Parking Fee Research Articles

Pengawasan Penyelenggaraan Parkir Tepi Jalan Umum di Kawasan Wisata Jalan Tunjungan pada Dinas Perhubungan Kota Surabaya

The large number of public roadside parking arrangements in the Jalan Tunjungan Surabaya Tourist Area that are not in accordance with existing regulations has caused a lot of anxiety among road users. This research aims to analyze how supervision is carried out by the Surabaya City Transportation Department in the implementation of public roadside parking to find out whether existing supervision makes public roadside parking comply with existing regulations, increases PAD resulting from parking fees, increases parking attendant compliance, as well as sanctions. given for existing violations. This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach with primary and secondary data sources. Data collection methods used were observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis techniques use data collection, data condensation, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. This research uses the theory of implementation of supervision according to Soekidjo Notoatmodjo which consists of three, namely the object of supervision, the method of supervision, and the process of supervision. The results of this research indicate that supervision of the implementation of public roadside parking in the Jalan Tunjungan Tourist Area is not yet fully optimal because it does not meet the criteria in terms of supervision objects and supervision methods. This is due to the low level of discipline of parking attendants, in addition to the lack of socialization regarding parking management regulations to the public so that complaints are rarely made by the public. However, the criteria for the supervision process show that the process of carrying out supervision by the Surabaya City Transportation Service is in accordance with the established flow and the imposition of sanctions for violations by parking attendants is determined in accordance with applicable regulations. It is hoped that the results of this research can make supervision more optimal.

Short-term summer trips: Climate hazards & substitution

Climate change and related impacts on tourism and outdoor recreation in Austria are increasingly felt in the number of hot days and variable weather conditions. This paper investigates how these effects likely influence visitor behavior in the future. A survey with an integrated discrete choice experiment was applied combining weather information, travel distances, travel means, attraction type, certification and parking fees (N = 5544). The analysis of the results yielded a four-class model which showed different substitution behaviors during unpleasant weather conditions, making clear that decisions are based on complex trade-offs and lead to significant behavioral changes under climate change conditions. For destination management, these innovative insights into planning behavior and greater understanding of the four segments are crucial for future product development.

Employer-provided parking: Departure time choice, investment decision, and welfare effects

Employer-provided parking (EP) has become a prevalent way to reduce employees’ parking delays and late arrivals through offering them free or low-price parking spaces at the workplace. This paper explores the EP effects on employees’ trip scheduling, employer’s EP investment decision, and commercial parking operator’s pricing decision. An analytical trip scheduling equilibrium model is first presented to model the interaction between EP provision and employees’ departure time choices during morning commute. A profit maximization model incorporating the employee productivity is then developed to determine the employer’s optimal EP investment decision. A competitive game between employer’s investment decision and commercial parking operator’s parking pricing decision is analytically investigated, together with the effects of EP investment on social welfare. The results show that the EP investment can lead to a win-win situation with decreased employee commuting cost and increased firm production output; and the employer would like to provide only part of the employees with EP services. The competitive game solutions depend very much on the marginal costs of EP and commercial parking spaces. The EP investment with an excessively high commercial parking fee may hurt the society due to decreased social welfare.

Economic valuation of cultural ecosystem services: A case of tropical reservoir ecosystem

Aim: This study analyzes the economic value of ecotourism in the Peechi reservoir of Kerala, focusing on cultural ecosystem services (CES) provided by the reservoir. Methodology: Consumer surplus of visitors visiting the reservoir was estimated using travel cost methodology, employing both primary and secondary data collection methods. Results: Peechi reservoir attracts an average of 165,061 visitors annually, generating revenue of ₹29,03,631.88 and ₹3,35,434.38 as entry and parking fees, respectively. Applying travel cost methodology, the total economic value of ecotourism at Peechiwas estimated at ₹32,39,066.25 per year. The estimated potential economic value of the Peechi reservoir was ₹120,309,765 with a consumer surplus of ₹757.58. Interpretation: The CES offered by the reservoir ecosystem have not received enough attention. Recognizing the intrinsic value of these under appreciated services can serve as a powerful catalyst for their conservation, fostering a cycle of awareness, informed decision making, and responsible tourism, ultimately paving the path towards sustainable development. Key words: Cultural ecosystem services, Ecotourism, Monetary valuation, Reservoir, Travel cost method

A method for evaluating the effectiveness of improving public transport services, parking fee policies, and park-and-ride facilities in order to encourage the use of public transport

Enhancing the quality of public transport services, implementing effective parking fee policies, and developing park-and-ride facilities are common solutions that urban planners and city governments apply to encourage public transport use. However, estimating the impact of these measures on increasing public transport usage during the solution design process is challenging. This article proposes an approach to assess the effects of these measures in the solution design process, which policymakers or city governments can apply to formulate suitable policies and feasible measures aligned with the local context. The approach begins with a survey on travel behaviour, followed by formulating a mode choice model to assess the sensitivity of the mode share to factors affecting mode choice. This approach is applied to Da Lat city, and the research results indicate how to enhance public transport services, determine appropriate parking fee levels, and establish park-and-ride facilities to achieve a public transport share of 5%, 10%, 15%, or higher. One of the main research results shows that the Park and Ride solution is feasible. Additionally, to achieve a growth rate of public transport volume up to 10%, it is necessary to improve public transport quality services combined with an increase in car parking fees in the downtown area

Solving Neutrosophic Multi-Dimensional Fixed Charge Transportation Problem

In the decision making problems, transportation problem (TP) is one of the most significant applications that aim to optimize the objective function of products shipped from different sources to different destinations. When an additional charge such as toll tax, parking fee, permit fee and so on are included in the transportation cost then the problem becomes a fixed charge TP. If the shipped products are damageable, they are affected by the type of vehicle and the distance of route. So it is quite evident that the vehicle type and the distance of route play a significant role in TP. In reality, along with sources and destinations, the decision maker (DM) desires to consider the parameters such as the mode of transport and routes of transportation that are used for shipment of the products from sources to destinations in order to minimize the loss of damageable products and to maximize the profit. As a result, mode of transport and routes of transportation are added to TP, then the TP becomes a four-dimensional TP. Sometimes, the data/parameters of the problems may not be always precise due to incomplete information, inadequate data or shortage of evidence. To deal with these obstacles, the parameters of the problem can be represented as the single-valued trapezoidal neutrosophic numbers (SVTrNNs). The neutrosophic data facilitate a reasonable and practicable way for DMs to tackle decisionmaking problems by managing indeterminacy and providing an effective framework for analysis and synthesis of complex decision scenarios. In view of this, in this paper we have considered the single objective four-dimensional fixed charge transportation problem (4DFCTP) with parameters, supply, demand, conveyance, transportation cost, fixed charge as single-valued trapezoidal neutrosophic numbers and the distance of routes as real numbers. First, the score function is utilized to transform the neutrosophic parameter into its deterministic parameter in order to avoid the negative values for the decision variable. Then the deterministic problem comprises deterministic parameters such as supply, demand, conveyance, transportation cost with fixed charges and distance of routes. Secondly, a novel approach namely, min zeromin cost approach is introduced for finding the optimal solution to the equivalent deterministic problem in polynomial time. The main objective of this paper is to optimize the breakable products and routing plan of vehicles in a way to minimize the total transportation cost with fixed cost of the business organizations using the proposed min zero-min cost approach. To demonstrate the problem’s validity and relevance, two numerical examples are solved using our proposed approach. To highlight the proposed approach, comparison of the solution with the LINGO software is performed. The obtained optimal solution from the proposed approach is the same as the LINGO software. At last, conclusions as well as future work related to the study are presented.

Implementation Of Medan Mayor Regulation Number 26 Of 2024 Concerning Guidance For Implementing Subscription Parking Services On The Road Side From A State Constitutional Law Perspective

One of the public policies in the form of regional head regulations of the Regent/Mayor is the Medan City Mayor Regulation Policy (Perwal) Number 26 of 2024 concerning the Implementation of Subscription Parking on Public Roadsides. The regulation implements a roadside subscription parking system in the capital city of North Sumatra Province by subscription starting July 1, 2024. The amount of the subscription parking fee is IDR 90,000/year for two-wheeled vehicles, IDR 130,000/year for four-wheeled vehicles, and IDR 168.000,000/year for trucks/buses.This study uses the Empirical Juridical Type of legal research method, namely research that focuses on examining theory and practice in positive law. is research that places law as a social phenomenon. The data collection method used is by interview. This study refers to primary and secondary data (field and library data). The public supports the subscription parking program to maximize the acquisition of Regional Original Income (PAD) from the parking sector, but the process, substance and implementation must not violate the rights of citizens, especially if it conflicts with applicable laws and regulations.

Analisis Mekanisme Pemungutan dan Penyetoran Retribusi Parkir di UPT Kepanjen

This research aims to analyze the mechanism for collecting and depositing parking fees at UPT Kepanjen. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods to provide an in-depth picture of the process of collecting and depositing parking fees. Data was obtained through interviews, observation and documentation involving various related parties, such as parking officers, UPT managers and parking service users. The research results show that the mechanism for collecting parking fees at UPT Kepanjen still faces several obstacles, such as a lack of transparency, a recording system that is not yet integrated, and minimal supervision. Apart from that, retribution payments also require improvements in terms of efficiency and accountability. This research recommends several improvements, including the application of information technology for recording and monitoring systems, increased training for parking officers, as well as stricter enforcement of rules to ensure parking fees are deposited on time and in accordance with established procedures. In this way, it is hoped that the mechanism for collecting and depositing parking fees at UPT Kepanjen can run more effectively and transparently, and provide an optimal contribution to regional income.

Understanding shared bike usages toward metros with fewer physical road separations

Physical road separations are normally considered cyclist-friendly, but whether they are unfriendly to the combination of bike-share (BS) and metros is seldom investigated since they might affect the cycling’s flexibility and convenience to cross streets and reach the destination. Although integrating BS and metro is thought to mitigate traffic congestion, how traffic congestion affects the usage of integration remains unknown. This study, conducted in Suzhou, China, examines new factors (road separation and traffic congestion) alongside well-studied factors influencing BS and metro integration. The survey revealed increased BS usage frequency after a new metro’s opening. Variables such as road separations, traffic congestion information, road network density, and proximity to metros are considered. They are processed in a selected area considering cyclable network and Thiessen Polygon corresponding to the selected metro stations. An ordered probit model is established to investigate significant factors. It is found that as more columns of road separations exist, the cyclists are less likely to use BS towards metros, regardless of whether they are cycling weekends or weekdays. Interestingly, after the new metro opened and a new metro hub was formed, proximity to the new metro hub is associated with lower BS transfer demand. A higher congestion level promotes more cycling toward the metro system on weekdays as well as higher parking fees. This indicates that the combination of BS and metro could attract former motor vehicle users and this finding could be instructive for urban planners and road designers.

Is It Necessarily Better for More Commuters to Share a Vehicle?

Increasing private car ownership has congested urban roads and made parking more difficult, especially during the morning commute. Carpooling offers a new way to address these problems. This paper studies the dynamic departure patterns for both regular and carpooling vehicles with parking space constraints in the morning commute without the carpool lane. The results suggest that as the parking fee of the central cluster increases, the earliest time for the two types of vehicles to enter the central cluster is delayed. The increase in the proportion of regular vehicles delays the earliest time for carpooling vehicles to enter the central cluster. More commuters sharing a vehicle in the morning commute is not necessarily better. Only a reasonable level of carpooling can reduce the peak time and unnecessary time consumption on the road and effectively promote the reduction in parking fees, commuters’ travel costs, and other societal transportation costs. This research gives practical guidance and suggestions on formulating a reasonable parking fee and controlling a reasonable carpooling level.

Can Relocation Influence Human Acceptance of Connected and Automated Vehicles?

Connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) are poised to revolutionize mobility. The relocation feature of CAVs enhances parking convenience for the public. Users can instruct CAVs to arrive at their work destination, drop them off, and then assign CAVs to a cost-effective parking facility through an optimized itinerary. However, realizing the benefits of CAVs depends on user acceptance, and the impact of relocation features on CAV acceptance remains an area that is yet to be explored. This study introduces a novel acceptance model to mainly investigate the effects of relocation-related factors on CAV acceptance through 717 valid responses. The results indicate that the perceived convenience of relocation (PCOR) indirectly increases human acceptance through three determinants, initial trust, perceived usefulness (PU), and perceived ease of use (PEOU), while initial trust, PU, and PEOU directly increase human acceptance. The public expectations of saving on parking fees (EOSPF) can enhance PCOR. Additionally, a multigroup analysis revealed that PCOR exerts a more positive impact on PU or PEOU in subgroups including males, pre-Generation-Z individuals, experienced drivers, and those with autopilot riding experience. The findings on mediators are also discussed. This study provides valuable insights for further research and the practical adoption of emerging CAVs.

Exploring the user experience, quality, and provision of urban greenspace: A mixed-method approach

Urban greenspace plays a crucial role in city design, offering residents various benefits for their health and wellbeing. With increasing urbanisation and human population growth, urban greenspace is becoming an even more significant resource. By implementing a mixed-method approach, we conducted a comprehensive assessment of urban greenspace based on public usage and perceptions, and quality, availability and accessibility in Derby, UK. Our methodology included an online questionnaire to investigate greenspace usage and perceptions, an in-situ assessment to assess greenspace quality, and Geographical Information Systems analysis to quantify greenspace provision based on Natural England’s (2023) Accessible Greenspace Standards (AGS). We found that greenspace usage and perception vary according to demographic and socioeconomic aspects, with younger people and students showing lower engagement with greenspace. Positive engagement correlates with factors such as proximity, car access, employment, and education. We also found that moderately high levels of greenspace quality (69.47/100) are available in the city, with the most notable insufficiencies related to quietness/peacefulness, aesthetics, and naturalness. Finally, none of the AGS criteria are met at a city-wide scale given the lack of large greenspace sites (particularly over 100 ha) and inequalities in spatial distribution. Our study highlights the value of the use of different methodologies to assess greenspace-related factors and emphasises the significance of public engagement in evaluating greenspace quality. Additionally, we identified factors adversely affecting greenspace use, including parking fees and issues with facilities, amenities, and safety. We therefore recommend interventions to address these challenges and enhance greenspace experience and accessibility in the city.

Carbon Footprint Reduction Associated With Multidisciplinary Pediatric Airway Clinics: A Program Evaluation Study.

Health care is a significant contributor to the climate crisis. Multidisciplinary clinics (MDC) may reduce carbon emissions by combining multiple appointments into one. This is the first program evaluation study to quantify the carbon footprint associated with multidisciplinary pediatric airway clinics. Retrospective. Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Center, London, Canada. Pediatric airway MDC allows patients to see otolaryngology and respirology in one appointment. The carbon and financial savings (Canadian Dollars) of all patients attending the MDC from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2022 were calculated. Patient postal codes and institutional parking rates were inputted into the CASCADES carbon accounting tool. Total distance was divided into unsustainable (vehicles) and sustainable (transit, walking, cycling) transportation to calculate carbon emissions. Travel costs included cost/kilometer for vehicles (maintenance, license/registration, insurance, fuel) and costs/ride for transit. A total of 560 MDC appointments for 300 patients saved 77,785 km. Total carbon emissions saved from travel averted was 16.21 tonnes. The total carbon emissions saved, minus public transit, was 15.60 tonnes. Using the Natural Resources Canada Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calculator, 16.21 tonnes are approximately equivalent to 5 passenger vehicles, 6906 L of gasoline, 3.8 homes' energy, and 10.8 homes' electricity use for one year, 36.6 barrels of oil consumed, and 675 propane cylinders. Travel costs of $28,891.83 (no parking), $30,519.40 ($4 minimum parking fee), or $33,774.55 ($12 maximum parking fee) were saved. MDC effectively reduced carbon emissions and offered patients financial savings. Similar models can be adapted across institutions to help mitigate climate change.

AnoPay: Anonymous Payment for Vehicle Parking With Updatable Credential

Many existing anonymous parking payment schemes lack high efficiency and flexibility. For instance, the calculation and communication costs involved in payment may linearly increase with the payment amount. In this paper, we propose an anonymous payment system (dubbed AnoPay) for vehicle parking, which leverages updatable attribute-based anonymous credentials and efficient zero-knowledge proof (ZKP) to achieve user anonymity and constant overhead for parking fee payment. To further improve the efficiency, we design a secure parking fee aggregation protocol based on linear homomorphic encryption to aggregate parking transactions, where the amount of each parking transaction is hidden and the privacy of the parking lot in terms of its revenue is guaranteed. AnoPay achieves both unlinkability and accountability, malicious payments can be efficiently traced when it is necessary. We provide a security model and rigorous proof for each security property of AnoPay. Extensive experiments and comparisons demonstrate the efficiency and practicality of the system.

Implementasi Peraturan Walikota Nomor 16 Tahun 2021 Tentang Tarif Retribusi Parkir di Tepi Jalan Umum

Ambon City residents, who park their vehicles at Amplaz, are subject to parking fees in accordance with Ambon Mayor Regulation Number 16 of 2021 concerning Parking Retribution Tariffs on Public Roads. Amplaz is subject to progressive parking rates, as it is a zone. So that the tariff for four-wheeled vehicles is no longer RP3000, and two-wheeled vehicles are no longer Rp2000 as in the implementation of the previous Ambon Mayor Regulation. The party who manages parking at Amplaz always urges Ambon City residents to have awareness in paying parking rates according to Ambon Mayor Regulation Number 16 of 2021 concerning Parking Retribution Tariffs on Public Roads. There are many cases when Ambon City residents pay less retribution, arguing that there is no small money and only big money. Even reluctant to pay at all. However, it is advisable to have awareness in paying parking fees. The party who manages parking at Amplaz prioritizes parking service satisfaction. This is done by providing optimal services, namely; directing vehicles in an orderly manner into and out of the parking area, protecting the vehicle from loss of goods, damage due to bumps, and theft of spare parts. Likewise, the friendly behavior of the parking employees. As a result, Ambon City residents cooperatively pay parking fees, according to Ambon Mayor Regulation Number 16 of 2021 concerning Parking Retribution Tariffs on Public Roads.

Efficiency Analysis of the Traditional Market in Surakarta: Application of Data Envelopment Analysis Methods

This research aims to analyze the efficiency level of eight traditional markets in Surakarta before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method. Primary data that has obtained from the Surakarta Trade Office is the number of visitors based on parking fees and traditional market capacity in 2019, 2021 and 2023. The analysis result shows that in 2019 and 2023, Gede Market and Singosaren Market showed the same level of efficiency, while in 2021, Mojosongo Market, Singosaren Market and Kadipolo Market showed efficiency. However, the other six markets showed inefficiencies. There were differences between projected values and actual data on input and output variables, with an increase in all output variables and a decrease in all input variables in 2021 and 2023. Radial movement occurred in input variables in several markets in 2019, 2021 and 2023, while slack movement occured in income output and the number of visitors in several markets in the same year. This research provides a deeper understanding of the efficiency of traditional markets in Surakarta and the changes that have occurred along with the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Management Strategies for On-street Parking Facility at Gen. Sudirman Street Kuanino Kupang

Poor performance of on-street parking facilities at Gen. Sudirman Kuanino Street, Kupang, can disrupt traffic flow and cause various problems. The research method is to evaluate the performance of on-street parking facilities and their impact on road performance, transportation costs, and the environment. The results show that the parking index exceeds the parking space capacity, with the highest values of 150% (left) and 138% (right). This is due to the parking volume of building material store operational vehicles (pick-ups and trucks). The resulting impact is a decrease in road performance with a degree of saturation (DS) at 1.22. Hence, it affects transportation costs and vehicle exhaust emissions exceeding regulatory limits. The recommended structuring strategy is the application of rules to control the volume, space, and time of parking by prohibiting parking from building material store operational vehicles, requiring minimum availability of off-street parking spaces by every store, applying a progressive parking fee system, and planting green plants. If the structuring strategy is implemented, the highest parking index results are 84% (left) and 96% (right), and the road performance results increase from the DS value of 1.22 to 0.71.

Analisis Penyelesaian Konflik Antara Dinas Perhubungan dengan Juru Parkir dalam Kebijakan Pembayaran Parkir Melalui QRIS di Taman Bungkul Kota Surabaya

One of the problems that often arises in implementing new government policies is resistance from the community. This also happens to the parking payment policy via the QRIS (Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard) system at Taman Bungkul Surabaya. Although basically this policy aims to simplify and modernize the payment system, its implementation has actually triggered rejection from some people involved, including parking officers. This research aims to analyze how the conflict between the Transportation Service and parking officers is resolved in the parking payment policy via QRIS in Taman Bungkul, Surabaya City. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with interviews, documentation and data collection, and uses conflict resolution theory according to Ralf Dahrendorf which states that conflict resolution can be resolved in three ways, namely Arbitration, Mediation and Arbitration. The results of this research are to explain parking fees that have not reached the target, the application of QRIS for parking payments, conflicts of interest and policy evaluation, as well as digital transformation and socio-economic impacts.

Shopping Mall Motorcycle Parking Lot Mobile Application: An Alternative Parking Payment Method

The purpose of this study is to address the current payment method for shopping mall motorcycle parking lot in Penang, Malaysia. The study aims to provide a shopping mall motorcycle parking mobile application for motorcyclists to pay the parking fee at shopping mall motorcycle parking lot in Penang Island which is commonly available at one designated location such as in the basement level or outdoor area. The project methodology used for this project is Rapid Application Development (RAD), which incorporates a prototyping approach enabling developers to implement valuable feedback before finalizing the product. This study results in M A R C as a shopping mall motorcycle parking lot mobile application that is the proposed solution that provides an alternative payment method for motorcyclists by introducing a payment method for motorcyclists through the mobile application. The mobile application was developed to provide additional information about the shopping mall motorcycle parking lot. Hence, the mobile application developed using Flutter should ease the payment process with the new alternative mobile application payment method and provide motorcyclists with the necessary information regarding the selected shopping mall motorcycle parking lot in Penang Island

Urban traffic-parking system dynamics model with macroscopic properties: a comparative study between Shanghai and Zurich

Analyzing the dynamics of parking traffic can better represent the real dynamic states of road networks, thereby allowing for a deeper analysis of the parking system’s impact. This paper comparatively investigates the impact of parking policies on two traffic networks with different infrastructure, socio-economic, and policy characteristics. Parking space, average parking duration, and parking fee policies were analyzed as a function of cruising distances and cruising time with indirect effects on traffic emissions. Empirically, the system dynamics model application is tested and validated with the macroscopic data from two central business districts (CBDs) in Shanghai (Xujiahui area) and Zurich (Bahnhofstrasse area). Results showed Bahnhofstrasse CBD is more sensitive against the policy shifts with relatively higher elasticity and indicated greater responsiveness in aggregating traffic emissions when compared with Xujiahui CBD. The findings of this study may provide an overall framework to empirically assess the performance of different traffic conditions and strategies on urban parking systems.