Parking Lock Research Articles

Smart Parking Locks Based on Extended UNET-GWO-SVM Algorithm.

Due to the rapid increase in private car ownership in China, most cities face the problem of insufficient parking spaces, leading to frequent occurrences of parking space conflicts. There is a wide variety of parking locks available on the market. However, most of them lack advanced intelligence and cannot cater to the growing diverse needs of people. The present study attempts to devise a smart parking lock to tackle this issue. Specifically, the smart parking lock uses a Raspberry Pi as the core controller, senses the vehicle with an ultrasonic ranging module, and collects the license plate image with a camera. In addition, algorithms for license plate recognition based on traditional image-processing methods typically require a high pixel resolution, but their recognition accuracy is often low. Therefore, we propose a new algorithm called UNET-GWO-SVM to achieve higher accuracy in embedded systems. Moreover, we developed a WeChat mini program to control the smart parking lock. Field tests were conducted on campus to evaluate the performance of the parking locks. The test results show that the corresponding effective unlocking rate is 99.0% when the recognition error is less than two license plate characters. The average time consumption is controlled at about 2 s. It can meet real-time requirements.

Parking lock integration for electric axle drives by multi-objective design optimization

Due to safety considerations, electric axle drives (e-drives) are often equipped with a parking lock system, which prevents vehicle movement while parking in redundancy with the parking brake. In order to integrate the parking lock into the e‑drive, various mounting positions inside the e‑drive are eligible, which have a direct influence on the e‑drive packaging. Furthermore, engaging the parking lock may happen at small vehicle velocities and while driving downhill, leading to high loads on the e‑drive components. These loads depend on the mounting position of the parking lock and have to be considered in the design phase to prevent failure of the system. That way, the designs of shafts, gear wheels and bearings of the gearbox are affected by the parking lock integration. A suboptimally integrated parking lock system can thus lead to undesirably high costs and reduced energy efficiency of the entire e‑drive—all alongside the packaging aspect. Consequently, finding the best suitable parking lock integration for a certain e‑drive is a complex task for the design engineers. To reduce the level of problem complexity, an established computer-based system design method for e‑drives by means of a multi-objective optimization is extended to be capable of considering the parking lock integration. The proposed method is applied to a case study and the impact of the parking lock on the optimality of an exemplary e‑drive system is shown.

Design and Implementation of Intelligent Parking Lock Based on Cloud Server

Design and Implementation of Intelligent Parking Lock Based on Cloud Server

Design of An IoT based Smart Parking Lock

In recent years, the rapid growth of vehicles has led to a great increase in the demand for parking spaces, unmanaged car parks makes it difficult to efficiently utilize the limited parking resources. To solve this problem, an intelligent parking lock system based on the Internet of things (IoT) is designed and implemented in this paper. Our design incorporates the IoT technology, such as LORA wireless network, to carry out real-time monitoring of the parking space and offer remote control ability of the parking lock. The application of our smart parking lock includes time sharing rental of parking space. Our design can improve utilization of the parking space and help to ease the problem of parking space shortage.

Low power consumption and reliability of wireless communication network in intelligent parking system

With the rapid increase in the number of vehicles in our country, parking and parking management are becoming more and more difficult. Use information technology to improve the use of parking spaces and improve the efficiency of parking management, it is an effective way to alleviate the parking problem. In 2015, the research on "Internet + parking" accelerated rapidly in China. And various intelligent parking system models are introduced. Firstly, the parking conditions at home and abroad are studied, and the existing parking systems are analyzed. It is found that the current parking system can hardly be used in public parking areas such as residential areas, roadside and square. In order to solve the core part of intelligent parking system in public parking IoT Low energy consumption parking space control. Using new detection technology, parking lock control technology, wireless sensor network technology, solar charging technology, power management technology. Parking space detection module, parking lock control module and wireless sensor network module and power control management module with additional solar charging are designed. There are three problems specifically for intelligent parking in public parking lots: parking detection and automatic control, low-energy wireless signal transmission, efficient power management, effectively improve the performance of intelligent parking system and reduce energy consumption. This paper uses advanced wireless technology to construct and design intelligent parking system. Through the research on the development and management characteristics and application examples of intelligent transportation in developed countries such as Europe and America, based on China's basic national conditions and advanced wireless communication technology, radio frequency technology and computer technology research, establish an integrated system. Finally, the performance and power consumption of the intelligent parking system are tested, to ensure the feasibility of the system, this kind of system has certain application value in the scenario of resource sharing and intelligent management of public parking spaces.

Self-Parking management system based on geomagnetic detection and parking lock

With the increasing number of vehicles worldwide and the increasing demand for parking spaces, effective management methods are in urgent need to improve the utilization efficiency of parking spaces. In spite of many previous studies focusing on how to detect the status of parking spaces and guide vehicles, the schemes proposed by these studies can only provide certain parking information rather than effectively manage parking spaces. In this paper, a system based on intelligent parking lock is designed to realize functions of query, reservation and management, based on which, drivers can reserve the free parking space in advance. This system can ensure that the reserved parking space is not misoccupied, which can also automatically close the parking lock and perform functions such as billing after the vehicle leaves.

基于移动互联技术的智能车位锁系统设计

基于移动互联技术的智能车位锁系统设计

Durability Test and Test Jig Development of an Automotive Parking Lock Gear

Durability Test and Test Jig Development of an Automotive Parking Lock Gear

PIaaS: Cloud-oriented secure and privacy-conscious parking information as a service using VANETs

In this paper, we present a VANET-oriented cloud framework more explicitly as VANET commissioning clouds and propose a novel security and privacy-conscious service termed as Parking Information as a Service (PIaaS) employing VANET-oriented clouds. PIaaS offers more elegant parking information from cloud infrastructure to vehicular nodes in a security and privacy-conscious manner. The authentic vehicular nodes (verified by the Traffic Management Bureau (TMB)) along with Parking Side Units (PSUs) communicate their frequent parking information termed as Parking Mobility Vectors (PMVs) with the cloud infrastructure through the Road Side Units (RSUs) named as Communication Terminals (CTs). The CTs forward the inelegant parking information (PMVs) from vehicular nodes to the cloud system, while after processed by the cloud infrastructure in coordination with PSUs construct and transmit more elegant parking information towards the respective physical location of the vehicular nodes. All the communication and exchange of parking information between cloud infrastructure and vehicular nodes is handled in a privacy-conscious anonymous way. It is hard to linkage PMVs to certain vehicular nodes for some kind of information leakage or exploitation. The proposed PIaaS scheme using identity-less PMVs that protects movement profiles of the vehicular nodes from the exploitation of both insider and outsider attacks. Moreover, we proposed a novel geo-location-based parking lock encryption mechanism for location privacy and non-frameability. The cooperation among vehicular nodes, PSUs, and the cloud infrastructure is not only limited to the parking information dissemination but it also provides various kind of useful services such as route-based traffic congestion reports, vehicle theft control, and malicious vehicle detection. The cloud-oriented centralized information storage of the PMVs is very much helpful for analysis and forensics by TMB. In a nutshell, cloud infrastructure process the Big Parking Data (BPD) and yields the most significant parking information in a dynamic, pertinent, privacy and confidentiality preserved manner.

共享型智能车位锁的设计及其应用流程

随着经济的发展，私人汽车的数量暴增，公共停车位的数量严重短缺与大量私人停车位空闲的现象并存。因此提出了一种基于手机APP来进行应用的共享型智能车位锁，以缓解停车位需求与供给之间的矛盾，并对共享型智能车位锁的操作流程进行了简单的介绍。 With the development of the economy, the number of private cars has exploded, and the number of public parking spaces is very short and there are lots of private parking spaces. So a shared smart parking lock is proposed based on a mobile phone APP, to alleviate the contradiction be-tween parking demand and supply. This article makes a brief introduction to the operation flow of the shared smart parking lock.

Design of Remote Control Parking Lock Based on KEELOQ Encryption Technology

In most of current implementation scheme of remote control parking lock, fixed encoding chips are widely used. Due to its poor security and limited encoding length, it is easy to invade the system by “copying and retransmitting” “scanning and tracking”. In this paper, a hopping code technology based on non-linear shift register technology is utilized. This scheme ensures that the code sent by the transmitter each time is random, non-repeated and irregular, improving the security and immunity of the parking lock effectively. When the software and hardware of parking lock are designed based on PIC16F690 microcontroller, the security of the whole system has been well verified.