the use of the less time consuming proposed aggregated methodology. Results obtained from contrasting predictions with real data yielded small average error availabilities. The forecast improves as the system registers arrivals and departures. Thus, the forecast is adequate for potential distribution in real-time using different media such as Internet, navigation systems, cell phones or GIS.

An effect of social experiment of Parking Reservation Priority System in a world heritage district

The Parking Reservation System which disperse and cut demand to concentrate on temporarily by making a parking reserve has been expected, while main transportation problem such as the queue for parking and traffic in sightseeing spot become obvious. However, There are few real introduced examples under the present conditions in a sightseeing spot. Therefore, in this study, We examined irtroduction of social experiment of parking reservation priority system to grasp effect and receptiveness of parking reservation priority system for world heritage Shirago. And, We ananged the problem for the real introduction ofpaiicing reservation priority system.

Intelligent parking systems

The basic concepts of the parking reservation system and parking revenue management system are discussed in this paper. The proposed “intelligent” parking space inventory control system that is based on a combination of fuzzy logic and integer programming techniques makes “on line” decisions whether to accept or reject a new driver’s request for parking. In the first step of the proposed model, the best parking strategies are developed for many different patterns of vehicle arrivals. These parking strategies are developed using integer programming approach. In the second step, learning from the best strategies, specific rules are defined. The uniqueness of the proposed approach is that the rules are derived from the set of chosen examples assuming that the future traffic arrival patterns are known. The results were found to be close to the best solution assuming that the future arrival pattern is known.

Experimental research on the role of Parking Reservation System in TDM package scheme in tourist areas

When think about transportation demand management (TDM) in tourist areas, it is desired to prepare as many choices as possible, because of considering tourist's diversities. The parking reservation system (PRS) which is aimed to decrease the phenomenon of worsening traffic environment, such as the car searching or waiting for into the parking lots, has come into the limelight as one of the choice of this. In this study, we analyzed the demand which PRS bears, how PRS affect to sightseeing action of sightseers, and the evaluation of sightseers to PRS, in package type TDM including two or more measures.