Parking Position Research Articles

Inovasi Parkir Cerdas: Prediksi Posisi Kendaraan dengan Teknologi RFID dan Arduino Mega 2560 R3

Urban parking management is an urgent challenge in an ever-increasing vehicle mobility era. This research develops an intelligent parking system that integrates RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification) technology and Arduino Mega 2560 R3 to predict the vehicle's position in real time. The initial literature study identified various approaches to parking management, but none comprehensively combined RFID and Arduino Mega 2560 R3. Therefore, this study fills this gap. The research method involves literature study, system design, hardware and software development, and field testing. In the proposed system, vehicles are equipped with RFID cards, and the parking infrastructure is equipped with RFID readers. When the vehicle enters the parking area, the system reads the RFID card and predicts available parking positions. The results of field tests show an increase in the efficiency of parking space use of around 37% to 46%, and the accuracy of parking position prediction is above 90%. This research provides effective solutions for urban parking management, reducing traffic congestion and air pollution. This system also increases the driver's comfort in finding a suitable parking space. Thus, this research has the potential to support more sustainable urban development by optimizing the use of parking lots and reducing the negative impact of motorized vehicles in urban areas.

PERENCANAAN SIRKULASI RUANG PUSAT TERAPI HOLISTIK DI SAMARINDA

Samarinda is one of the most populous cities in East Kalimantan. Living in a densely populated urban area has a greater impact on the risk of mental health disorders. Poor mental health has an impact on physical health. One effort for health care is by conducting holistic health therapy as an alternative to healing overall health, starting from a person's physical, emotional, social, and spiritual health. The purpose of this planning is to produce a holistic therapy center building design in Samarinda with circulation planning that can facilitate building users in their activities in it. Through the analysis method by analyzing the area and building circulation. Analysis of area circulation is carried out by arranging vehicle lanes, parking and building positions. Analysis of building circulation is carried out by determining the pattern of vertical and horizontal space circulation. This planning produces a holistic therapy center in Samarinda that has a circulation space that can increase comfort and facilitate access for building users, so that this therapy center can meet the needs of urban physical and psychological health and become a place for a healthy environmental community

Research on the consequences of hydrogen leakage and explosion accidents of fuel cell vehicles in underground parking garages

Explosion risks in confined spaces hinder the widespread use of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. This study investigates the consequences of hydrogen leakage and explosion accidents from fuel cell vehicles parked in underground garages. Results indicated that downward leaks generate a larger flammable gas cloud size, peak value of VQ8, and areas of danger 3, 1.2, and 2 more times than upward leaks. Meanwhile, upward leaks result in more extensive damage to steel structures and glass. Flammable gas cloud continuous accumulation occurs between beams owing to parking near a wall, whereas the flammable gas cloud maximum extent decreases by half upon parking adjacent to side walls. However, the radius of burns and minor injuries does not vary with parking position. Compared to a single-vehicle situation, multiple surrounding vehicles considerably expand the range of flammable gas clouds and burn hazard area with increases of 57.9% and 53%, respectively.

Road marking defect detection based on CFG_SI_YOLO network

Existing road marking detection primarily focuses on the direction, position, and color of road markings. However, clear and accurate road markings directly impact issues such as directional guidance, lane selection, speed limits, and parking positions. Therefore, we introduce the CFG_SI_YOLO model for road marking defect detection. This model introduces a multi-channel CoordConv module, which enhances the network's focus on fine details based on the distribution characteristics of road markings defect. This helps prevent the loss of road marking information caused by model compression and pooling operations; Moreover, the model introduces the Focal-EIoU loss function to address the issue of imbalanced samples between easy and difficult cases. Additionally, the GELU activation function is incorporated to prevent gradient explosions, enhance the network's non-linear expressiveness, and improve the detection accuracy of the model. Finally, we add a similarity attention module to enhance the network's focus on the target, reduce interference from other objects, and mitigate false detection defects caused by inter-class similarity. Experiments conducted on a self-made dataset containing various types of road markings have shown that our approach achieved Precision, Recall, F1, IoU, and mAP of 85.7%, 85.8%, 85.7%, 75.1% and 82.8%, respectively. These results are significantly better than other methods, confirming the effectiveness and feasibility of our approach. Our code and results can be found on https://github.com/ly6660/Road_marking_line_code_data.

Trapping of a Polyketide Synthase Module after C-C Bond Formation Reveals Transient Acyl Carrier Domain Interactions.

Modular polyketide synthases (PKSs) are giant assembly lines that produce an impressive range of biologically active compounds. However, our understanding of the structural dynamics of these megasynthases, specifically the delivery of acyl carrier protein (ACP)-bound building blocks to the catalytic site of the ketosynthase (KS) domain, remains severely limited. Using a multipronged structural approach, we report details of the inter-domain interactions after C-C bond formation in a chain-branching module of the rhizoxin PKS. Mechanism-based crosslinking of an engineered module was achieved using a synthetic substrate surrogate that serves as a Michael acceptor. The crosslinked protein allowed us to identify an asymmetric state of the dimeric protein complex upon C-C bond formation by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). The possible existence of two ACP binding sites, one of them a potential "parking position" for substrate loading, was also indicated by AlphaFold2 predictions. NMR spectroscopy showed that a transient complex is formed in solution, independent of the linker domains, and photochemical crosslinking/mass spectrometry of the standalone domains allowed us to pinpoint the interdomain interaction sites. The structural insights into a branching PKS module arrested after C-C bond formation allows a better understanding of domain dynamics and provides valuable information for the rational design of modular assembly lines.

Trapping of a Polyketide Synthase Module after C−C Bond Formation Reveals Transient Acyl Carrier Domain Interactions

AbstractModular polyketide synthases (PKSs) are giant assembly lines that produce an impressive range of biologically active compounds. However, our understanding of the structural dynamics of these megasynthases, specifically the delivery of acyl carrier protein (ACP)‐bound building blocks to the catalytic site of the ketosynthase (KS) domain, remains severely limited. Using a multipronged structural approach, we report details of the inter‐domain interactions after C−C bond formation in a chain‐branching module of the rhizoxin PKS. Mechanism‐based crosslinking of an engineered module was achieved using a synthetic substrate surrogate that serves as a Michael acceptor. The crosslinked protein allowed us to identify an asymmetric state of the dimeric protein complex upon C−C bond formation by cryo‐electron microscopy (cryo‐EM). The possible existence of two ACP binding sites, one of them a potential “parking position” for substrate loading, was also indicated by AlphaFold2 predictions. NMR spectroscopy showed that a transient complex is formed in solution, independent of the linker domains, and photochemical crosslinking/mass spectrometry of the standalone domains allowed us to pinpoint the interdomain interaction sites. The structural insights into a branching PKS module arrested after C−C bond formation allows a better understanding of domain dynamics and provides valuable information for the rational design of modular assembly lines.

Capacity and demand forecasting in Urban Air Mobility - A simulation of air transportation in Hamburg

This paper presents an innovative approach to urban air transportation planning through the development of a "digital twin" representation encompassing airspace and infrastructure elements, including route structures, existing airports, and future vertiports. The primary objective is to formulate a model that mirrors the dynamics of contemporary and prospective urban air mobility (UAM), driven by the focus on sustainability and electrification in the transportation sector. Given the multifaceted advancements in both personal aerial vehicles (PAVs) and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), along with the emergence of cutting-edge electric aircraft, a multitude of scenarios become feasible. The air transport system we focus on, is the urban area of Hamburg, Germany, and its two inner-city airports and a prototype vertiport. Anticipating a growth in demand for air transport services for the nearly 1.9 million current residents of Hamburg over the next two decades, we assume various feasible scenarios, which in turn would result in an increasing energy demand. Our SIMMOD simulation model utilizes flight schedules for each airport in Hamburg, to which flights are incrementally added until practical capacity is reached at 80% above baseline levels. Our findings reveal that, as demand increases at Hamburg Airport and average operational delay approaches the level-of-service (LoS) threshold of 4 minutes per flight, the necessity for expanded air traffic and ground infrastructure becomes evident. Electric grids should be dimensioned according to these demands. Our results suggest that the capacity of the Hamburg airspace is currently limited by the main airport, and that the Airbus production facility in Hamburg-Finkenwerder can substantially augment its capacity by constructing a parallel taxiway alongside its runway. Moreover, vertiport capacity primarily is limited by factors such as UAV parking and charging positions, drone speeds, turnaround times, available airspace, degree of autonomy and the length of service routes.

Apron layout planning–Optimal positioning of aircraft stands

At many airports, space on the apron is scarce and has to be used efficiently. To that end, we optimize the layout of aircraft parking positions adjacent to the airport terminal, pursuing two lexicographically ordered objectives. First, we minimize the number of aircraft that have to be diverted to remote parking positions, because positions adjacent to the terminal are not available. Second, we minimize the construction effort required for gate infrastructure. Aircraft collisions must be prevented at all times, and we consider various traffic situations, as traffic volume and fleet mix are not constant in time. We introduce the Airport Gate Layout Problem and formulate it as a mixed-integer model, which considers both greenfield and brownfield scenarios. To solve the problem efficiently, we introduce a decomposition framework that exploits the structure of the problem and employ various acceleration techniques. Our approach reduces computation times substantially, allowing us to solve instances that are intractable for CPLEX. Based on a case study for Munich Airport, we demonstrate how airports can gain valuable insights from solving the problem.

Parking behaviour under the influence of alcohol

Real-life driving studies evaluating the impact of alcohol influence on the ability to park a car are rare but necessary to assess a possible impairment to drive a car in the event of prosecution. In this study, 29 test persons (13 m, 16 f) completed three test drives with real cars, each made up of three different parking situations. While four test persons remained sober, the majority drank a previously calculated amount of alcohol before the second drive; the aim was to reach a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 1.1 g/kg. The third drive took place about 2 h later without any further ingestion of alcohol. The impact of BAC on the number of accidents, time needed to finish the drive, the amount of correction moves and quality of the final parking position (in the centre of the parking space) were analysed. Furthermore, pressure measuring films were applied to the test cars, measuring the average pressure and load in the areas of the accident impact. A significant increase of accidents could be noted with rising BAC. While a single accident happened to both sober and drivers under the influence of alcohol, more than one accident was only seen in drivers after the ingestion of alcohol (> 0.63 g/kg). The BAC had no impact on the other considered aspects. Concludingly, more than one impact site or accident while parking a car can serve as an indication for alcohol impairment of the driver at the time of the accident.

Optimization of Wheelchair-Mounted Robotic Arms’ Base Placement by Fusing Occupied Grid Map and Inverse Reachability Map

In a household setting, a wheelchair-mounted robotic arm (WMRA) can be useful for assisting elderly and disabled individuals. However, the current WMRA can only perform movement and grasping tasks through joystick remote control. This method results in low efficiency due to poor coordination between the mobile platform and the robotic arm as well as the numerous operational steps required. To improve the efficiency and success rate of the robot in task execution, this paper proposes a parking location optimization method that combines the occupied grid map (OGM) and the inverse reachability map (IRM). Firstly, the SLAM algorithm is used to collect environment information, which is then stored in the form of an occupied grid map. The robotic arm workspace is then gridded, and the inverse reachability map is calculated based on the grasping pose of the target object. Finally, the optimal position of the mobile platform is obtained by comparing the optimal location point in the inverse reachability map and the obstacle information in the occupied grid map. This process achieves base placement optimization based on the grasping pose. The experimental results demonstrate that this method reduces the user operation time by 97.31% and overall task completion time by 40.57% when executing household environment tasks compared with the joystick control, increasing the range of executable tasks compared with the algorithm of the EL-E robot and reducing task completion time by 23.48% for the same task. This paper presents a parking location optimization method that can improve the grasping efficiency of the robotic arm and achieve parking location position selection for the WMRA in a household environment.

Design and analysis of an inflatable recovery platform for shipborne UAV

It is difficult to recover drones for small ships (such as destroyers). Therefore, it is necessary to design a new carrier-borne UAV recovery platform, achieving the purpose of rapid recovery of offshore UAV. This paper presents a fast unfolding and folding inflatable structure for small ship UAV offshore recovery. This paper analyze some static response of the UAV recovery platform. Firstly, parking positions of UAV on the runway surface is a factor. Secondly, runway surface materials is also a factor. Thirdly, airbag’s internal pressure also affects static response of the platform. It is find that static responses such as deformation and stress more sensitive to the runway surface material and the position of UAV, and the transverse deformation is sensitive to the runway surface material, but not to the internal pressure of the airbag.

Parking Tracking System Using Ultrasonic Sensor HC-SR04 and NODEMCU ESP8266 Based IoT

Generally, many parking systems have not implemented a tracking intelligent system with the help of sensor technology and applications combined with the Internet of Things. This creates a lot of problems with the unexpected and irregular overflow of parking volumes. In overcoming the above problems, a study was made that discusses the parking tracking system design with the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor intelligent working system using a smartphone and an Internet of Things (IoT) based web application. This parking tracking system will use the main component, namely the ultrasonic sensor and several other components, namely the NODEMCU ESP8266. The Internet of Things will be used in this parking smart work system to provide information to parking users through a web system about the location of vacant parking slots. With this web system, users will be able to use the booking model and see which parking positions are available. The model used is a chip that is programmed and placed in each parking lot so that it can transmit digital information signals to a server that can be accessed in real-time by the user. With the planning of a parking tracking intelligent work system, it is hoped that it can help management of parking usage by users.

Hierarchical Parking Path Planning Based on Optimal Parking Positions

Hierarchical Parking Path Planning Based on Optimal Parking Positions

Automatic Parking Path Planning of Tracked Vehicle Based on Improved A* and DWA Algorithms

Compared to wheeled vehicles, tracked vehicles have unique advantages in disaster relief and engineering sites. The working environment of tracked vehicles is mostly in fixed-point conditions, so high-precision automatic stopping is essential for tracked vehicles. Improved A* and dynamic window approach are proposed in this article to enhance the accuracy and speed of automatic parking of tracked vehicles. The parking trajectory is significantly optimized within low deviations. Furthermore, a prototype is designed to verify the working conditions of fixed-point parking to improve the work efficiency of engineering rescue. The simulation results based on the robot operating system show that both single- and two-step parking methods can reach the parking position without collision. More importantly, simulated and experimental parking positions and angles have considerable accuracy within acceptable limits. This study has essential guidance and application value for the high-precision automatic parking of tracked vehicles for various extreme application scenarios.

Study on path planning and tracking algorithm for autonomous parking system of semi-trailers

Semi-trailers have the advantage that the maximum load capacity is large. However, there are some problems that high driving skill is required because it is necessary to perform unique steering during turning or backward driving. This paper proposes a path planning and tracking algorithm for autonomous parking of semi-trailers. The path planner determines the parking path to the target parking position in accordance with the given parking environment including obstacles. Furthermore, the steering control system is desinged to handle the path tracking and stabilize the hitch angle. The proposed path planning method and tracking control are both unique in that it focuses on the vehicle’s terminal state at the target parking position, and finds the solution in the time-inverse order of the actual driving sequence. The parking simulations is performed and the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified.

Automated Sortie Scheduling Optimization for Fixed-Wing Unmanned Carrier Aircraft and Unmanned Carrier Helicopter Mixed Fleet Based on Offshore Platform

Optimizing naval aircraft deck sortie scheduling is important for improving the sortie efficiency of naval aircraft groups. It is also an important link in realizing the automated scheduling of aircraft carriers. Firstly, a single-aircraft surface transit path library was constructed. This paper used the improved A* algorithm and the optimal control deck path planning algorithm to construct the transit path library between the deck parking position and take-off position, or between warmable and non-warmable parking positions. Secondly, a mathematical optimization model was constructed for the sortie scheduling of a mixed fleet of fixed-wing carrier aircraft and carrier helicopters. The model took the maximum sortie time of the fleet and taxiing time of the fleet of fixed-wing aircraft as the optimization objectives, and considered the process flow, spatial, and resource constraints. Thirdly, a discretized improved whale optimization algorithm (IWOA) was designed to solve the problem. To improve the optimization-seeking capability of the algorithm, we discretized the algorithm, optimized its coding method, and introduced pre-constraints, learning factors, parameter improvements, and population restart. Finally, we set up various cases and proposed a new strategy for simulation experiments: these simulations verified the validity of the model, the excellent optimization performance of the IWOA, and the superiority of the sortie strategy. The research in this study will help to implement automated aircraft carrier scheduling.

Prediction of Intermittent Failure by Presage Debacle Model in Network on Chip

With the emergence of deep sub-micron technology, the reliability issues in on-chip interconnect has enormously increased. This includes single event upsets, like soft errors, and hard faults which are rapidly becoming important factors to be considered. Aggressive technology scaling renders these architectures vulnerable to system performance, intermittent failure, capacitive crosstalk, and power dissipation problem. To improve the performance of the area and power consumption along with bandwidth, throughput and latency, a Buffer Potency Power Gating Technique is carried out to predict the Intermittent Failure by Presage Debacle Model in Network on Chip. In the Presage Debacle Model, the links present in the application-specific topology are provided with real application traffic to assist in prediction of the intermittent failure. By predicting the failure, the output of the model provides the power dissipated over the connection of the application link. Then the crosstalk noise in the topology is reduced by the Adaption of Simulated Annealing (SA) based Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) congruence algorithm. The optimization congruence algorithm assigns each task in the application software to each node in the topology to determine the network's optimal output. It continuously changes the task park position in the topology system and reduces the crosstalk of the NoC. Consecutively, the area and power consumption are minimized by Buffer Potency Power Gating Technique. Buffer efficiency is increased and the power-gating is a practical way to mitigate NoC power control schemes properly and effectively without any loss in performance. Thus the prediction of intermittent failure is obtained by utilizing NoC to improve the performance of area and power consumption.

Microscopic Simulating the Impact of Cruising for Parking on Traffic Efficiency and Emission with Parking-and-Visit Test Data

Cruising for parking creates a moving queue of cars that are waiting for vacated parking spaces, but no one can see how many cruisers are in the queue because they are mixed with normal cars. In order to mitigate the influence of cruising for parking on normal cars, the simulation framework based on VISSIM was proposed for reproducing the cruising vehicles and normal traffic flows. The car-following model of cruising vehicles was calibrated by the GPS and video data. The scenarios under different cruising ratios were analyzed to evaluate the influence of cruising for parking on traffic efficiency and emissions. Finally, the layout optimization changing the parking locations and positions of entrance-exit gates were discussed to mitigate the negative effect. The results indicated that cruising for parking deteriorates the traffic congestion and emissions on the road sections, intersections and network. The closer distances the intersections and sections are to the parking lot, the greater the negative impact is. But the negative effect after the 30% proportion on traffic performance only illustrates the slight deterioration, because the carrying capacity of the network is reached. The research results provide a quantitative method for the hidden contribution of cruising for parking on traffic congestion and emissions.

Who moves the locker? A benchmark study of alternative mobile parcel locker concepts

Stationary parcel lockers have established as useful delivery options, especially for those households where nobody is at home during typical parcel delivery times. However, having to move toward a locker, maybe after a tiring workday, can be inconvenient for customers. Mobile parcel lockers, especially when driving autonomously, can be positioned closer to the customers and thus seem as a logical next evolutionary step to reduce customer inconvenience. Until autonomous driving is finally realized, however, mobile parcel lockers depend on human-driven vehicles to reposition them, and this paper compares optional locker–vehicle–driver setups. In the most restrictive case, a parcel locker is fixedly mounted onto a vehicle and equipped with a dedicated driver. But a human driver can also be in charge of multiple lockers, so that the driver must travel, e.g., via public transport, between different lockers in order to reposition them. There are also first concepts without a fixed coupling of lockers that are only loaded onto their vehicles. Hence, a vehicle equipped with an automated handling mechanism can subsequently reposition multiple mobile locker modules between different parking positions. Based on the assumption that a given set of customers is to be serviced with a predefined service level, this paper provides a flexible heuristic multi-stage optimization approach that minimizes the total costs associated with each of these concepts. This algorithm is applied in a benchmark study to compare the alternative mobile parcel locker concepts, and our results reveal substantial differences among them. For instance, we show that mobile locker modules are very effective to provide better customer service (i.e., smaller walking distances and longer parking durations) at low cost

Mobile data collection of wireless sensor networks with speed control

Reducing delay has an important position in the data collection of wireless sensor networks. Current mobile sink may use single antenna to collect data, but necessarily use two antennas if the data amount is large. The purpose of the research is to reduce the delay of data collection. Unlike many traditional methods, our approach has not parking positions of mobile sink in the process of data collection. We propose an algorithm based on speed control of mobile sink that reduces the delay of data collection. The algorithm combines speed control and two antennas of mobile sink. Our algorithm ensures reducing the delay of data collection.