Park Planning Research Articles

Research on Art Design of Urban Wetland Park Planning Based on the Concept of Sustainable Development

Abstract With the development of the social economy, the scale of cities has expanded rapidly, and the urban ecological imbalance has become increasingly severe, which has caused many urban problems. People gradually realise that cities and human beings develop more harmoniously and healthily by building and developing cities on the basis of natural ecology and seeking the harmonious coexistence of ecology and humanity. The results of the sustainable landscape ecological evaluation of Anhui Shilonghu National Wetland Park show that the park has good ecological, social, and economic benefits and functions. The urban ecological environment and social and economic development have a good supporting effect on the park, and its overall evaluation grade is good. Compared with other waterscape parks, the ecological function of urban wetland parks is the most basic and essential function of the landscape. It has multiple functions, such as popular science education and being close to nature and entertainment. Developing wetland ecological experience tourism activities benefits wetland protection and ecologically coordinated, sustainable development. It can also comprehensively improve wetland parks’ ecological, social, and economic benefits.

Relationship between visitor characteristics, physical activity levels and park environment in subtropical areas’ urban parks

Urban parks are of great significance improving the physical and mental health of residents. However, there is still a lack of systematic discussion of the relationship between visitor characteristics, physical activity (PA) levels, and urban park environments, especially within subtropical areas of Asia. We took 12 urban parks in Guangzhou, China as the research objects, comprehensively used BRAT and SOPARC to observe the microenvironment and visitors’ PA in the urban parks, and supplemented the research with interviews. The results of the study revealed that: (1) The urban parks in Guangzhou cannot fully encourage visitors to engage in high PA levels, and due to the temperature of subtropical areas most visitors chose medium and high PA levels in the morning. (2) Leisure preferences and environment features determined that females tended to engage in medium and high PA levels more than males. Minors preferred high PA levels, while other age groups preferred low PA levels. (3) All groups attached great importance to rest facilities and shade. Among them, the youth paied more attention to the quality of the landscape and the middle-aged were attracted by the scent. (4) Low PA levels were affected largely by the site elements and high PA levels were greatly affected by varying terrains and shade. (5) Areas that including recreation and sport facilities had the highest concentration of medium and high PA levels; however, were insufficient to meet the needs of multiple age groups. Finally, we made recommendations to improve the PA levels of visitors in subtropical areas and gave advice concerning more humanized park planning.

Diversity of Spontaneous Plants in Eco-Parks and Its Relationship with Environmental Characteristics of Parks

Suburban areas connect the city and the natural land. This kind of area is subject to high ecological sensitivity. To give full play to the ecological value of spontaneous plants, it was applied to the construction of suburban parks. We need to explore the influence factors of park characteristics on spontaneous plants. This study takes Jiangyangfan Ecological Park as the main research object. We have investigated the spontaneous plants in it and the surrounding parks. Hence, 16 kinds of park environmental characteristic factors were selected to explore their effects on the composition and diversity of spontaneous plants. The results showed that: (1) There were 138 species of spontaneous plants belonging to 126 genera and 62 families in Jiangyangfan Ecological Park. Native plants accounted for 88.10%. (2) The Shannon-Wiener diversity index of spontaneous plants was ranked as Jiangyangfan Ecological Park > White Pagoda Park > Eight Diagrams Field Relic Park > Haiyue Waterscape Park. (3) Among the overall characteristic factors, the park perimeter and the actual accessible area had the most significant positive correlation to the diversity of spontaneous plants (p < 0.05). Among the environmental element characteristic factors, the Shannon-Wiener diversity index of cultivated plants had the strongest positive correlation with the diversity of spontaneous plants (p < 0.01). The number of water bodies presented the strongest negative correlation (p < 0.01). This study provides a useful reference for the rational planning of parks in suburban areas and the construction of sustainable urban and rural landscapes. The research results will contribute to the restoration of the ecological environment.

Evaluating Bicycling Environments with Trajectory Data on Shared Bikes: A Case Study of Beijing

A detailed evaluation of the riding environment can help the government master the urban riding environment, identify problematic road sections, and improve riding quality. However, the current evaluation of riding environment is mainly subjective, lacking big data (e.g., shared bicycle trajectory data) as a data-driven objective evaluation system. The emergence of shared bicycle data has provided data support for data-driven riding environment evaluation, but there are few studies using shared bicycle data for riding evaluation at present. First, according to the characteristics of the data and the riding environment, a boxplot method and Bayesian probabilistic network model are used to exclude abnormal data and to match trajectories to road sections. Second, this paper proposes a data-driven evaluation framework based on riding influencing factors. An evaluation framework, which is composed of node-, link-, and block-level evaluation indicators, was constructed, using an evaluation model combining TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) and KNN (K-Nearest Neighbors). The evaluation results can identify parking issues, intersection difficulties, and lane occupancy issues on bicycle sections, and visually reflect the riding environment. The significance of this article is to create an objective evaluation system based on a data-driven technology to accurately identify sections and causes of riding quality problems. The research results can be applied in the future to evaluate the cycling environment around the railway stations for bicycle parking planning and determine the foothold for traffic management.

UGV Parking Planning Based on Swarm Optimization and Improved CBS in High-Density Scenarios for Innovative Urban Mobility

The existence of information silos between vehicles and parking lots means that Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs) repeatedly drive to seek available parking slots, resulting in wasted resources, time consumption and traffic congestion, especially in high-density parking scenarios. To address this problem, a novel UGV parking planning method is proposed in this paper, which consists of cooperative path planning, conflict resolution strategy, and optimal parking slot allocation, intending to avoid ineffective parking seeking by vehicles and releasing urban traffic pressure. Firstly, the parking lot induction model was established and the IACA–IA was developed for optimal parking allocation. The IACA–IA was generated using the improved ant colony algorithm (IACA) and immunity algorithm. Compared with the first-come-first-served algorithm (FCFS), the normal ant colony algorithm (NACA), and the immunity algorithm (IA), the IACA–IA was able to allocate optimal slots at a lower cost and in less time in complex scenarios with multi-entrance parking lots. Secondly, an improved conflict-based search algorithm (ICBS) was designed to efficiently resolve the conflict of simultaneous path planning for UGVs. The dual-layer objective expansion strategy is the core of the ICBS, which takes the total path cost of UGVs in the extended constraint tree as the first layer objective, and the optimal driving characteristics of a single UGV as the second layer objective. Finally, three kinds of load-balancing and unbalanced parking scenarios were constructed to test the proposed method, and the performance of the algorithm was demonstrated from three aspects, including computation, quality and timeliness. The results show that the proposed method requires less computation, has higher path quality, and is less time-consuming in high-density scenarios, which provide a reasonable and efficient solution for innovative urban mobility.

Analysis of Greenhouse Gas Emissions as an Effort to Reduce the Impact of Climate Change

The planning of Al Amin Living lab and Industrial Park along with the administration in which there are various activities that produce carbon emissions, these activities need to be calculated to find out how much the activity contributes to the emissions produced so that negative impacts on the environment can be assimilated. This research is a descriptive research. Calculation of carbon footprint from combustion results for four-wheeled vehicles as many as 156 units of 356.757 Kg CO2-eq and 4.757 Kg CH4-eq; 155 Two-wheeled Vehicles amounting to 354,470 Kg CO2-eq and 4,726 Kg CH4-eq; 5 units of buses amounted to 13.338 Kg CO2-eq and 0.020 Kg CH4-eq. Calculation of carbon footprint from waste disposal activities from Ecotourism activities with a capacity of 500 people amounting to 31.85 Kg CO2-eq; Agriculture with a working capacity of 20 people of 1,274 Kg CO2-eq; Farm with a working capacity of 5 people of 0.382 Kg CO2-eq; Mosque with a capacity of 2,000 people of 127.4 Kg CO2-eq; Café and Plaza Utama with a capacity of 2,500 people of 159.25 Kg CO2-eq; Ceremony ha;; with a capacity of 1,000 people of 63.7 Kg CO2-eq; Sport center with a capacity of 300 people of 19.11 Kg CO2-eq. The calculation of the carbon footprint of waste disposal activities is calculated only based on the number of people or users in the activity area. Keywords: Capacity of Al Amin Living Laboratory Activities, Carbon Footprint, Garbage disposal activities, Greenhouse Gas Emissions.

Research on the Development and Construction of Modern Science and Technology Park

Summarize the theoretical research results and the most advanced planning and development concepts of science and technology parks by combing the historical context of the construction and development of science and technology parks in the world. Study the typical cases of science and technology parks at home and abroad, study and sort out the development path and construction and operation ideas of new science and technology parks in small and medium-sized cities in China in recent years, absorb the experience of the establishment and operation of excellent science and technology parks at home and abroad, and explore the planning and design theory, development and operation ideas of science and technology parks in the context of "mass entrepreneurship and innovation", as well as the exploration of the park profit model based on the overall planning and development status of Qinchuangyuan, Shaanxi Province. To provide theoretical support and future development ideas for the subsequent planning and operation of Qinchuangyuan Western (Xianyang) Science and Technology Venture Bay, and improve its later construction plan and operation plan.

Optimizing urban green space patterns to improve spatial equity using location-allocation model: A case study in Wuhan

Green space allocation aims to support the UNs sustainable development goals (SDGs) and to mitigate the conflicts between supply and demand. Previous studies have shown that the uneven distribution of populations and natural locations of green space results in environmental inequity. However, there is still a lack of knowledge on strategies for reducing mismatches of supply and demand by optimizing spatial patterns in highly dense cities. Developed urbanized areas are featured in fewer spaces for greening. In this study, we set three scenarios for coordinating the provision and demand of urban green spaces at a block scale. Taking the main city of Wuhan as an example, we apply the location-allocation model in order to identify potential sites for new green spaces. Then, the simulations of the three scenarios are used to depict various development strategies by evaluating the improvement of green equity. Our results show that the levels of green space accessibility are lower on the west side of the city center, while relatively higher on the east side, due to abundant natural resources. The Gini coefficient is 0.715, indicating unequal access for citizens to green space. Increasing green areas could enhance green equity, and the most effective way to allocate new increments is based on the accessibility. For developed cities, blocks with lower accessibility should be given priority when increasing green areas; doing so could offset the shortage of large green areas and reduce green inequity within daily walking distances. Optimal green space planning of small and functional parks near communities has the potential to meet higher recreational demands in densely populated areas.

Factors affecting cultural ecosystem services use in Vilnius (Lithuania): A participatory mapping survey approach

Assessing preferences of recreational activities related to cultural ecosystem services (CES) in urban areas is essential for decision-making and urban green space (UGS) management. This work aims to assess the preferences and factors (based on socio-demographic and motivation variables) influencing CES-related activities in Vilnius, Lithuania, to provide scientific knowledge to support more efficient UGS design and management. Participatory mapping was reported as relevant for urban park planning and decision-making and was applied to identify spatially explicit CES. We assessed the perceived relevance of five CES-related activities groups (Social activities, Inspirational activities, Cultural activities, Spiritual activities, and Physical activities) via participatory mapping through an online survey (n = 1.114). The users selected one preferred geographic location for each CES-related activities group and attributed relevance (using a 5-point Likert scale) for a set of motivation items. The results showed that Physical and Social activities were the respondents' most important CES-related activity groups, while Spiritual activities were the less popular. Factor Analysis showed that the respondent's recreation experience preferences, or motivations, were the most relevant variables influencing all the groups except for the Social activities group. Regarding Cultural activities, preferences for understanding things &learn about history were the most relevant variables. For Inspirational activities, the variables developing knowledge &to learn were the most important. Enjoying nature's quietness &frequency was the most relevant for Physical activities. Regarding Spiritual activities, the most important variables were related to the development of spiritual activities and the reflection on personal religious values. Finally, socio-demographic variables mainly influenced social activities, namely education level, gender and age group. The spatial distribution was different between activity groups. Inspirational activities showed the highest dispersion, and Spiritual activities the highest concentration. The results of this work are relevant to municipal managers, as they allow for a better understanding of users' interactions with the territory, its multifunctionality, and potential areas of conflict between conservation and recreation.

Identifying Park Spatial Characteristics That Encourage Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity among Park Visitors

The general consensus is that physical activity can prevent and manage lifestyle-induced chronic diseases, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) has been included in several guidelines of WHO as an indicative intensity standard. Numerous studies have confirmed that improving the spatial quality of urban parks can be very helpful in supporting physical activities, and that the quality of parks is significantly related to the intensity of physical activities. However, few studies have explored the spatial characteristics of activating physical activities. Using a modified System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC), this study examines the relationship between spatial characteristics and MVPA through a binary logistic regression model. The results reveal that: firstly, inconsistent with other similar studies, the most observed group in the park is the adults rather than the seniors, and the proportion of the females (51%) is higher; secondly, the distribution of MVPA in different groups shows that the seniors have less interaction with other groups, and they have a significant spatial attachment. Thirdly, in functionality, large lawn and jogging trails have been proved to be the most effective features to promote the occurrence of MVPA; among the activity, except for the significant correlation between equipped and MVPA, other attributes can be proved to encourage MVPA as well as those in comfort. In conclusion, our results can contribute to the planning and design of the urban park as well as the further management and allocation of the space and facilities under the vision of promoting public health.

GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN AL AMIN LIVING LAB AND INDUSTRIAL PARK PLANNING

The impact of carbon emissions as a major cause of climate change has raised concerns and become a challenge for the international community. To reduce emissions, it is necessary to study the carbon footprint of activities in Al-Amin. The planning of Al Amin Living lab and Industrial Park along with the administration in which various activities produce carbon emissions these activities need to be calculated to find out how much the activity contributes to the emissions produced so that negative impacts on the environment can be minimized. Opportunities for PSE-GR Development Areas with the concept of Eco-Tech-Edu Tourism which has an understanding of Circular Economy Education (CED) is still very minimal in North Sumatra, PSE-GR can be a pioneer in spreading this understanding of CED where the integration of economic and educational activities occurs which at the same time helps maintain the preservation of nature. Encouraged by the development of the Independent Learning Curriculum (ILC), it is hoped that PSE-GR can become a place for research, service, and practicum of the UNPAB academic community that increases awareness of the need for nature conservation. Because Green Technology from across fields of science is still very minimally discussed and is still often partially researched, UNPAB can be an example of the integration of fields of science that become practical, dynamic, educational, and economic value innovations. The existence of 20 ha of land owned by the Prof. DR H Kadirun Yahya Foundation, it is hoped that UNPAB can develop a Living lab ecosystem at least on 10 ha of land. PSE-GR is not expected to be as exclusive as tourist areas in general, with the concept of CED, PSE-GR will not only help become an income generator & source of educational land for the academic community but also help the welfare of the village and the surrounding community. Carbon footprint studies are carried out in 3 scopes according to The Greenhouse Gas Protocol (GHG Protocol), namely emissions from sources owned or directly controlled by the faculty, indirect emissions from electricity consumption, and other indirect emissions (WRI and WBSCD, 2004). Carbon footprint emissions from all three scopes are calculated based on methods from the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) for the national greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory.

A Study on Experiential and Empathetic Citizen Participation Methods in Park Planning

日本では、市民が参加する公園づくりの前例は多いが、いずれも実際の利用との結びつきが強くなく、活動の想像に過ぎないため、完成との差があるのではないだろうか。そのため、今後は市民が使ってみる、試してみるという経験を繰り返し、「使ってみたい」という意見に共感しながらデザインを更新していく必要がある。本研究では、公園づくりの市民参加型手法の構築を目的に、滋賀県米原市西部の新都市公園整備計画の基本設計段階において、4回のワークショップを開催した。その結果、抽出された意見は「49の思い」として翻訳され、設計図に反映され、最終的には計画地を体験する市民によって設計が更新される可能性があることがわかった。以上のことから、立地や利用施設などの深い情報と、市民の要望などの表面的な情報を抽出することで、計画に反映できる手法が確立されたと考えられる。

Cooling effect and cooling accessibility of urban parks during hot summers in China's largest sustainability experiment

The rapid urbanization process has given rise to urban heating problem and social stratification, prompting calls to evaluate and improve the quality and equity of parks’ cooling service. Our study quantified cooling effect of 1,337 parks from both maximum and accumulation perspectives and investigated cooling accessibility through network analysis in 26 cities of Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB), China's largest sustainability experiment. 1,189 (88.93%) parks showed significant cooling effect. On average, per park cooled down 2.34 ± 0.07 °C and 40.34 ± 1.17 ha, which was more than four times park area. The accumulative cooling intensity and gradient averaged at 108.55 ± 3.15 °C • m and 0.64 ± 0.02 °C, respectively. Our study also uncovered inequity in cooling accessibility in hot summers, as about 40.3% residents could not access to parks’ cooling service within 30-min walk. Suburban residents had more difficulty accessing to parks’ cooling services. This study can guide greater planning and design of parks to move toward a more equitable and livable direction across different urbanization hierarchy cities.

The fate of urban green spaces: Assessment of the ownership, availability and conditions of parks in Accra, Ghana

Globally, the loss of green spaces threatens the sustainability of many cities. Among other factors, complex land ownership and management regime reportedly disrupt land administration and development; but with inconclusive empirical evidence on how this influences the conditions, availability and development of parks. This study, using Accra, thus employs document analysis, 16 key informant interviews and observation of majaor parks to: (i) explore the spatial location of parks and the relationship between their ownership and conditions, (ii) examine the factors which have influenced the decline in park size and conditions, and (iii) examine the institutional response to improving upon park planning, availability and conditions. The findings show distributive injustice of parks as most of them are located in high- and middle-income neighborhoods. There is also evidence of decreasing available park land per 1000 population between 1991 and 2022. Parks managed by private institutions were found to be in very good state compared to those managed by state institutions. The existing dualistic and complex land tenure regime have largely led to the decline in park availability and conditions. Other reported factors were rapid urbanization, land litigation, low priority to park development and planning, laxity in the enforcement of regulations, and political interference. The study makes recommendations to improve upon existing practices and generally enhance park creation, availability and conditions.

Effects of the spatial patterns of urban parks on public satisfaction: evidence from Shanghai, China.

Urban parks need to meet the growing demand for activities vital to residents' well-being and urban development. A holistic understanding of public satisfaction with urban parks is a prerequisite for improving management. The spatial patterns and composition of urban parks vary greatly, and the objective of this study is to comprehensively investigate public satisfaction with urban parks and the impact of their structure. With the metropolis of Shanghai, China, as an example, we employed 111,814 social media data sets for 50 urban park sites to quantify public satisfaction via the long short-term memory model. We analyzed the internal, boundary and external dimensions of spatial patterns and described the internal landscape patterns from the perspectives of size, heterogeneity, aggregation, shape, diversity and landscape elements. Moreover, we used all-subset regression and hierarchical partitioning to quantify the relationship and mechanism of action between spatial patterns and public satisfaction. The results indicate that the mean value of public satisfaction with urban parks was 0.716 (ranging from 0 to 1), which is generally positive or neutral. Satisfaction was influenced by the internal, boundary, and external spatial patterns of urban parks. The independent contribution rates of external transportation facility density (51.49%) and internal edge density (48.51%) to satisfaction. We highlight the roles of spatial patterns, especially the degree of external transportation convenience and the edge density of urban parks at the landscape level. The findings provide guidance and recommendations for the planning and design of public satisfaction-oriented urban parks. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10980-023-01615-z.

Discover the Desirable Landscape Structure of Urban Parks for Mitigating Urban Heat: A High Spatial Resolution Study Using a Forest City, Luoyang, China as a Lens.

Urban parks can mitigate the urban heat island (UHI) and effectively improve the urban microclimate. In addition, quantifying the park land surface temperature (LST) and its relationship with park characteristics is crucial for guiding park design in practical urban planning. The study's primary purpose is to investigate the relationship between LST and landscape features in different park categories based on high-resolution data. In this study, we identified the land cover types of 123 parks in Luoyang using WorldView-2 data and selected 26 landscape pattern indicators to quantify the park landscape characteristics. The result shows that the parks can alleviate UHI in most seasons, but some can increase it in winter. While the percentage of bare land, PD, and PAFRAC have a positive impact on LST, AREA_MN has a significant negative impact. However, to deal with the current urban warming trend, a compact, clustered landscape configuration is required. This study provides an understanding of the major factors affecting the mitigation of thermal effects in urban parks (UP) and establishes a practical and feasible urban park renewal method under the idea of climate adaptive design, which provides valuable inspiration for urban park planning and design.

Wetland Park Planning and Management Based on the Valuation of Ecosystem Services: A Case Study of the Tieling Lotus Lake National Wetland Park (LLNWP), China.

The valuation of wetland ecosystem services and the construction of environmental landscapes are generally recognized as contributing to the sustainable development of human wellbeing. The valuation of ecosystem services plays an important role in planning for the recovery of degraded wetlands and in urban wetland park management; however, the role of the valuation of ecosystem services is always ignored. To bring more intuitive awareness to the importance of the ecological functions of wetlands and to rationally plan wetland parks, the Lotus Lake National Wetland Park (LLNWP), an urban wetland park in Northeast China, was selected as the study area. We referred to the millennium ecosystem assessment (MA) method and calculated the valuation of this park using the market value, benefit transfer, shadow engineering, carbon tax, and travel cost. ArcGIS was used for remote sensing interpretation. The research results were as follows. LLNWP was classified under seven types of land-use. The functions of the ecosystem services included provisioning, regulating, supporting, and cultural services, and their total value in LLNWP was 11.68×108 CNY. Regarding the per-unit area value of the ecological service functions of different land types, it was found that forest swamp > herbaceous swamp > artificial wetland > permanent river > floodplain wetland. Combined with the characteristics of the functions of its ecosystem's services, LLNWP was divided into ecological and socio-cultural functions. Then, according to the main service functions of the different land types, we propose that the space in LLNWP can be reused, and proposal planning and management suggestions can be made with the aim of preserving the basic functions.

용산가족공원 조성 과정의 특성과 의미† - 서울시 기록을 중심으로 -

The ongoing Yongsan Park development project began in 1988 with the development of a utilization plan for the US Army base in Yongsan after the Army relocation. This study aimed to draw implications for the Yongsan Park project by focusing on Yongsan Family Park. Among the public records of Yongsan Park and Yongsan Family Park transferred to the Seoul Metropolitan Archives, 53 major records were analyzed. The results are as follows. First, Yongsan Family Park, built on the site of the US Army golf course in 1992, was considered a part of the Yongsan Park plan and holds status as the first phase of the Yongsan Park project. Second, despite its status, Yongsan Family Park opened as a temporary park occupied by urban facilities. A design and detailed roadmap of the development process is necessary to make Yongsan Park more resilient. Third, organizing and systematizing public records is necessary because lessons learned through past park development processes can be applied to the current project. This study is meaningful since it uncovered important issues of urban planning discussed in the process of Yongsan Family Park development through a complete analysis of public records, examined the linkage between Yongsan Family Park, which was not known until now, and the ongoing Yongsan Park project, and reaffirmed the importance of park archiving for long-term development projects.

Exploring the elements of effective public cycle parking: A literature review

In the field of cycle policy and planning, alongside ambitions to expand segregated cycle networks, there is a push across many countries for increasing the quality and quantity of cycle parking as a critical component of cycling infrastructure. In order to support these measures, planning guides have been developed to guide the expansion and improvement of cycle parking facilities. A common feature of these policies and guides for cycle parking interventions is an absence of dialogue with, or reference to, peer-reviewed research investigating cycle parking and the potential effectiveness of different approaches to cycle parking planning. The use of such research could help to create cycle parking that may be more effective in attracting and providing for people cycling. On this basis, we engage in a literature review of a select body of cycling research whose findings could contribute to more effective cycle parking planning practice. Drawing on our review, we propose a number of tentative ‘elements’ for effective public cycle parking planning practice: visibility, protection, accessibility, proximity, integration, and diversification. These elements could be used in conjunction with local knowledge and context-specific assessment measures to maximise the potential effectiveness of cycle parking planning in different regions, and can be situated as part of a wider struggle to acquire public space for cycling within car-dominant contexts.

Direction for interpretive programming from Alberta Provincial Park management plans

Park management plans provide strategic direction for the future management of specific parks. These plans set goals and strategies for many park management concerns, including ecological integrity, visitor services, facilities, boundaries, and resource allocation. Understanding interpretive goals, topics, and strategies will help a park or park system develop a coherent approach to interpretive planning, delivery, and evaluation. This study determined how interpretation was prioritized in Alberta provincial parks’ management plans. We analyzed 32 management plans based on length (average of 80 pages), age (average of 14 years), goals, topics, and strategies. Overall, 84% of the plans addressed interpretation, devoting an average of 3% of their length to interpretation. The most targeted interpretive goals were “learning,” “increasing positive attitudes,” “behavior change,” and “enjoyment.” The most frequent interpretive topics were “heritage,” “culture,” “conservation,” and “flora or fauna.” The most common interpretive strategies were “signs,” “general personal interpretation,” and “guided hikes.” Even though interpretation received a low emphasis, newer plans provided more emphasis, expanding on conceptualizing and evaluating interpretation compared with older plans. By summarizing the priorities of management plans for interpretation, this study may help park staff set interpretive goals, evaluate progress, and promote consistency between the goals of park staff and outcomes for visitors. In turn, this information may help park planners and practitioners to better align interpretive goals, strategies, and outcomes.