Parity Values Research Articles

Alpha-decay half-lives and alpha-capture cross-sections

The same alpha-nucleus interaction describes the alpha-decay and alpha-capture reactions in the Unified Model for Alpha-Decay and Alpha-Capture (UMADAC). The data for the ground-state-to-ground-state alpha-transition half-lives in 420 nuclei, the half-lives for alpha-transition from the ground state to the first excited 2+ state in 74 even–even nuclei, and the alpha-capture cross sections of 20 spherical and deformed nuclei are used for defining the parameters of the UMADAC. The pointed data are well described in the framework of the UMADAC utilizing the obtained parameters. The ground-state-to-ground-state alpha-transition half-lives in 3802 nuclei with the proton Z and nucleon A numbers in the ranges 50 ≤Z≤ 126 and 97 ≤A≤ 340 are calculated in the UMADAC and presented in the Table 1. The quadrupole and hexadecapole deformations of the daughter nucleus are considered in the UMADAC. The minimal values of the orbital momenta of the alpha-transition between the ground states are found using available experimental and theoretical data for the ground state spin and parity values of nuclei. The half-lives for 223 alpha-transitions from the ground-state of the parent even–even nuclei to the lowest 2+ state of the daughter nuclei with the proton Z and nucleon A numbers in the ranges 52 ≤Z≤ 102 and 108 ≤A≤ 254 are obtained in the UMADAC and given in the Table 2.

The cloak of equality in STEM education: institutionalised masking of gender differences in STEM expectations, task values, and participation

ABSTRACT Do gender parity and egalitarian values in STEM education mask institutionalised gender inequalities in STEM? This study uses student background questionnaire data from the 2015 Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) supplemented by national level data on gender parity in educational enrolment and female participation in the STEM workforce from the United Nations and International Labor Organization to empirically examine the evidence. Using two-level hierarchical linear models, we analyse the effects of students’ STEM expectancies and task values on their anticipated STEM education and career participation. Results confirm that gender equity and egalitarian values dominate the cross-national expectancies and task values for STEM education, both across genders as well as for female and male students separately, even though there is wide variation and significant gendered inequality that persists in both educational access and STEM workforce participation. Thus, the ‘cloak of equality’ hypothesis is supported by the evidence presented.

Is the First-Trimester Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index Associated With Preeclampsia?

Preeclampsia (PE) is a serious and common pregnancy issue. There is a systemic inflammation in PE and it is accompanied by increased oxidative stress, but the clear etiology has not been revealed. We aimed to predict PE with the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) value calculated in the first trimester. This is a retrospective study. One hundred fifty-seven pregnant women were included in the study. Twenty-seven pregnant women were excluded from the study. Age, gravida, parity, and hemogram values were recorded in the patients' first visit file records. The time and mode of delivery, birth weight, and APGAR scores were obtained from the file records of the patients.SII was created using the formula (neutrophil x platelet/lymphocyte). Result:The study group included 30 pregnant women who had been diagnosed with PE. The control group consisted of the remaining 100 pregnant women. There was a statistically significant difference between PE and control groups in terms of SII (p=0.03). The SII level cut-off value for predicting PE was determined to be 836.83. This value's area was found to be 0.635 (0.519-0.752). Furthermore, the selectivity is 0.60 and the sensitivity is 0.40 for these values. Conclusion: SII was found to be significantly higher in people with PE in the study. We showed that the SII value measured in the first trimester can be used to predict PE.It might make sense to combine this marker with the patient's history and other risk factors due to its low selectivity and sensitivity.

Research on the Implementation of Purchasing Power Parity Strategy in Chinese Market

Purchasing Power Parity, a calculation or a strategy that could be used in measuring and comparing the different exchange rates between two countries, and in order to go more in-depth on deciding whether to trade to make profits in each time period. Our research is based on the last twenty years changes in exchange rates, inflation rates, and interest rates, to compare G10 countries different purchasing power to the Chinese market to obtain the forecasting on this strategy whether it makes a positive return or not with further future details and recommendations within this strategy. First, we collect all the data needed for this research by going through different authoritative websites to download the data records that are sufficiently provided. Then, we apply the specific formulas that were used to measure the exact purchasing power parity values among countries to have an overview of cumulative Profits and Loss graphs; to interpret the ups and downs over twenty years in different samples from the past. The actual research is developed into two samples, in the sample and out of the sample, to ensure the correct direction we are focusing on. Overall, we conclude a few main points to be careful within PPP, a brief comparison between advantages and disadvantages, and other considerations throughout the whole trading process.

The effective algorithm of ensuring the integrity of the transmitted information

The problem of ensuring the integrity of the transmitted information in modern information and communication systems is considered in this paper. An optimized algorithm for detecting and correcting errors in the information transmitted over communication lines is proposed. It was developed on the basis of the results of previous studies of the error correction method based on the parity values of the coordinates of a binary matrix. An easy-to-implement, high-speed and efficient error detection algorithm is proposed which is focused on the use of small binary matrices, for example, (4 × 8) or (7 × 8) bits. In such matrices, the possible number of errors that appear in them during the transfer of information is relatively small and easily detected.

The short-term impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on livestock products and feed prices in Turkey

This study aimed to investigate changes in the prices of animal products (meat, milk, eggs), and feed before and during the pandemic period on a sectoral basis in Turkey. The material for the study consisted of the prices of animal products (beef, lamb and, poultry meat, eggs, and milk) and feed collected from official institutions and producer associations in the period before (December 2019-February 2020) and during (March-May 2020) the pandemic. Considering the prices of investigated animal products, there were increases at different rates in all products during the pandemic (1.82-11.57%). While the differences between producer prices of beef and broiler meat before and during the pandemic were found to be statistically significant (P<0.05), the changes in lamb meat and egg prices were not statistically significant. On the other hand, feed prices were found to be increased by 9.71-12.57%. It was determined that the feed, which is the most critical input of producers, showed a significant increase (P<0.05) during the pandemic, especially in the poultry sector. During the pandemic, the highest reduction in livestock product/feed parity was experienced in the egg sector, with -10.28%. In conclusion, examined animal product prices increased during the pandemic period, but input prices increased more than products. In addition, it was determined that the producers had to produce with lower profitability according to the product-feed parity values, especially in the egg poultry sector during the pandemic period.

How Much Do They Make? A Systematic Review of Income Generated From Begging

Panhandling income has not been well reviewed, though doing so would be beneficial for several reasons. Understanding beggar income may aid in addressing misconceptions about the activity, clarify the financial motivation for organized or forced begging, and allow for clearer comparisons to other kinds of shadow work like prostitution, binning, or selling drugs. This study presents a systematic review of panhandling income by using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis and PROSPERO guidelines to aid in identifying, screening, assessing, and including research that provides quantitative income information about panhandling. Income is adjusted for inflation, and international studies are converted to USD via standard exchange rate and via purchasing power parity values. Ultimately, 38 studies are included for final analysis. The 38 studies are divided into United States specific ( n = 15) and all other countries ( n = 23). In adjusted 2020 USD, the economic yield from panhandling is most often $2–$16 per hour, $20–$60 per day, and $200–$500 per month, substantial variation exists. Economic comparisons to other forms of shadow work and future research directions are provided.

A prospective cohort study of shock index as a reliable marker to predict the patient's need for blood transfusion due to postpartum hemorrhage.

Objective:This study was aimed to compare the shock index (SI) values between patients who required blood transfusion due to postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) and patients who received no blood transfusion.Methods:We conducted this cross-sectional study at a tertiary center between January 2019 and June 2019. A total of 2534 patients who underwent vaginal delivery were included in this study. We measured SI values upon admission, 30 minutes, 1-hour, and 2-hours after delivery. We identified women who required blood transfusion as the study group. Control patients who delivered in the same period and received no blood transfusion were identified in the medical record system and randomly selected. Age, parity, BMI, and SI values at each one prepartum and three postpartum periods of the groups were analyzed.Results:A total of 2534 patients were included in the study. A varying amount of blood transfusion was performed in 54 patients (2.13%). When we compared with patients who did not receive blood transfusion after delivery, patients who received any amount of blood transfusion after vaginal delivery had significantly higher SI values 30 minutes after delivery (0.99±0.20, and 085±0.11, p=0.0001), at 1-hour (1.00±0.18, and 0.85±0.11, p=0.0001), and 2-hours (1.09±0.16, and 0.87±0.11, p=0.0001).Conclusion:SI value could be a reliable and consistent marker to predict the requirement for any amount of blood transfusion due to PPH.

Shower of γ rays in the decay of the 49/2+ isomeric state in Gd147

Decay of the $49/{2}^{+}$, $0.51\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{s}$ isomeric state in $^{147}\mathrm{Gd}$ was reinvestigated in the $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-coincidence catcher experiment using the $^{76}\mathrm{Ge}(^{76}\mathrm{Ge},5n$) reaction and the GASP $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ detector array. A previously suggested extraordinary complexity of the decay was confirmed and established down to intensity level better than ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$/decay, involving 400 transitions and 89 levels populated between the isomer and the $^{147}\mathrm{Gd}$ ground state. The earlier measured electron conversion coefficients (ECC) and $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ angular distributions, together with the total ECC extracted presently for low-energy transitions from the intensity balance, allowed to assign spin and parity values to all of the observed levels. Discussion of the level structure is restricted to few important cases clarified by the present investigation in the low-energy part of the decay scheme. Those involved the identification of the new $M2$ and $E2$ branches populating two new levels in the decay of the ${27/2}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ isomer and firm location of positive parity levels arising in the coupling of this isomer with the ${3}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ core excitation. In the upper part it was concluded that the observed complexity of the decay is initiated by fast low-energy $M1$ transitions populating a group of similar structure levels located within 7.8--8.0 MeV excitation energy range. Some statistical features of the observed complex isomeric decay are reviewed and discussed.

SUN-631 New Therapeutic Targets for Gestational Diabetes Control Impact Insulinization, Birth Weight and Neonatal Morbidities

Uncontrolled Gestational Diabetes (GD) is associated with fetal macrosomia and neonatal morbidities. New therapeutic targets for glycemic control in GD were implemented in Portugal, in January 2017 (old targets: fasting blood glucose <92 mg/dL, 1 hour after a meal <120 mg/dL; new targets: fasting blood glucose <95 mg/dL, 1 hour after a meal <140 mg/dL). (1)Our goal was to analyze the impact that these new therapeutic targets had in the insulinization degree of the pregnant woman and in the birth weight and morbidities of the newborn.We did a retrospective study with 477 pregnant women with GD followed in a specialized appointment of our Hospital, between January 2016 and December 2017.The data collected were: age, body mass index (BMI), previous abortions, previous parity, previous pregnancies, diagnostic fasting blood glucose, diagnostic oral glucose tolerance test, insulin therapy, year of birth, birth weight, neonatal morbidities and necessity of admission in the Neonatal Care Unit (NCU).We assisted 219 pregnant women in 2016 and in the following year 248, with no differences between both groups in what concerns age, BMI, parity, abortions, previous pregnancies and glycemic values at diagnosis.In 2016, 119 pregnant women were treated with insulin, while in 2017 we initiated insulin in 84 women (p<0.001). There was a strong correlation between the year and degree of insulinization (p<0.01; Lambda 0.13, p=0.03; Phi=-0.21; p<0.01).There was no difference between the median of the birth weight in 2016 and 2017 (3200 gr (P25: 2872.50; P75: 3500.00) and 3220 gr (P25: 2970.00; P75: 3525.00), respectively (p=0.34)).According to Fenton curves, 81.5% from the 2016 newborns were classified as appropriate for gestational age, 14.4% as small for gestational age and 4.2% as large for gestational age (p<0.001). In 2017, 87.0% were appropriate, 9.0% small and 4.1% large (p<0.001). This differences strongly correlate with the degree of insulinization (p=0.046; V de Cramer=0.13, p=0.03; Lambda=0.03, p=0.04).In 2016, 26.0% of the newborns had neonatal morbidities (52.7% had hypoglycemia, 28.0% had hyperbilirrubinemia, 7.0% had respiratory distress syndrome), 24.6% of them with admission in the NCU. In 2017, 19.8% of the newborns had neonatal morbidities (46.9% with hypoglycemia, 26.5% with hyperbilirrubinemia, 4.1% with respiratory distress syndrome), 34.7% of them with admission in the NCU. All of these differences were statically significant (p<0.001).In conclusion, these new targets for glycemic control in GD led to less insulinization of the pregnant women, no differences between weight at birth of the newborns, a different distribution of the weight of birth according to Fenton curves (more newborns classified as appropriate for gestational age and less classified as small or large) and a reduction of neonatal morbidities.Ref: (1) Almeida et al. Revista Portuguesa de Diabetes. 2017; 12 (1): 24-38

Gebelerde İlk Trimester Plazma D Vitamini Düzeyleri ile Gestasyonel Diyabet Arasında İlişki Var mı?

Aim: Carried out in pregnant women who had oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in two centers in the Western Black Sea Region, this study aims to investigate the relationship of the first trimester plasma vitamin D levels between the groups with and without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Material and Methods: Between the dates of 17.09.2014-15.01.2018 at Bartin State Hospital and Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 136 pregnant women aged between 18-40 with a single pregnancy who took OGTT and whose vitamin D levels in maternal plasma were examined in their first trimester were included in the study, and the collected data were reviewed retrospectively. Pregnant women who had additional systemic diseases such as pre-pregnancy diabetes, or those with multiple pregnancies, or the ones who did not want to have a glucose screening test, who had not their vitamin D level tested in the first trimester, who were taking vitamin D supplements at the time of admission were not included in the study. The GDM Group of 52 pregnant women who were diagnosed with GDM were matched with the other 84 pregnant women who formed the control group according to the age, gravida, parity, hemoglobin value and body mass index (BMI) at the time of the OGTT test. Results: Both groups were similar in terms of age, gravida, parity, hemoglobin and BMI values (p> 0.05). Considering vitamin D levels, it was found that the level of maternal vitamin D in the first trimester was significantly lower in the group that developed GDM when compared to the group that did not develop GDM (p=0.031). Conclusion: Vitamin D has also been shown to play a role in the pathogenesis of diabetes. In addition, as seen in the few previous studies in the literature, vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women with GDM is found in our regional study, as well. This study, which includes the Western Black Sea Region, will guide more comprehensive prospective studies.

Evaluation of nuclear structure data and its spin-offs

Evaluation of nuclear structure data is a world wide effort to standardize the published nuclear data. This standardization led to generation of table of isotopes, Nuclear Data sheets, Nuclear Wallet Cards etc. This paper deals with two aspects of evaluation of nuclear structure data. First, the problems arising out of some of the recent publications and how to tackle them at pre-publication stage. Second, there is large amount of experimental data available on the NNDC site 1 . Of these data the half-life values, spin and parity is the most important set of values to understand the nucleon-nucleon interaction within a given nucleus. However, it is observed in our work that the quantum of half-life, spin and parity values measured, in comparison to the number of excited states, in any given nuclei, is very low. Thus, indicating that very few experimental results are available in terms of half-life measurements, spin measurements and determination of parity. This survey besides being an indicator of the quantum of measurements carried out can also be a guide to future experimentalists by highlighting the areas of nuclear chart where measurements are fewer in number.

The effects of “economic crisis” and “financial crisis” searches conducted in google on dollar/TL parity and a causality analysis

The increase of dollar parity in the short term in Turkey has brought the need to conduct research about the reasons of this situation. Google, which is a very common application for search, is considered as a platform for those who wonder about it. Therefore, it is also a matter of curiosity that the searches will have an impact on the dollar/TL parity or the dollar/TL parity will have an impact on the searches. This work has been carried out to determine the relationship between the “economic crisis” searches made in Turkey, “economic crisis” and “financial crisis” searches made in the world, and the dollar/TL parity. The number of searches for “economic crisis” made in Turkey, and the number of searches for “economic crisis” and “financial crisis” made in the world, and dollar/TL parity values are used as variables in the application part. Google Trends application was used to find the search numbers. The daily search numbers and dollar/TL parity between the dates of January 1, 2018 and March 22, 2019 were used. Finally, it was aimed to examine the causality relationship between the variables and find out whether they trigger each other or not.

Efficiency of the error correction method by the parity values of binary matrix coordinates

The results of study of the characteristics of the proposed method [1] for correction of errors arising during information transmission via communication lines are presented. The estimates of the efficiency of search for errors and the performance of an algorithm developed to realize the proposed method using the parity values of binary matrix coordinates are obtained; among these errors are rows, columns, main and auxiliary diagonals, are obtained. We have determined the dependence of algorithm characteristics on the intensity (density) of bit errors in the message obtained after transmission via communication lines and on the size of matrices, into which a transmitted message is divided.The time spent for calculating the parity values of matrix coordinates and for the algorithm used to find transmitted information errors are given. Recommendations on an optimal choice of sizes of binary matrices are presented. It is shown that, when the bit error rate is 10–2 and less, the algorithm detects all the available errors.

Gestational diabetes risk in a multi-ethnic population

AimsTo compare gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk among two ethnic minority groups, with high type-2 diabetes (T2DM) prevalence, as compared to the Jewish population majority group.MethodsA historical cohort study was conducted using clinical data collected between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2011. The study sample included 20–45-year-old women; 2938 Ethiopian, 5849 Arab and 5156 non-Ethiopian Jewish women. GDM was defined according to the two-step strategy: step 1: glucose ≥ 140 mg/dl and step 2: using Coustan and Carpenter’s diagnostic criteria. GDM risk was tested in a multivariable model, adjusted for age, parity and pre-gestational values of the metabolic syndrome components.ResultsMean body mass index (BMI) values and morbid obesity rates were lowest among Ethiopian women and highest among Arab women. The prevalence of pre-gestational diabetes was significantly higher among Ethiopian (2.7%) and Arab (4.1%) women than among non-Ethiopian Jewish women (1.6%), and GDM screening rates were relatively high (85.5%, 87.2% and 83%, respectively). The proportion of pregnancies complicated with GDM was higher among Ethiopian women (4.3%) but not significantly different between Arab (2.9%) and non-Ethiopian Jewish (2.2%) women. In multivariable analysis, GDM was associated with Ethiopian ancestry (OR, 2.55; 95% CI, 1.60–4.08), adjusted for age, BMI, plasma triglyceride level and parity. Arab ethnicity was not significantly associated with GDM risk in multivariable analysis.ConclusionsBoth Ethiopian and Arab minority ethnicities have a higher risk of T2DM in comparison with other Israeli women, but only Ethiopian origin is an independent risk factor for GDM while Arab ethnicity is not.

A new somatic cell count index to more accurately predict milk yield losses

Abstract. Intramammary infection and clinical mastitis in dairy cows leads to considerable economic losses for farmers. The somatic cell concentration in cow's milk has been shown to be an excellent indicator for the prevalence of subclinical mastitis. In this study, a new somatic cell count index (SCCI) was proposed for the accurate prediction of milk yield losses caused by elevated somatic cell count (SCC). In all, 97 238 lactations (55 207 Holstein cows) from 2328 herds were recorded between 2010 and 2014 under different scenarios (high and low levels of SCC, four lactation stages, different milk yield intensities, and parities (1, 2, and ≥ 3). The standard shape of the curve for SCC was determined using completed standard lactations of healthy cows. The SCCI was defined as the sum of the differences between the measured interpolated values of the natural logarithm of SCC (ln(SCC)) and the values for the standard shape of the curve for SCC for a particular period, divided by the total area enclosed by the standard curve and upper limit of ln(SCC) = 10 for SCC. The phenotypic potential of milk yield (305-day milk yield – MY305) was calculated using regression coefficients estimated from the linear regression model for parity and breeding values of cows for milk yield. The extent of daily milk yield loss caused by increased SCC was found to be mainly related to the early stage of lactation. Depending on the possible scenarios, the estimated milk yield loss from MY305 for primiparous cows was at least 0.8 to 0.9 kg day−1 and for multiparous cows it ranged from 1.3 to 4.3 kg day−1. Thus, the SCCI was a suitable indicator for estimating daily milk yield losses associated with increased SCC and might provide farmers reliable information to take appropriate measures for ensuring good health of cows and reducing milk yield losses at the herd level.

Lead–acid batteries coupled with photovoltaics for increased electricity self-sufficiency in households

With distributed generation of electricity growing in importance (especially with photovoltaics) and buildings being one of the main consumers of energy in modern societies, distributed storage of energy in buildings is expected to become increasingly present. This paper analyses the use of residential lead–acid energy storage coupled with photovoltaics and its possible interaction with the grid for different limits of feed-in power without any support policies. In the literature, these subjects are often treated independently and for very specific, non-optimised cases, thus motivating further research. Results show that reaching self-sufficiency values up to 40% is possible, close to grid parity values, and only with photovoltaics. Beyond 40%, energy storage must be used, strongly raising the cost of the electricity consumed and therefore the need for support policies for widespread adoption. Also, peak power consumption from the grid remains constant and load variability rises, suggesting that an increase in self-sufficiency would be accompanied by lower utilisation factors of power plants and, consequently, higher wholesale electricity prices during no sunshine hours. Limiting feed-in power attenuates the increased load variability and only slightly affects the economic viability of such installations. These results present a novel optimisation tool for developers and should be considered in future studies of distributed photovoltaics and energy storage as well as in energy policy.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Osteoporosis in Women Referring to the Bone Densitometry Academic Center in Urmia, Iran.

Background:Osteoporosis is one of the fastest growing health problems around the world. Several factors can affect this silent disease. The current study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of osteoporosis in women in Urmia, a city in northwestern Iran.Methods:This cross-sectional study was performed on 360 non-pregnant women over the age of 15 who referred for bone density testing to the Urmia Imam Khomeini Academic Hospital. Data were collected by questionnaire, and bone mineral density of the femoral neck and lumbar spines L1- L4 was evaluated by dual X-ray absorptiometry.Results:The total prevalence of osteoporosis in this study was 42.2%; prevalence of osteoporosis among women 45 years old or less was 14.3% and over the age of 45 years was 50.7%. The factors such as level of education, history of bone fracture, disease history (rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, high blood pressure), gravidity and parity values, duration of lactation (p<0.001), nutrition dimension of lifestyle (p=0.03), and green tea consumption (p=002) showed a statistically significant association with the bone mineral density. According to the regression model, age (OR=1.081), history of bone fracture (OR=2.75), and gravidity (OR=1.14) were identified as significant risk factors for osteoporosis, while the body mass index (OR=0.94) was identified as a protector against osteoporosis.Conclusion:The prevalence of osteoporosis in this study was high, and findings showed that the advancement of age, lifestyle, and reproductive factors (especially gravidity and duration of lactation) were determining factors for osteoporosis. Appropriate educational programs and interventions could help to increase the women’s peak bone mass therefore reducing their risk of developing osteoporosis.

Structure ofLa130at low and medium spins

Low- and medium-spin states of the odd-odd nucleus $^{130}\mathrm{La}$ were studied by in-beam and pulsed-beam $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray spectroscopy using the $^{121}\mathrm{Sb}(^{12}\mathrm{C},3n)$ and $^{116}\mathrm{Sn}(^{16}\mathrm{O},pn)$ fusion-evaporation reactions. The decay out of the $\ensuremath{\pi}{h}_{11/2}\ensuremath{\bigotimes}\ensuremath{\nu}{h}_{11/2}$ and $\ensuremath{\pi}{h}_{11/2}\ensuremath{\bigotimes}\ensuremath{\nu}{g}_{7/2}$ rotational structures to the ground state has been elucidated. Spin and parity values have been assigned to most of the newly observed states, as well as to the bandheads of the rotational bands. Two isomeric states were identified and placed in the level scheme, with the characteristics ${J}^{\ensuremath{\pi}}={5}^{+},{E}_{x}=214.0$ keV, ${T}_{1/2}=0.76(9)$ $\ensuremath{\mu}$s and ${J}^{\ensuremath{\pi}}={6}^{+},{E}_{x}=319.1$ keV, ${T}_{1/2}=33(1)$ ns. The magnetic and quadrupole interactions of the ${6}^{+}$ isomeric state have been investigated by the time-differential perturbed $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray angular distribution method. The $g$ factor value, $g({6}^{+})=+0.48(3)$, and the quadrupole coupling constant in polycrystalline metallic Sn lattice, ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{Q}({6}^{+})=37(4)$ MHz, have been derived. The experimental data are compared with the predictions of two-quasiparticles plus rotor model calculations.

Comments on “VLSI implementation of Reed-Solomon encoder algorithm for communication systems”

This comment points out the four inaccurate equations and incorrect output parity values computed using RS(255, 223) encoder algorithm. The four correct equations and correct output parity values for the given input are provided here.