Parking Management Policies Research Articles

Use of Natural Areas among Latinxs Living in South Carolina

The Latinx population in the United States (US) is growing. While Latinxs have historically been present in US cities and southwestern states, there is a notable surge in migration to new destination states, including South Carolina (SC). As the Latinx population grows and extends to new geographies, there is a need to examine the evolution of Latinxs’ outdoor recreation patterns. Exploring their changing preferences regarding public spaces can inform park management planning and policy. This study examines outdoor recreation use among SC-based Latinxs, exploring three central questions: 1. What are the outdoor recreation preferences among Latinxs living in SC? 2. What constraints do Latinxs face while engaging in outdoor recreation? 3. What are Latinxs’ primary motivations in visiting natural areas? This study employs a convergent parallel mixed method design. The quantitative phase consists of a cross-sectional sampling approach via online surveys, while the qualitative phase utilizes focus groups. Analyses of survey results include descrip-tive statistics and ANOVA and Chi-square tests for select variables. Qualitative analyses are based on a priori open coding with thematic development. Quantitative and qualitative data were first examined separately and later compared. Results suggest that walking/hiking is the primary outdoor recreation activity in which Latinxs engage. Focus-group participants also mentioned a variety of land- and water-based outdoor recreation activities. The most prevalent motivations for recreation experiences included relaxation, escape, and improved health. The top five factors preventing survey respondents from visiting natural areas were tiredness after work, insufficient time off work, insufficient time and money to visit natural areas, and proximity to natural areas. Focus group participants also reported various constraints hindering their visits to natural areas, including time, cost, safety, inadequate on-site amenities, weather, and Latinx-specific constraints. The findings indicate that natural resource agencies wanting to improve Latinx outdoor recreation experiences should have bilingual front-line staff and provide communicative media, such as website information or on-site signage, in Spanish. Our findings also underscore the importance of Latinx-focused social media groups as useful tools for disseminating information.

Does Parking Type Preference Behavior Differ According to Whether It Is Paid or Free? A Case Study in Istanbul, Türkiye

Parking behavior depends on drivers’ choice of parking type and willingness to pay for parking. Generally, the parking type refers to off-street and on-street parking facilities. The main factors affecting the preference for parking types are driver, vehicle, travel, and parking characteristics. Understanding drivers’ parking type preference behavior and accurately modeling drivers’ tendencies helps develop sustainable parking management policies. This study examines the parking preferences of drivers in Istanbul with binary logit models according to whether they pay for parking. The results of the models show that the number of factors influencing parking type preference is higher for free parking than for paid parking, including driver, vehicle, travel, and parking characteristics. Moreover, some factors in the models affect drivers’ parking type preferences differently for paid and free parking. Namely, low-income individuals tend to use on-street parking when parking is free and off-street parking when it is paid. Conversely, individuals who drive small-size vehicles prefer off-street parking for free parking and on-street parking for paid parking. Individuals who prefer off-street parking for free parking expect shorter walking distances to the final destination and parking duration. On the contrary, individuals who choose on-street parking for paid parking anticipate shorter walking distances to the final destination and parking duration.

Policy Implementation of Parking Implementation In Pekanbaru City, Riau Province

The aim of this research is to analyze the implementation of parking management policies in Pekanbaru City, the obstacles faced in implementing parking management policies in Pekanbaru City and the ideal and effective policy implementation model for parking management in Pekanbaru City. This research uses the policy implementation theory proposed by Smith which consists of idealized policy, target groups, implementing organization and environmental factors. The research method used is a qualitative approach with descriptive research type. The data analysis technique used is data reduction and drawing conclusions. The results of the research show that the implementation of local government policies in organizing parking in Pekanbaru City has gone well, this can be seen from: idealized policy, proper parking management in Pekanbaru City is able to support the existing transportation system, target groups, very closely related to taking decisions that involve many people, especially the community. implementing organizing, this difference in capacity and competency is one of the aspects that makes the implementation of this policy not optimal. Environmental factors, the obstacle for the Pekanbaru City Parking UPT is the lack of qualified human resources. Barriers to implementing parking policies in Pekanbaru City: commitment to service quality, quality of human resources for government officials and parking attendants, well-developed public communication.

Using IUCN Best Practice Principles to Evaluate National Park Management: A Zambia Case Study

Over the last three decades, a series of best practice principles have been advanced by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) to guide national park management policy and practice. This study investigates how these best practice principles have informed the management of Zambia’s national parks. We performed qualitative and quantitative thematic content analysis on 23 park management documents and found that, for the most part, the reported performance of Zambia’s national parks is not well aligned with IUCN best practice principles. We argue that improved alignment with IUCN principles can provide a realistic and positive foundation to increase opportunities for national parks to meet their local and international conservation goals. Improved data collection, along with meaningful public access to information will enhance decision making and public participation in national park management. Strengthened public participation will ensure consideration of multiple perspectives and adoption of processes that enable national park authorities to address conservation challenges that span socio-ecological boundaries. Improved capacity building will provide the necessary technical skills and knowledge to ensure effective coordination and implementation. The results show that park management plans are duly submitted with little expectation of implementing them. More often than not, performance reality does not match policy rhetoric. The study highlights the urgent need for national park management to articulate clear goals and action steps with mechanisms to implement them.

Implementation Of E-Parking Management Policy In Braga Area Of Bandung City

The purpose of this study is to analyse the implementation of the Regional Regulation Policy on Parking Management in the Braga area of Bandung city. This research is based on the fact that there are often parking arrangements that interfere with traffic flow so the functions and responsibilities of the government to overcome parking problems are questioned. The type of research in this study is descriptive qualitative, while the data is collected from interviews, observation, and documentation. The data was then analysed using the Nvivo 12 Plus application. The results showed that the implementation of public parking management policies in the braga area of Bandung City has not been fully implemented because there are still violations committed by parking officers in the field. In serving the public in and out of vehicles in the parking lot has not been implemented properly, and many people do not fully understand the parking machine because the parking limit that should be used is sometimes there and sometimes not. Arranging parked vehicles so as not to interfere with traffic flow, is still not implemented because officers in the field are still parking officers who arrange vehicles on the edge of public roads exceeding one shap / one shap, the parked community is well implemented. The use of evidence (carcis) that has been corporatized by the Department of Transportation, Financial Management and Assets parking officers in using evidence (carcis) has not been implemented optimally because there are still parking officers who are dishonest and lack of socialising the e-parking policy to the community which results in a decrease in parking fees and illegal parking which makes illegal parking more and more.

IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN PENGELOLAAN PARKIR DI TEPI JALAN UMUM KOTA SEMARANG TAHUN 2022

This paper aims to determine the implementation of parking management policies on public roads in Semarang in 2022. By using qualitative research methods, the results of this study show that the implementation of parking management policies on public roads in Semarang in 2022 is still not optimal, especially in terms of limitations. information regarding the existence of a mayoral regulation that regulates parking on the side of public roads and the disposition/attitude of policy implementers, in this case parking attendants, who are very lacking in terms of obedience and adherence to following applicable regulations.

High Heterogeneity LULC Classification in Ujung Kulon National Park, Indonesia: A Study Testing 11 Indices, Random Forest, Sentinel-2 MSI, and GEE-based Cloud Computing

The Ujung Kulon National Park (UKNT) is one of the national parks on the island of Java and has an essential role in saving endemic species in Indonesia. As a form of national park conservation effort, the completeness of LULC spatial data is a primary database that is indispensable in determining national park management policies. Therefore, this research was conducted to map the LULC (Land Use - Land Cover) in the forest landscape with high heterogeneity in UKNT. Sentinel-2 MSI (Multispectral Instrument) image data were classified using the Random Forest (RF) classification algorithm and tested using 11 index algorithms. The classification process takes place on a cloud computing-based geospatial platform, Google Earth Engine (GEE). This test resulted in 10 LULC classes; water had the broadest percentage of 45.44%. Meanwhile, the primary forest has an area of 21,868.41 or about 19.53% of the total area of the national park. However, there are some discrepancies in the spatial information generated by this classification process, so it is considered necessary to evaluate the combination of indexes, training data, and classification algorithms to limit the classification area. Therefore, this study is expected to be considered for further research related to LULC in high-heterogeneity landscapes.

A reservation-based parking behavioral model for parking demand management in urban areas

The rapid increase in car ownership has become a land-use problem in many cities which have limited land for parking. It also has adverse impacts on congestion, air quality, energy consumption, as well as losses in productivity, among other consequences. The problem worsens in some cities due to the adoption of inefficient mandatory minimum parking policies for new projects, according to a building's use and size, which incentivizes driving. Therefore, it is necessary to assess appropriate parking management policies that maximize social welfare. In this regard, this paper presents a reservation-based parking behavioral hybrid choice model for parking demand management policies in urban areas, that appropriately represents the behavior of private vehicle users when choosing their parking site. The proposed model is statistically significant and consistent with expected behavior and microeconomic theory. The results demonstrate that the possibility of reserving a parking space has a significant impact on car parking market share on- and off-street. The three latent variables included in the model (pro-parking attitude, perception of risk for parking on- and off-street) have a significant effect on the modal split and the evaluation of appropriate parking policies that consider heterogeneity. The latent variable that most impacts the modal shift is the pro-parking attitude, which can generate up to 7% change in the modal partition.

The Origin and Vision of National Cultural Park Management Policy in China

Research on the evolution of cultural policy is the key in the field of public policy study, and it is also an important means to solve the problems that have emerged in cultural heritage management. The National Cultural Park is an innovative cultural heritage protection system proposed by Chinese leaders within the context of national rejuvenation and building a culturally-strong country campaign. From the perspective of system evolution theory, this paper systematically sorts out the ideas behind international heritage management and the evolutionary process of the Cultural Relics Protection Unit system, in an effort to explore the origin, innovation and vision of the National Cultural Park System. A review of the international heritage documents revealed that the principle of heritage protection has developed from “authenticity” to “integrity”, and the focus of the protection object has also changed from “monism” to “diversity”, which provided a theoretical background for the burgeoning National Cultural Park. The Cultural Relics Protection Unit system has been promoted as the most crucial cultural heritage management system in China. Therefore, this study sheds light on the evolution and limitations of the system that lays a practical foundation for the National Cultural Park System. There have been three stages in the history of China's National Cultural Relics Protection Unit, namely, the creation of the system (1956–1965), the survival crisis of the system (1966–1977), and the rebirth and development of the system (1978 to the present), in which the main driving concepts of China′s cultural heritage management have been sequentially elucidated as simple protectionism, tolerant conservatism and comprehensive developmentalism, respectively. Since the establishment of China's Cultural Relics Protection Unit system, tremendous progress has been made not only in the enlightenment of the public's mindset and but also in the development of system and culture. However, the changes in the institutional environment gradually exposed its limitations regarding cultural relic management and value expression. The National Cultural Park System is the fruit created by the internal contradictions of the cultural heritage system itself and the evolution of heritage theory. Its biggest innovation lies in the two core connotations of “integrated protection” and “integrated development”. In the future, as the National Cultural Park management system matures, a Chinese cultural heritage management system will take shape in which the National Cultural Parks become dominant and various cultural resources are utilized. Finally, the National Cultural Park will become a symbol of Chinese culture and will be internalized into the common belief system of the Chinese nation.

Interrogating park access and equity in Johannesburg, South Africa

Equitable access to green spaces is essential in cities, especially those with complex socio-economic challenges. This study considers how socio-economic characteristics influence traditional park access measures, using a geographically weighted regression (GWR) to analyse park access equity in Johannesburg. The use of a spatially sensitive statistical approach enables a more nuanced analysis of equity than previous studies have permitted in Johannesburg, thus empowering better park access planning. The method considers the number of parks and distance to the nearest park as important access measures. The study shows a complex relationship between different interpretations of park access relative to various socio-economic considerations, such as population density, unemployment rates and education levels, and that inequity in access to park space according to these measures varies across the city. The findings offer an opportunity for an improved understanding of local environmental justice and could potentially inform more equitable park planning and management policies in cities.

Microsimulation parking choice and search model to assess dynamic pricing scenarios

This article analyses the impact that different parking management policies may have on public roads. Policies were simulated using a new parking model based on two sub models: choice of parking place and search for parking place. The model considers curb traffic and was implemented into a traditional microsimulation traffic software. The parameters for the sub models were estimated from data collected in the city centre of Santander (Spain) and from a stated preferences survey asked to users of parking spaces. The model for testing policies was run on Aimsun simulation software creating a personalised API programmed using Python 3.7. The proposed model was able to dynamically simulate various policies based on charging for on-street parking spaces with fare updates at short time intervals of between 5 and 15 min. A sensitivity analysis was performed on different fare scenarios and considering different levels of information available to the users. As a result, this work demonstrates some benefits of dynamic fares such as reducing searching time, curb induced traffic and emissions as well as a new modal redistribution of parking choice between off-street and on-street supply. On the contrary, dynamic fares implied that users needed to spend a bit more time from their parking location to their destinations.

Understanding per-trip commuting CO2 emissions: A case study of the Technical University of Madrid

Cities are at the core of global climate change mitigation and strategic low-carbon development. Within cities, universities are ideal places to raise awareness of environmentally friendly lifestyles. This paper focuses on understanding per-trip commuting CO2 emissions in the Technical University of Madrid. A simple mobility survey was conducted collecting 2149 responses. The study includes a methodology to estimate CO2 emission factors by transport mode in Madrid. The results show that public transport is the main mode used, with over 75% of trips. However, users of private modes produce more than 55% of the total CO2 emissions from commuting. After an analysis of UPM commuters’ travel behaviour and their climate change impacts, a set of reduction policies -such as campaigns to promote shared mobility, economic incentives in public transport, and integrated parking management policies among others are proposed to redefine policies after the pandemic crisis.

The Development of Government Policy in Tour Ship Route Tourism Management in Karimunjawa Island, Indonesia

Abstract Introduction Tourism has a major role in economic and social interests. Karimunjawa is one of Indonesia’s tourist destinations, making the Karimunjawa Island a national park area for tourist destinations. Indonesia must have policies to support tourism, transportation, and infrastructure. This research aimed to identify the role of the community, tourists, NGOs, and district governments in implementing the Karimunjawa National Park management policy. Material and methods The descriptive quantitative method (questionnaire and path analysis) was used in this research. Results The test results showed that there was a direct relationship between the role of the community and the Central Java provincial government with a Path Coefficients value of 0.515; the role of tourists in government policies was −0.230, the role of NGOs in Central Java Provincial Government policies with a Path Coefficients value was 0.292 and the role of district governments against the Provincial Government policy was −0.332. Conclusions The value of Path Coefficients showed that there was still a lack of policy implementation from the provincial government to the community and NGOs. Collaboration between the district and provincial governments in managing was an effective way of monitoring tourism sustainably.

On-street parking management and pricing policies: An evaluation from a system enhancement perspective

Car parking policies often aim to relieve or better distribute parking demand in central urban areas. Evaluating their effectiveness requires the investigation of traveller behaviour and responses to parking attributes such as availability, cost, walking distance, and time restriction. Parking policies, which are usually cost-intensive to implement, are crucial in solving parking problems and transportation system problems in general. To investigate parking policy properly, developing agent-based parking systems is beneficial. Motivated by a recent parking management system designed for Kingsford, Sydney, this paper introduces an agent-based simulation model to analyse the effects of different parking policies in a realistic dynamic framework. Furthermore, a novel behavioural pricing formulation is integrated into the simulation model, which dynamically seeks to maximise the total utility of all agents in the system with consideration of their travel behaviours. The model is implemented for the Kingsford town centre, to investigate the effects of different parking policies and demand scenarios on parking utilisation and system performance.

2014년과 2020년 양주시 도시공원 이용빈도별 집단 간 이용행태 및 인식차이 연구

This study was conducted to see the differences of park users by classifying them with their park use frequency in terms of park use, management policy and perception, using the same survey results conducted in 2014 and 2020. Research was conducted on urban parks in Yangju, South Korea, and 740 in 2014 and 431 in 2000 survey results were used. After classifying the high-use and low-use groups according to park use frequency, this study compared the demographic differences and park use method differences according to the group, the recognition differences for the future park management direction between the two groups were analyzed and compared using statistical analysis by year. The results showed that the park’s quantitative expansion and accessibility improvements were the most important issues in 2014, while the importance of park management, such as checking and improving aging facilities, providing various programs, and creating a themed neighborhood park that could reveal the identity of the area, was increased in 2020. Despite recognizing the importance of persistent management in the case of high-use groups, the results showed that they were less willing to participate in park management programs compared to less-use groups, which showed the need for a discussion of how to involve high-use groups for long term park management. This study contribute the body of literature that it seeks to understand differences of park user in terms of their park use frequency. However, in future studies, analyzing the differences of park users through a short-term study is required.

Evaluating the Impacts of Parking App Services on Travellers' Choice Behaviour and Traffic Dynamics

As the products of intelligent transportation systems, parking apps have become convenient platforms for implementing parking policies, which can be provided as parking app services. This paper proposes a traffic simulation model for evaluating the impacts of parking app services on the travellers’ choice behaviour and traffic dynamics. Travellers are assumed to use three types of parking app services: the provision of information on real-time parking lot occupancies, parking reservation, and the display of dynamic parking fees. The behaviour of travellers, such as travellers’ mode choices, departure time choices, and learning behaviour, are considered in this model. Numerical experiments show that providing information on real-time parking lot occupancies can be helpful in reducing the use ratio of commercial parking lots, but the effect will ultimately be smoothed during the evolution of traffic dynamics. Moreover, parking reservation is an effective way to reduce travel costs and encourage travellers to choose park-and-ride. Furthermore, dynamic parking fees usually lead to the oscillation of traffic dynamics and travellers’ choices, in addition to an increase in travel costs. This model is a useful tool for analysing the impacts of other parking management policies that can be implemented as parking app services and can be a reference for evaluating the impacts of other parking polices.

Understanding parking decisions with structural equation modeling

Analysis of parking behavior and the mechanism of parking decisions is essential for balancing the spatial–temporal distribution of parking and formulating parking management policies. Using parking information from Beijing China, in 2014, a structural equation model was established to analyze the impacts of travelers’ personal/family attributes, the trip purpose and parking rates on parking decisions. The one-way and two-way relationships between three parking decisions, namely, the parking period, parking location, and parking duration were examined. The results indicate that there is a two-way relationship between on-street parking and parking duration. The reason for this relationship is that the layout of free and legal on-street parking spaces does not combine the surrounding land use properties and trip purpose, resulting in an uneven spatial and temporal distribution of parking options. The results also show that the increase of parking fees will promote shortening the parking duration; travelers with the purpose of work will have longer parking duration; and the greater the number of passengers, the higher the probability of on-street parking will be. These findings can be used to help developing measures to regulate parking behavior by controlling relevant factors. By applying a structural equation model, this study also makes a methodological contribution to testing the correlation among related parking decisions and graphically visualizing the parking decision-making process.

Review management policy marine conservation area of Wakatobi National Park

Marine conservation areas have an important role in the protection of species and biodiversity. This paper aims to review policy issues in the management of marine conservation areas in Wakatobi National Park (WNP). The research is located in WNP Southeast Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. The method used in this research is qualitative method, Technique of data collecting done through, interview and observation beside study of policy document. Policies are reviewed based on text analysis. Marine conservation areas have an important role in the protection of species and biodiversity. The results of the Wakatobi national park management policy review, there are two authorities that have a role in the management of the area. Coordination and cooperation are required in the management so that the sustainability of conservation areas can run well.

Parking Management Policies Based on Behavior Analysis at Fatih District in Istanbul, Turkey

Abstract Parking has become a critical problem for urban authorities, in particular, historic cities throughout the world because there is a limited space in which to park cars. An understanding of parking behavior is important for city planners to design parking facilities and draw parking policy. This paper aims to present the parking behavior based on interview survey data in Fatih District, which is one of such the historic area of Istanbul, Turkey. Interview survey was conducted to understand the characteristics of parking behavior and preferences for the parking management policies in the five sub-areas that have the difference in the characteristics. Within this paper, statistical analysis was applied to analyze the characteristics of parking behavior of each sub-area. Also, a discrete choice model was developed to obtain significant factors affected on choosing the parking policies. It found that the parking behaviors are quite different by sub-areas. Also, different parking management policies were selected by sub-areas. This will be informative to develop parking strategy for Fatih District.

A Dynamic Information-Based Parking Guidance for Megacities considering Both Public and Private Parking

The constantly increasing number of cars in the megacities is causing severe parking problems. To resolve this problem, many cities adopt parking guidance system as a part of intelligent transportation system (ITS). However, the current parking guidance system stays in its infant stage since the obtainable information is limited. To enhance parking management in the megacity and to provide better parking guidance to drivers, this study introduces an intelligent parking guidance system and proposes a new methodology to operate it. The introduced system considers both public parking and private parking so that it is designed to maximize the use of spatial resources of the city. The proposed methodology is based on the dynamic information related parking in the city and suggests the best parking space to each driver. To do this, two kinds of utility functions which assess parking spaces are developed. Using the proposed methodology, different types of parking management policies are tested through the simulation. According to the experimental test, it is shown that the centrally managed parking guidance can give better results than individually preferred parking guidance. The simulation test proves that both a driver’s benefits and parking management of a city from various points of view can be improved by using the proposed methodology.