Parkia Biglobosa Research Articles

Effect of fermentation process on nutritional composition of condiments from seeds of P. Biglobosa, G. max and H. sabdariffa

Huge amount of foreign reserve is spent annually on the import of food flavours into Nigeria despite the fact that traditional condiments also suitably play the same role as imported food flavours. In this study, the proximate and mineral composition of local condiment ‘Daddawa’ produced by the fermentation of the seeds of locust beans (Parkia biglobosa), soya beans (Glycine max) and roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) was determined by the AOAC methods. The lipid values for the three seeds range from 8.10±0.07 to 10.30±0.03% with H. Sabdariffa having the highest value. The crude protein value was 11.70±0.19% for P. biglobosa, 10.70±0.32% for H. Sabdariffa and 9.50±0.25 % for G. max. P. biglobosa had the highest value for carbohydrate (by difference) which was 70.50±0.35% when compared to the least value of 61.10±0.2 for H. sabdariffa. Potassium was the highest mineral with a value of 3923.3±0.38% for P. biglobosa, 3433.3±0.40 for H. Sabdariffa and 2666.6±0.30% for G. max. Calcium and magnesium were low in all the seeds with least value for calcium observed in H. sabdariffa (0.4±0.01%) while G. max had least value of 0.1±0.09% for magnesium. Although, potassium was the highest mineral, the value increased in the fermented seeds to a range of 5566.6±0.30 to 9433.3±0.35% and H. sabdariffa had the highest value of with a value of 9433.3±0.35% and the least value of 5566.6±0.30 for P. biglobosa. Glycine max had the highest value of 933.3±0.33% for sodium while P. biglobosa had the least value of 60.8±0.30%. Magnesium was the lowest mineral even after the fermentation of the seeds with a range of 0.3±0.03 to 0.8±0.01%. Uncontrolled fermentation of the three seeds increased some proximate composition of the condiments.

Spatial Diversity Mapping of Plant Species in Karlahi Forest Reserve, Fufore Local Government Area of Adamawa State

The analysis of the spatial species diversity in Karlahi Forest Reserve of Fufore Local Government of Adamawa State, Nigeria was carried out and it was aimed at analyzing the distribution of tree species within the forest reserve which is vital to the understanding of changes that occurred within the forest. This research adopted three methodological approaches that are, the use of Geographic Information System (GIS) and field investigation to determine the species diversity. The results of the species diversity show that zone 3 has the highest species richness with Bauhinia thonningii and Anogeissus Leiocarpus also known as “Kalgoo” and “Mark” in Hausa language respectively as dominant species and species endemism, zone 4 has the highest species red list followed by zone 3 and 2. The common species that make the red list are Pterocarpus Erinaceus, ziziphus spina-christi, Balanites Aegyptiaca, Vitellaria paradoxa, Anogeissus Leiocarpus, banhinia thonningii, Parkia Biglobosa, Detarium microcarpum. It is recommended that Land Cover information and regular species diversity audit should be incorporated into the conservation practices and Nation and state policies on Forest reserves and parks should be adhered to strictly.

Utilisation of locust bean (Parkia biglobosa) pulp as a natural egg quality enhancer in laying hens

Abstract This study was carried out to improve commercial egg production using parkia pulp which is usually washed off during the processing of parkia seed into spice. A total of 54 Hyline brown Agrited brand pullets were randomly allotted to 3 treatments, 6 birds per replicate. Parkia pulp was included in the birds’ drink (0%, 1%, and 2% parkia pulp) from 08:00 h to 10:00 h followed by clean cool water daily from day 147 to day 245 (early egg production phase). At day 420 to 448 (late egg production phase) conventional multivitamins, 1% and 2% parkia pulp were included in drinking water for 3 days in a week 08:00 h to 17:00 h. Data on the growth of birds, egg production, and egg internal and external quality were measured and analysed using ANOVA at p < 0.05. The weight of birds in the early egg production phase was directly proportional to the quantity of parkia pulp included in the parkia pulp drink. The number of eggs produced per bird (64.85) was significantly higher from the birds on 1% parkia pulp drink, whereas from the egg quality indicators, egg weight (65.03 g), length (56.15 mm), shell weight (8.06 g), and albumen weight (41.75 g) were all significantly higher at 2% inclusion level of parkia pulp drink in the early stage of egg production. In the late phase there was no significant difference among the treatments in the internal and external egg qualities but the weight of birds on parkia drink was high at p ≤ 0.05. The results of our study show that parkia pulp inclusion in commercial laying hen drink enhances the quality and quantity of egg production.

Climate change mitigation potential of agroforestry farms in West African Savanna

Agroforestry is a land management strategy which interfaces between agriculture and forestry. It is a reliable means to combating climate change in different parts of the world. Although majority of smallholder farmers in Ghana are aware of the benefits associated with agroforestry practice, degradation of trees on farmlands remains a major concern. This study investigates the potential of agroforestry as a climate change mitigation strategy in the Nandom Municipal. Eight (8) agroforestry farms were selected for assessment using the non-destructive method. In each farm, the trees were identified by both scientific and local names. The diameter at breast height and height of the trees were measured. The biomass was estimated using the allometric model developed by Aabeyir et al. (2020). The carbon was estimated from the biomass using a factor of 0.47. The results indicate that carbon sequestration is high among trees species like Lannea velutina, Parkia biglobosa and Vitellaria paradoxa which often have large DBH. The study therefore recommends for nursery and integration of such tree species with smallholder crops for purposes of agroforestry.

Comparative Characterisation Study of the Properties of Modified and Unmodified African Locust Beans (Parkia Bigbosa) Marketed in Ilisan/ Shagamu Area of Ogun State, Nigeria

Introduction: Parkia biglobosa is a wide leguminous plant found in Nigeria and many other African countries. It has been found to contain high calorific value, essential proteins, fatty acids etc. Aims and Objectives: The aim and objective of this work amongst others is to characterize the modified and the unmodified African locust bean with the view of finding out their nutritional value. Methodology: Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was carried out on both the unmodified and modified samples at different magnifications in order to determine their morphologies. Also, Fourier transformed Infrared spectroscopy (FT- IR) was employed to investigate the functional groups and their intensities in the water-based extract of both samples. Finally, X-RD analysis was carried out on the unmodified water-based extract in order to determine the phase names available in the sample. Results: From the SEM analysis, patches and pores were found in each of the samples, but the patches on the modified sample appeared wider than the ones seen in the modified sample. This could be as a result of the breakdown of proteins by microorganisms in the course of fermentation. The following functional groups were detected in the unmodified water sample with their intensities: O-H, N-H (45.64) CH2 O asymmetric, C-H stretch (85.55), CH2 O symmetric, C-H stretch (91.04), C≡N, C≡C (95.16), C=O (64.14) C-CH asymmetric bend (85.22), SO2 symmetric stretch sulfate (85.43) and C-N Stretch (85.42). Additionally, the following functional groups with their intensities were recorded for the modified water based extract: O-H, N-H (74.75), C-N (82.30), C≡N, C≡C (96.34), C=O (85.07), CO2 asymmetric stretch (67.44), CH3 umbrella (74.78), Alkyl/Aryl (83.72), SO2 stretch sulfate (81.73) amongst other vital result obtained from X-RD analysis. Conclusion: More functional groups were prevalent in the modified African locust beans seeds than in the unmodified including their intensities. This is indicative of more nutritional value in the modified sample compared with the unmodified sample.

<i>Parkia biglobosa</i> Fruit Husks: Phytochemistry, Antibacterial, and Free Radical Scavenging Activities

Known for their role in the manufacture of eco-materials in buildings, Parkia biglobosa fruit husks are also used in folk medicine. The present study focuses on the metabolites content and antiradical, antibacterial activities of the hydroethanolic extract of P. biglobosa husks. Secondary metabolites were identified using staining and/or precipitation tests. The mineral content is determined according to the standard NF EN 14082. The antioxidant activity performed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging capacity, and antibacterial activity strain against three Gram-negative and two Gram-positive strains by microdilution for Minimal Inhibitory Concentration. Fruit husks contain tannins, anthocyanins, leuco-anthocyanins, anthraquinones, saponins, reducing compounds, sterols, terpenes, and 1.225% of potassium. The hydroethanolic extract of P. biglobosa fruit husks scavenges the DPPH radical with an EC50 = 64 μg/ml. The extract is more active in one Gram (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli) with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 1.25 mg/mL than the three Gram + studied. This study showed that P. biglobosa fruit husks extract could be used for its antioxidant and antibacterial activities.

Dying Properties of Natural Dyes Extracted from Parkia biglobosa Tree Bark on Cotton Fabric

The research work was carried out to extract natural dyes from Parkia biglobosa tree bark. Synthetic dyes are toxic, non-biodegradable and not friendly to the environment i.e. non-eco-friendly. Natural dye therefore perfectly fit into this since they are non-toxic, biodegradable, non-hazardous and more eco-friendly. Natural dye was extracted from Parkia biglobosa tree bark using Soxhlet extraction method and the dye extract was applied on cotton fabric. The percentage exhaustion, fastness properties and effect of mordant on the dyed samples was evaluated. The post-mordanting method was used to apply the mordant (potassium dichromate) on the samples. The dyeing of the samples were carried out based on the dyeing parameters such as dye concentration, electrolyte concentration, time and temperature respectively. From the result obtained, it was observed that the percentage exhaustion–quantity of dye absorbed by cotton fibre decreases with increase dye concentration. Similarly the absorption of dye was increased with the decrease of dye concentration. The highest percentage exhaustion of 96% was obtained at 10% dye concentration. However, it is observed, that increase in electrolyte concentration resulted increase in the percentage exhaustion. The highest percentage exhaustion of 61% was obtained at 10% electrolyte concentration. This observation is in agreement with the effect of electrolyte concentration on percentage exhaustion. From the result obtained, it was observed that the percentage exhaustion–quantity of dye absorbed by cotton fibre increases with increase in time of dyeing. The highest percentage exhaustion of 76% was obtained at 100 minutes dyeing time. It is obvious, from Figure 4 that the rate of dyeing increases gradually by raising the temperature. The highest dye exhaustion was attained at boiling (100oC). It may be suggested that the extracted dye in the aqueous medium is in aggregated form since they need an increase temperature to migrate into the fibre. In the effect of mordant on dye uptake and enhancement of fastness properties was evaluated from the result; it was observed that mordanting have improvement on the fastness properties. Comparing with the sample without mordant, post-mordanting have a better fastness property. However, on the whole, the mordant sample performs better. From the results it can recommended that dye extracted from Parkia biglobosa Tree Bark can be used to dye cotton fabric. The post-mordanted treated fabric samples have improved fastness properties when compared with non-mordanted fabric samples. The mordant also changed the shade of the dyed samples.

Use of Additive Based on Non-Timber Forest Products for the Ecological Stabilization of Raw Earth: Case of the Parkia Biglobosa Nut and Vitellaria Paradoxa

Use of Additive Based on Non-Timber Forest Products for the Ecological Stabilization of Raw Earth: Case of the Parkia Biglobosa Nut and Vitellaria Paradoxa

Hormonal influence of gibberellin and auxin on early growth of Parkia biglobosa (Jacq (Benth))

Hormonal influence of gibberellin and auxin on early growth of Parkia biglobosa (Jacq (Benth))

PLANT RESOURCE UTILIZATION AND CONSERVATION STRATEGIES AMONG RURAL COMMUNITIES OF GWANDUM, SHONGOM LGA OF GOMBE STATE

In this study, we obtained an in-depth ethnobotanical studies in some selected rural communities of Shongom Local Government Area of Gombe State to close this knowledge gap. Information was obtained from 98 individuals through interviews using semi-structured questionnaire and group discussions, supplemented with field observations. A total of 34 ethnobotanically important plant species belonging to 18 families (92% indigenous and 8% exotics) mostly from the Fabaceae, Arecaceae, Anacardiaceae, Combretaceae, and Moraceae were documented. These plant species were mainly utilized for food, medicine, fodder, construction and fencing purposes. Significantly used species were Moringa oleifera (Linn), Adansonia digitata, Ficus thonningii, Anogeissusleio carpus, Dioscorea Spp, Parkia biglobosa and Mangifera indica. Only 25 (%) of the species reported had their statusassessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Local social beliefs, taboos, fines as well as traditional rules and regulation are in place to aid the management of communal resources. However, a significant number (62%) of participants mentioned that they were not pleased with the rule and regulations. This study concluded that plant resourcesstill play a crucial role in rural villages of Shongom Local Government Area. Furthermore, for utilization and effective long-term conservation of these plant species, government implemented conservation measure alongside awareness creation are highly recommended.

Characterization of the Physicochemical, Functional, Granulometric and Mineral Properties of Néré (Parkia Biglobosa) FN, FW and FK Flours From Korhogo in Côte d'Ivoire

The néré fruit is known in the north of Côte d’Ivoire for its seeds, which are used to prepare soumbara, and for its pulp, which is also consumed. Unfortunately, the nutritional value of the pulp is not known by the population and it is not processed by local industries. This study contributes to the valorization of néré fruits. After hulling, the pulp is dried in the sun, crushed, and sieved to produce three types of flour, depending on its origin. The flours from Niofoin, Waragniéré, and Kanoroba have been coded FN, FW, and FK respectively. The study of the physicochemical properties of the flours showed, depending on their origin, a moisture content of 5.4 to 7.6%, the average fibre content of 15.27%, high total carbohydrate content (81.05 to 84%), high energy value (360.4 to 369.13 Kcal/100g). The study showed the presence of antioxidants such as polyphenols (319.15 to 400.09mg/100g). Anti-nutrients like oxalates (7.42 to 10.81mg/100g) were found in low amounts. The study of functional properties showed a water absorption capacity of 199.54 to 207.55%, and an oil absorption capacity of 105.46 to 109.35%. The mineral study showed the presence of magnesium (0.05 to 0.076ppm), potassium (0.01 to 0.054ppm), calcium (0, 094 to 0.131ppm), iron (0.025ppm), copper (0.02 to 0.129ppm). The granulometric studies showed that the vast majority of the particles of the flours FN, FW, and FK, are smaller than 250 µm. The flours FN, FW, and FK contain macronutrients, high energy value, fibre, interesting functional properties, antioxidants, and minerals that are beneficial for the local populations and can be used by the food industries.

Forestry Resource Exploitation by Rural Household, Their Pathways out of Poverty and its Implications on the Environment. A Case Study of Toro LGA of Bauchi State, Nigeria

In order to survive and thrive in their pathways out of poverty, rural households may engage in a livelihood strategy such as daily dependent on forest products resources that could have an implication on the environment. This study focused on a case study of rural households’ daily dependent on forest products, their pathways out of poverty and its implication on the environment in the Toro Local Government Area of Bauchi State, Nigeria using a total of 200 questionnaires distributed in four wards of the study area. Data obtained show that the most exploited tree was Parkia biglobosa (64%) and this was due to its abundance in the study are. The study revealed gross unsustainable use of forest and forest products due to poverty, unemployment (34%), illiteracy (76.5%), house hold size (3.5-61.5%), poor income and high demand for forest and forest products for sale to increase income and improve family standard of living. Poor management of this challenge would create problems for the future generations and the goal of environmental sustainability would be far from reality. Government should set up strong regulatory frame work for the use of the forest resources, while checking indiscriminate felling of trees.

NUTRITIONAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF SOUMBARA (Parkia biglobosa) SEEDS POWDER AND Moringa oleifera LEAF FORMULATIONS

Background: In the face of the numerous nutrition and public health problems experienced in many parts of the world, particularly in the poorest regions, food formulation is an excellent means of enhancing the nutritional value of foodstuffs and preventing certain pathologies.
 Aim of the Study: This study was conducted to determine the biochemical and phytochemical composition and nutritional value of the formulations of Neré soumbara and Moringa oleifera leaves.
 Materials and Methods: The different formulations were produced from powder from Néré (Parkia Biglobosa) and powder from leaves of Moringa oleifera.
 Results: The results obtained revealed that the formulations made from Néré soumbara and Moringa oleifera leaves have a very appreciable nutritional potential. Thus the content of fat, protein, fiber, iron, and calcium was between 3.49 and 37.95%; 31.67 and 36.56%; 10.32 and 13.54%; 11.37 and 172.56% and 1123.31 and 1586.73%, respectively. The content of total flavonoids, condensed tannins, and total polyphenols was respectively between 4.66 and 37.22 mg/g EQ ; between 3.20 and 7.17 mgEC/gMS; and between 53.42 and 102.14 mgEAG/MS. In addition, all the formulations showed high antioxidant activity, with values between 82.44% and 83.36%. Microbiological analysis during storage at ambient temperature revealed that the formulations were of acceptable quality according to Directive 2005/2073/EC on microbiological criteria for foodstuffs. Furthermore, statistical analyses showed significant differences (P<0.05) between the formulations.
 Conclusion: From all the formulations analyzed, S20M80 and S30M70 had the highest levels of nutrients and phytochemicals.

Evaluation of anxiolytic activity of decoction of Parkia biglobosa in mice exposed to chronic immobilisation and physical activity test

Anxiety is a major current issue for both athletes and sedentary people. Several strategies for fighting this condition, aimed at limiting its sometimes adverse effects on the health and performance of athletes, are currently being developed. This study aims at assessing the combined effect of the decoction of dried Parkia biglobosa bark and aerobic physical activity in white mice. For this purpose, the elevated plus maze test (EPM) and the open field test were used. Thirty male and female mice of approximately eight weeks of age and 22 g body weight were used. They were divided into six groups of five mice each. This makes three test groups, one of which received the plant decoction by gavage and underwent anxiety induction; the other plant decoction and underwent anxiety induction and physical activity, and the third the anxiety induction and physical activity. A normal group received distilled water by gavage, a negative control group received distilled water by gavage and underwent anxiety induction and a positive control group received diazepam intraperitoneally and underwent anxiety induction. Thus, the results in the EPM give a significant difference (p˂0.001) in the open arms of the number of entries from 5 ± 1 in the negative control mice to 27 ± 2.54 in those treated with 56 mg/kg of the batch (Pb56+SIC+AP), the percentage of entries from 18.08 ± 4.54 in the negative control mice to 84.46 ± 2.57 in those treated with 56 mg/kg of the group (Pb56+SIC+AP). Then, the open field test showed a significant increase (p˂0.001) in the time spent in the centre from 6 ± 1second in the negative control mice to 42 ± 2 in those treated with 56 mg/kg of the group (Pb56+SIC+AP), in the number of crossing from 53 ± 4, 24 in the negative control mice to 101.8 ± 7.15 in those treated with 56 mg/kg of the group (Pb56+SIC+AP), the number of grooming from 2 ± 0.70 in the negative control mice to 11 ± 1.87 in those treated with 56 mg/kg of the batch (Pb56+SIC+AP). The decoction of dried barks of P. biglobosa combined with physical activity produces anxiolytic effects, that is, the ability to treat anxiety.

Evaluation of anxiolytic activity of decoction of Parkia biglobosa in mice exposed to chronic immobilisation and physical activity test

Evaluation of anxiolytic activity of decoction of Parkia biglobosa in mice exposed to chronic immobilisation and physical activity test

In vitro antileishmanial activity and molecular docking studies of lupeol and monostearin, isolated from Parkia biglobosa

Parkia biglobosa (Leguminosae) is used traditionally for managing leishmaniasis. However, there are no reports of the antileishmanial constituents from the plant. This study is aimed at isolating antileishmanial compounds, from the stem bark of P. biglobosa, and assessing their mechanism of action using molecular docking studies. Bioassay-guided fractionation led to the isolation of two known compounds, lupeol and monostearin. Their structures were elucidated using their mass spectra. Using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymathoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tretrazolium (MTS) assay, the evaluated antileishmanial effects of lupeol (1) and monostearin (2) showed IC50 values of 164.42 and 151.99 µg/mL respectively. The antileishmanial effects of the crude extract, non-polar, mid-polar and polar fractions were determined to be 64.43, 126.25, 725.65 and 167.52 µg/mL respectively. Molecular docking studies of the two isolates within the active sites of two validated targets in the Leishmania parasite: trypanothione reductase (TR) and pteridine reductase 1 (PTR1), showed that both compounds established important interactions with key amino acid residues in both proteins. Lupeol exhibited binding affinities of -7.1 kcal/mol and -10.2 kcal/mol for TR and PTR1, respectively, better than monostearin in both cases. Our findings back the claim that P. biglobosa stem bark possesses antileishmanial effects. Furthermore, the isolates lupeol and monostearin may be partly responsible for the observed activities.

Effect of Different Fermentation Containers and Time on the Chemical and Functional Properties of Parkia Biglobosa Seed Condiment (IRU)

African locust bean (Parkia biglobosa) is one of the major seed plants used for the production of the most popular indigenous fermented condiment. Parkia biglobosa seeds were fermented for 24, 48 and 72 hours using four different fermentation containers (stainless steel, plastic and calabash), and the effect of both time and type of container were examined. The chemical and functional properties of fermented iru were determined using standard methods. Crude protein, fat, fibre, ash, carbohydrate and moisture were significant (p<0.05), with values ranging thus: (40.51–43.71%), (33.44–36.06%), (2.50–4.12%), (2.0–2.75), (8.62–15.8) and (4.59–8.58%) respectively. Increase in fermentation time caused significant changes in the following functional properties: water absorption capacity (1.5–3.0), oil absorption capacity (0.70–1.65%), bulk density (1.5–3.0) and acid value (5.02–6.51 mgKOH/g). Fermentation time and type of container were observed to influence the chemical and functional properties of iru. However, fermentation time had a better influence compared to type of fermentation container. Stainless steel proved effective for the fermentation of iru compared to other containers used, while calabash and plastic were observed to ensure optimum fermentation condition, which influenced both functional and chemical composition.

English

The Néré (Parkia biglobosa L.) is a tree of the Mimosaceae family, typical of the semi-arid and sub-humid zones of West Africa generally found in the northern of Côte d'Ivoire. The yellow pulp on the seeds of Néré is consumed raw or used for the preparation of drinks or enters into the composition of many cereal foods. The objective of the present study was to identify the dishes integrating Néré pulp in the formulation, the process and the food habits based on its consumption. Thus, a food consumption survey was carried out in 135 households per department (Korhogo, Séguéla and Bouna) in the northern of Côte d'Ivoire. Data revealed that five cereals dishes and a beverage based on Néré pulp were consumed in investigated areas. The process and the consumption form of foods depend on consumers’ ethnic group and their origin region. Most people consume foods based on Néré pulp to have a good health. Among dishes, Nammigue was the most known and consumed food (36.79%) as a lunch with a consumption frequency of two times per month. Six foods based on Néré were identified and their processes were described.   Key words: Pulp, Néré, foods typology, consumption practices, household survey, Côte d’Ivoire.

Allelopathic Effect of Aqueous Extract of Parkia Biglobosa (L.) on Some Weeds in Gombe State, Nigeria

This study examined the allelopathic effect of different concentration of aqueous extracts of Parkia biglobosa stem bark on the germination and growth of weed seeds species. Seeds of Eragorastis tenella, Eragorastis atrovirens, Pannicum pedicellata, Pennisetum sub albidum, Hypharrhenia rufa and Brcichiaria brizantha were tested for plumule germination and radicle growth with three different concentrations of 1%, 5%, 10% plant extract while ordinary water was used as control. Growth parameters including germinated weeds population were measured; the highest germinated weeds population was at the control (8.06±3.97) and the least was obtained from the 10% concentration with the mean of (4.42±2.59). Weeds population decreased as the concentration increased. The highest mean of weeds height was recorded from 1% concentration (11.46±7.08) which is statistically significant while the least mean was recorded from 10% concentration (7.69±6.70) statistically not significant. The family emergence by concentration indicated that, the experiment under control had (4 families) for 1% (2 families), 5% (2 families) and 10% (4 families) emerged. The germination, radicle and plumule length were inhibited when compare with control and the inhibition was statistically not significant at.

Optimization of traditional starter culture and African locust beans for daddawa production using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

“Daddawa” is a traditional condiment that is produced by the fermentation of African locust beans (Parkia biglobosa). It is a popular food condiment and economical method of food preservation specifically in the West and Central African region. The traditional starter culture used was isolated and identified using biochemical methods. Optimization of fermentation conditions of the starter culture and the locust beans was carried out using a central composite design of response surface methodology (RSM). The fermentation was considered at 40°C for 72 h. Bacteria suspected to be Bacillus subtilis, other Bacillus species, Staphylococcus aureus and other Staphylococcus species were isolated from the traditional starter culture while Bacillus subtilis and other Bacillus species, were further isolated from the optimized product. Locust bean fermentation was found to be optimum at 0.12 g of the starter culture and 50 g of locust beans. The results illustrate 0.994 mg/ml concentration of amino acid (L –Valine) and 8.15 x 106 cfu/ml total mesophilic bacterial count at the optimum parameters. This result revealed that Bacillus species, most importantly Bacillus subtilis are the vibrant bacteria involved in the fermentation process since it was significantly found in the end product.