Parking Reservation System Research Articles

A Proportional Allocation Model for Parking Reservation Systems Considering Entrance Capacity Constraints

A Proportional Allocation Model for Parking Reservation Systems Considering Entrance Capacity Constraints

Two-stage approximation allocation approach for real-time parking reservations considering stochastic requests and reusable resources

The digital economy has greatly impacted the traditional parking industry. This study focuses on a real-time parking reservation system that allocates available parking slots (supplies) to serve the parking requests (demands) of drivers within a certain area. The challenge lies in dealing with the randomness of requests with varying parking durations and the reusability of parking resources, which have not been well researched. To address this problem, we propose a stochastic optimization model and a data-driven two-stage approximation approach. The first stage generates a pre-allocation scheme as a basis, while the second stage dynamically adjusts the scheme based on observed requests and available parking slots to improve the system’s performance throughout a finite operational horizon. The study has three main contributions. Firstly, this paper proposes a data-driven nonparametric approach based on sample average approximation (SAA) to solve the stochastic optimization model. Secondly, it develops a stratified ranked set sampling (SRSS) method to ensure the quality of the sample set and proves that the sample set sampled by the SRSS method is unbiased. Finally, an evaluation method is proposed to establish a confidence interval for the expected revenue obtained by the data-driven method. Experimental results based on real parking demand data show that our approach outperforms both a commonly used heuristic allocation policy in the parking industry and the standard SAA approach with two popular sampling methods and an evaluation method based on Student’s T-test in the literature.

Optimal Parking Slots Reservation and Allocation Problem for Periodic Parking Platforms with Preference Constraints

Various solutions, such as parking reservation systems, have been proposed to alleviate the difficulty in finding parking slots. In such systems, parking requests are submitted in advance by drivers, and the systems will reserve appropriate parking spots for drivers if their requests are accepted. However, the parking slots may be allocated unreasonably, which may lead to a waste of space and time resources. In addition, there is a game relationship between operator’s profit (OP) and users’ benefits (UB), which may affect the sustainable development of the system, if balanced improperly. Given the drivers’ arrival and departure time and their parking preference, the paper proposes a periodic reservation and allocation mode (PRAM) and establishes a dual-objective binary integer linear model to solve the reservation and allocation problem. The model aims to maximize the comprehensive benefits of the operator and users and to take full advantage of parking resources. We proposed a TOPSIS-SA algorithm (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution and Simulated Annealing algorithm) to solve our model. Numerical experiments show that our model performs better than the baseline models on all performance metrics such as total operating profit, users’ average walking distance, acceptance rate, and utilization of parking slots.

Parking Management System

Abstract: This research paper aims to a Parking Management System which is an online platform that enables users to reserve a parking spot in advance. The system works by allowing users to search for available parking spots, view prices, and book their preferred spot using a mobile app or a web interface. The system can be integrated with parking management systems, enabling parking providers to better manage their parking spaces and increase their revenue. Additionally, the system can provide realtime data on parking availability, reducing traffic congestion and improving overall parking efficiency. This abstract provides an overview of the Parking Reservation System and highlights its benefits for both parking providers and users.

BPR: Blockchain-Enabled Efficient and Secure Parking Reservation Framework With Block Size Dynamic Adjustment Method

The parking lot is one of the important components of the intelligent transportation system (ITS). The current parking lots mainly use instant parking, which has low parking efficiency, during peak hours, which leads to traffic congestion. To guarantee the stable operation of parking lots, we propose a blockchain-enabled parking reservation framework, called BPR. Traditional parking reservation systems may exist the condition of malicious reservations, and resulting in wasted parking spaces. Therefore, we design a reputation mechanism to manage the parking reservation behavior of vehicles and reduce the number of malicious nodes. In addition, to balance the performance of the blockchain at different times (especially during peak hours), we use deep learning (DL) to dynamically adjust the block size to make the blockchain run more efficiently and stably. We deploy the system in Hyperledger Fabric and conduct effectiveness experiments. The comprehensive evaluation results and analysis show that the proposed reputation mechanism can effectively curb malicious nodes from reserving parking spaces and reduce the waste of parking resources. And the block size will be dynamically adjusted to balance the performance of the blockchain at different periods, this method is also applicable to other blockchain performance-sensitive scenes. Finally, this paper is compared with related work to demonstrate the innovation and feasibility of this work from various aspects.

A reservation and allocation model for shared-parking addressing the uncertainty in drivers’ arrival/departure time

Various solutions have been proposed to alleviate the shortage of parking places, including parking reservation systems and shared-parking systems. In such systems, drivers submit their parking requests in advance, especially their arrival and departure time. Then, the systems will reserve a proper parking spot for a driver if his/her parking request is accepted. However, the driver may arrive earlier or depart later, which may cause service failure. In shared-parking systems, the distributions of commuters’ arrival/departure time have fixed patterns and may be learned based on historical data. Given the distributions of drivers’ arrival/departure time, this paper proposes a Chance-constraint optimization model to solve the reservation and allocation problem for the shared-parking platform. This model aims to maximize the parking utilization level (i.e., the expectation of total occupied parking hours) and keep the service failure rate below a threshold value. We propose a rule-based mixed-integer linear programming to seek a satisfying solution to this model. Numerical tests show that our model performs better than baseline models in indicators such as parking utilization level and service failure rate.

Curbspace Management Challenges and Opportunities from Public and Private Sector Perspectives

With rapid growth in on-demand delivery, ridehailing, and shared mobility use, cities are observing dramatic increases in demand for curbspace. In response, cities and private companies have proposed a diverse range of structural, policy and technology solutions to manage the curb lane more efficiently. Through structured interviews with public agency and private company staff and a review of existing pilot project evaluations and curb management guidelines, this study surveys contemporary approaches to curbspace management in 14 U.S. cities and documents the challenges and opportunities associated with them. A total of 17 public agencies (including public works departments, transportation agencies, and metropolitan planning organizations) in every census region of the U.S.A., and 10 technology companies were interviewed. The results show that the top curb management concerns among public officials are enforcement and communication, data collection and management, and interagency coordination. Interviewees reported success with policies such as allocating zones for passenger pick-ups and drop-offs, incentives for off-peak delivery, and requiring data sharing in exchange for reservable or additional curb spaces. Technology company representatives discussed new tools and technologies for curb management, including smart parking reservation systems, occupancy sensors and cameras, and automated enforcement. Both public and private sector staff expressed a desire for citywide policy goals around curb management, more consistent curb regulations across jurisdictions, and a common data standard for encoding curb information.

Reservation Based Vehicle Parking System Using GSM and RFID Technology

This paper is to develop a Reservation based vehicle parking reservation system to overcome the problem of unnecessary time consumption in finding parking spot in commercial parking areas. In this proposed system, we reserve the parking slot in shopping malls, theatres and offices by using short message service (SMS). User reserves the slot by sending a message to GSM modem placed at the parking end. GSM modem gives slot number and a password if the slots are available which is used to allow or deny access to the parking area at the entrance and exit. IR sensor is used for the indication of empty slot with a green LED. User can park the vehicle at the given zone, and this is valid up to a certain grace period only after that the priority will be given to next user. RFID technology is used for entering and exiting parking area and also used to debit the amount for parking charges through RFID tag. The main contribution is the system has more security .Thus users can just reserve the parking slots using the SMS.

A Collaborative Reservation Mechanism of Multiple Parking Lots Based on Dynamic Vehicle Path Planning

With the development of wireless communication and artificial intelligence technology, online parking reservation system can effectively save drivers’ searching time for vacant spaces. However, in the environment with multiple candidate parking lots around the destination, how to coordinate and maximize parking space resources to reduce the travel time is still a practical issue for urban drivers. In order to solve this problem, a collaborative reservation mechanism based on dynamic vehicle path planning is proposed in this paper. By the aid of the dedicated backbone network with a clear division of work responsibilities, the information of traffic and parking lots is collected in real time, based on which the travel time prediction and empty spaces evaluation are executed separately, and then the optimal decision of path planning and parking lot selection can be made and adjusted dynamically by a step-by-step acknowledgement mechanism. The simulation results show that, based on collaborative working and overall planning, our proposed reservation mechanism can effectively raise the utilization rate of the parking lots resources and significantly reduce the travel time for drivers under different traffic environments. Compared to current mechanisms, the collaborative parking reservation mechanism reveals higher feasibility and applicability. It can assist in design and operation of urban traffic management and space resource utilization.

Design and Development of Mobile Application for Parking Reservation System

Every emerging country face the issue of public parking congestion in the urban area. Ignoring the issue would breed a series of problems; from traffic disruption to violating the laws related to traffic. In Malaysia, the City Council has made an effort to mitigate the problem by using a coupon - which largely handled manually by the user by purchasing and paying the coupon through a machine. However, the procedure of using a coupon is considered inefficient due to challenges such as; extensive time, coupon exploitation and material waste. Therefore, to mitigate the problem surfaced in the current procedure, a mobile application is developed to handle the parking reservation process. The reservation process included the function to view the parking's availability thus presented the user the advantage of reserving parking earlier in the case of parking usage are at the peak. This paper highlighted the requirement identification and design and development phases.

Optimization of reservation parking space configurations in city centers through an agent-based simulation

Parking demand is generally larger than parking supply in city centers. And uneven distribution of parking demand often leads to over-consumption in the popular places. To balance the existing conflicts, parking reservation system (PRS) is commonly adopted to manage and configure the reservation parking spaces. The aim of this paper is to optimize social benefits and parking lot revenue through configuring reasonable reservation proportion for each off-street public parking lot in the urban area, which can provide operation advice for parking management departments. Firstly, an agent-based simulation model which presents the coexistence of reservation and non-reservation parking vehicles was established, and parking selection used the predicted parking space occupancy rate of a target parking lot at a predicted vehicle arrival time. Then, genetic algorithm was used in simulations to optimize the solution of combining different reserved parking space proportion configurations. Finally, Wulin CBD, Hangzhou, China was applied as a case to analyze and optimize the reserved parking space proportion. The Single-objective optimization, such as social benefits, parking lot revenue, and multi-objective optimization were both discussed and analyzed. Results show that through optimizing parking reservation proportion configuration can directly and effectively improve social benefits or parking lot revenue. Further analysis indicated that optimizing social benefits and parking lot revenue are two conflicting objectives. The reserved parking space proportion in popular parking lots should be reduced as much as possible under the optimization of social benefits.

Linear Program for System Optimal Parking Reservation Assignment

AbstractMost studies on traffic assignment ignore the substantial effects of searching for parking on travel times and congestion. Recent work on parking reservation systems provides an alternative...

Flexible parking reservation system and pricing: A continuum approximation approach

Reservation-based parking systems have the merit of eliminating vehicle cruising for parking. While many long-period (e.g., daily) parking reservation services are already in use, short-period (e.g., hourly) parking reservation remains a huge challenge due to the high uncertainty of customer arrivals and departures. To mitigate the service failure caused by random late departures of customers, we propose a new flexible reservation mechanism in which the reservation is no longer restricted to a specific location at a specific time, but tolerates predetermined spatiotemporal flexibility instead. With a pricing instrument designed for such parking flexibility, customers can coordinate to significantly reduce the reservation failure rate, resulting in an optimal system equilibrium benefiting the entire society. Due to the complex nature of this system, a continuum approximation framework is used to provide tractable analysis for a large-scale urban parking system. We can successfully provide accurate system management decision support with a bounded optimality gap and analytical insights.

Customer to Customer Parking Reservation System

The Online Vehicle Parking Reservation System (OVPRS) is a framework that empowers clients/drivers to save a parking spot. It additionally permits the clients/drivers to see the stopping status at individuals’ park. The venture went for taking care of such issues by planning an electronic framework that will empower the clients/drivers to reserve a spot of an accessible parking spot at individuals’ park. The necessities for the created framework were gathered utilizing perception and meeting the client and staff part from individuals’ park. The information from meetings was examined utilizing Microsoft Excel in order to think of the utilitarian, non-useful and framework necessities. These prerequisites were later used to plan the framework by making information stream outlines and substance relationship graphs. The planned framework was actualized utilizing diverse advancement instruments which incorporate HTML for making interfaces, CSS for styling marry pages, JavaScript, and jQuery for dynamism in the site pages and as an info approval tool. XAMPP was utilized to assemble the database and PHP utilized as a server-side scripting dialect to associate the UIs to the database. The framework was tried by the specialists for blunders.

Optimal Guidance Algorithms for Parking Search with Reservations

To alleviate the congestion caused by searching for parking, internet- or smartphone-based parking reservation systems have been deployed in major cities. We develop algorithms to provide optimal guidance to individual drivers on where to search for or reserve parking and how to navigate the traffic while searching for parking, a problem which has yet to be addressed in the literature. Drivers holding a reservation pay a holding cost per unit time until they park, so it is often suboptimal to reserve parking before departing. We formulate a Markov decision process to decide both where to attempt to reserve parking and which route to take. The optimal parking space to reserve changes as the driver travels through the network. Results on the downtown Austin network show that reserving parking affects route choice and reduces cruising for parking compared to not reserving parking. Our model and solution algorithm could be integrated with GPS navigation systems to provide guidance to individual drivers on optimal navigation and use of parking reservation systems.

RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM RESERVASI PARKIR ONLINE PADA PUSAT PERBELANJAAN DI KOTA DENPASAR BERBASIS WEB

Shopping centers today are a shopping and recreation destination for the community. The problem that is often faced by managers of shopping centers is parking. The rapid development of information technology today can be used to build an application that is used to facilitate the driver in getting a parking space. In this study, a parking reservation application was developed which can be used to make it easier for visitors to the shopping center to get a parking space. Application development starts from the stage of system needs analysis, system modeling, system making up to system testing. This application is built using the PHP programming language and MySQL database. The results of this study are the application of responsive web-based online parking reservation system, where responsive web can adapt to the large or small smartphone screens used. This application is also integrated with geographic information services that are useful for displaying available parking locations. This application can ensure that shopping mall visitors get a parking slot after making a reservation. Tests carried out on this application with the Black-Box method, the functional application has been running well and based on the System Usability Scale test, the average value obtained from twenty respondents is 81.13 which is in the Acceptable category or can be accepted by the user.

Real-time multistep prediction of public parking spaces based on Fourier transform–least squares support vector regression

Multistep prediction of public parking spaces in the parking guidance and information system and parking reservation system has great benefits for intelligent parking. This study analyzes the C0 complexity of parking space occupancy time series from the frequency domain aspect. Results show that regular components account for the vast majority of parking space occupancy time series and can be considered a “quasiperiodic” series, which provides the theoretical basis for multistep prediction. This study combines the idea of Fourier transform (FT) and a machine learning method least squares support vector regression (LSSVR) together and proposes the Fourier transform–least squares support vector regression (FT–LSSVR) multistep prediction algorithm. As taking consideration of a predicting step threshold, this method has the power to predict single-step and multistep public parking spaces. Verification on two typical public parking lots in Hangzhou shows the great performance of FT–LSSVR. The prediction accuracy of proposed FT–LSSVR immensely outperforms the traditional LSSVR prediction after considering the step threshold. Moreover, the proposed method did not add the computational time complexity compared with the traditional LSSVR prediction. Thus, the proposed method is more suitable for real-time systems for its high prediction accuracy and less complex calculation.

Development of An Integrated Web-based Indoor Parking System with Sensors

Growing number of vehicles in recent years has an impact to road capacity and parking spaces. Even with support of an efficient public transport, some users prefer to use their personal vehicles. Hence, it resulted in lack of parking space in public areas. Looking for parking spaces is time, money and fuel consuming and causes unnecessary stress to drivers. This work will design and develop the sensing infrastructure which will be used as a part of an integrated smart parking system that integrates the sensing capability with wireless transmission to the central web portal. Then, the central web portal will provide a platform for vehicle parking reservation system made online through a computer. This system also permits drivers to make a reservation on available parking slots utilizing ID code keyed in for authentication and several indicators to denote availability, non-availability and reservation status at the parking slot. The communication technologies used has to upload and download information to and from the web. This work has shown that the development was successful for a single floor parking system and can be upgraded to multi-storey parking complex.

A Survey Paper on Car Parking Reservation System for Parking Slots using Android Application

A Survey Paper on Car Parking Reservation System for Parking Slots using Android Application

Smart Parking Reservation System Based on Distributed Multicriteria Approach

ABSTRACTIn metropolitan area, finding a parking space is a difficult task for drivers especially in rush hours. This causes waste of time and fuel and results in traffic congestion. We propose a smart parking system based on multi-agent approach to provide a real-time decision-aid for drivers by handling their preferences. The system ensures an online space allocation based on real-time information by optimizing drivers’ preferences with respect to operational constraints. The online allocation problem is considered as a multicriteria decision-aid problem for which we present a mathematical formulation: multicriteria parking reservation problem. The solution is an optimal compromise from the set of efficient solutions which is determined by means of a multicriteria ranking method ELECTRE III. An update of resource allocation is performed to avoid reservation conflict and to ensure constraints satisfaction. After the reservation process, the driver is assisted via a guidance module to reach the reserved place through the shortest path. Simulation results show the wide applicability of the approach in real cases.