Parish Boundaries Research Articles

Parish Boundaries and Urban History: Two Case Studies

Parish Boundaries and Urban History: Two Case Studies

The Population of Rooks (Corvus frugilegus) in West Gloucestershire. II

I936 fall is therefore probably not significant, that of I938 may be. An attempt has been made to relate this fall to other factors. The numbers of nests have been compared with the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries' returns for 4 June of the previous year, proportionate adjustments being made to allow -for the fact that the area under survey does not exactly follow the parish boundaries. One anomaly was immediately apparent; between 4 June I932 and 4 June I933 the total area of agricultural land (crops and grass) fell by about I7%; it remained sensibly constant until I936, and then in I937 rose to about its I932 value, where it remained. This cannot mean that there was any real change of land use, but must indicate some changing method of filling up the Ministry's forms. No figures are therefore given for this factor. Acreage of cereals, of cereals; roots and potatoes; and of total arable land varied irregularly from year to year, though the three factors generally moved in the same direction. There is, in general, no connexion between the movements in the acreage of arable and the rook population, but the years I936 and I937 are I35 % and 8-8% respectively below the average in acreage of cereals. It is possible that this was a partial cause of the fall in population in I938. The cereal acreage in I938 was a little above average. Further reference to this point is made below. During the war of I939-45 there was much ploughing of grassland, and in I943 the acreage of cereals was about seven times, and that of total arable about five times, those of the years I933-8. The significant, but not large, increase in the number

Parish boundaries

Journal Article Parish boundaries Get access H. W. U. H. W. U. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 183, Issue 11, 21 November 1942, Page 319, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/183.11.319d Published: 21 November 1942

Parish boundaries on streams

Journal Article Parish boundaries on streams Get access H. W. U. H. W. U. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 180, Issue 7, 15 February 1941, Page 119, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/180.7.119c Published: 15 February 1941

The Place-Names of Wiltshire

The arrangement of the Wiltshire volume follows the pattern of its immediate predecessor. The editors comment on the prominence in this county of names of British origin, though these are basically of hills, woods, and rivers, rather than of habitations Field-names occupy more than ninety pages of this large volume. An end-pocket contains a county map (showing hundred and parish boundaries) and four distribution maps (locating leah and (ge)hoeg, tun and ingtun, ham(m) and hamtun. and cote, porp, wor). This county was unaffected by the boundary changes of 1973.

Ancient Fields in Manaton Parish, Dartmoor

In the district around the valley of the West Webburn stream which cuts north-south through eastern Dartmoor, Grimspound seems to attract most attention. I have found no reference to the old field boundaries and terraces which lie in this district, mostly within the western part of the parish of Manaton. This article deals with fields within, or adjacent to, the Manaton parish boundary, but there are also sets of terraces which I have observed, but not yet explored, mainly to the east of the Widecombe-Grimspound road, opposite Blackaton Manor. These terraces appear to be very similar to those described here, and as they are outside Manaton parish the connexion between the terminations of some sets of terraces and the parish boundary which, from the plan, appears to be significant, must not be emphasized.

Peasant Crofts in North Pembrokeshire

The Admiralty, having purchased in 1937 an extensive area of land in Llanychaer and adjacent parishes five miles SSE of Fishguard, Pembrokeshire, kindly permitted the National Museum of Wales to examine and make records of any sites or buildings of interest therein.I visited the local headquarters at Trecŵn in June 1937 for this purpose. The site consists of a narrow valley—at one point a gorge with rocky scarps—and its flanking uplands. The western half is occupied by Trecŵn House, its parkland and village, an estate developed in the English manner and providing little of antiquarian interest. The remainder was largely under different ownership, and, apart from Llanychaer church and farm, both of which are modernized, more primitive conditions survive in it. This portion of the area, which includes the picturesque rock-wall of Graig Lwyd, is shown in FIG. I. Each rectangle on the map represents a dwelling; and it will be seen that settlement is now confined to the floor and eastern side of the valley. It is of the diffuse type, which contrasts so strongly with the nucleated villages characteristic of England and met with in south Pembrokeshire and other anglicized parts of Wales. If the parish boundaries be examined (shown by a line of dots on the map) it will be seen that most of the houses are in Llanychaer parish, the ancient centre of which, the church, has only one farmstead near it. The shaded (red) portion of the map represents part of the common land (rough mountain pasture) of this and the adjacent parish. The dwellings within the area controlled by the Admiralty are overprinted in red.

The Heyrons of London: A Study in the Social Origins of Geoffrey Chaucer

GEOFFREY CHAUCER'S grandmother Mary had three husbands. The second, Robert Chaucer, a London vintner, gave to the poet his surname and his descent from a line of Ipswich taverners, sometimes called Malyn.2 The third, Richard Chaucer, also a vintner of London, brought up Geoffrey's father John Chaucer in the wholesale wine trade. The first, John Heyron the younger of London, by whom Mary had a son Thomas Heyron, a vintner,3 seems to have been a pepperer by trade. He and his son certainly exerted a powerful, albeit indirect, influence upon the environment of Geoffrey Chaucer in childhood, if not in later life also. The identity of Mary Chaucer's first husband with John Heyron the younger of London is proved by her dealings with land at Ashwell in Hertfordshire and Edmonton in Middlesex and by the descent to her son Thomas of two London tenements which had belonged to this John Heyron. At Ashwell, John Heyron had a leasehold house and garden which he surrendered to the Abbot of Westminster, as lord of the manor, after the lessor under whom he held had been hanged for felony. The Abbey accountants long associated the tenement with his name, and in 1306, his widow, Mary, joined her second husband Robert Chaucer in releasing it to the Abbot, describing it as held by her former husband, John Heyron of London.4 The land at Edmonton lay on the normal route by which the Abbot's corn was taken from Ashwell to London and Westminster, being first carted to Ware and thence down the River Lea past Enfield and Edmonton. In January, 1305, Robert Chaucer and Mary sued out a writ concerning ten acres of her land at Edmonton, claiming that her former husband, John Heyron, had let them to Ralph the Clerk of Edmonton against her will. The parties agreed in 1307 that Ralph should retain the land in exchange for 100 s.5 The tenements of which the descent proves the identity of Mary's husband, John Heyron of London, with John Heyron the younger, son to a Thomas Heyron, citizen and pepperer, lay on either side of that stretch of Watling Street which ran eastwards from the church of St Mary Aldermary to the corner where Soper Lane entered the street from the north. The northern tenement (A) was divided by the parish boundary between St. Mary and St. Antolin (or Antony,

Parish boundary posts

Parish boundary posts

A Moated Mound at Abingdon, Berks.

About 80 yds. to the north-east of an old house known as ‘Fitzharry's’ on the northern outskirts of the town of Abingdon is an early Norman moated mound in a good state of preservation. The mound is formed by the upcast of the encircling ditch and is covered with trees; it is roughly circular in shape, the axis from north to south measuring about 78 ft. and from west to east about 68 ft. At present the mound stands up about 10 ft. above the ordinary water-level. The moat is still (except in times of drought) filled with water supplied by an adjacent streamlet, an arm of which formerly appears to have entered the moat on the northern side. This entrance has since partly silted up but is plainly discernible. After flowing through the moat, the water rejoined the original stream at the south-east corner. The exit and the intake form at present only one channel. Originally there were separate channels. The mound and moat duly appear on the Ordnance Survey plans of 1875, and to the east is a tongue of land which may have served as a rudimentary bailey; in its present state it is roughly pear-shaped and much smaller than most of the known examples of the Norman bailey. On the further face of this tongue the streamlet surrounding it widens out considerably. Originally both the mound and the tongue were entirely enclosed by water, which, pursuing its course, descended through the town and fell into the Thames at Abingdon Bridge. On its way the streamlet served till recent times as a parish boundary.

Boundaries of Parish of St. Margaret, Westminster

Boundaries of Parish of St. Margaret, Westminster Get access G. W. Wright G. W. Wright 1145, Stockwell Park Road, S.W.9 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume CLXIII, Issue jul02, 2 July 1932, Pages 2–5, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/CLXIII.jul02.2 Published: 02 July 1932

Excavations on the Akeman Street, near Asthally, Oxon., Feb.–June, 1925

The following details of work done on the Akeman Street between Ramsden and Asthally, Oxon., may help to supplement the somewhat meagre account of this section of the road given by Codrington, who dismisses it as follows: ‘For two miles [southwest of Ramsden] a lane marks the course, and then for three miles across the Windrush Valley there are apparently few traces, but beyond Asthall a parish boundary takes up the line’…&c. In point of fact the road is very visible during the first of these three miles, and the ‘apparently few traces’ include one of the most remarkable features in the whole of its course, namely the causeway in Pool's Bottom, Asthally. The references throughout are to Ordnance Survey 25 in., Oxon., 1922, sheet xxv, 15 (cited as ‘O.S.’).

Observations on the Provenance of the Thames Valley Pick, Swalecliffe, Kent

From the Marine Parade, Tankerton, Whitstable, looking East, one obtains a capital view of Tankerton Bay, Swalecliffe, in which my discoveries have been made which are to form the subject matter of this paper. The grassy cliff at Priest and Sow corner at the end of the road stands at 55 O.D. This height gradually declining round the arc of the bay, to die out entirely in the Long Rock occupying the middle distance and through which the Swalecliffe Brook discharges into the sea. Just beyond, a little to the right, are the disused Swalecliffe Brick Works, with Stud Hill and Hampton lying further back. To the left and edging the horizon, Herne Bay Pier is clearly discernable. The accompanying copy of (Plate I.) the 25-in. Ordnance map of this Tankerton Bay section gives the exact position of the 650 yards from the Parish Boundary Stone eastwards indicated thereon with a X in which are found the gravels and brick-earths which have proved so rich in archaeological treasure trove. The whole of this south-easterly directioned well-drained gently sloping ground, from the Priest and Sow corner to the Swalecliffe brook, forms an ideal camping site. Last April a paper was read by me before the Geological Association, at University College, London, entitled “An Examination of the Contents of the Brick Earths and Gravels of Tankerton Bay, Swalecliffe, Kent,” in which the geological aspect of this section was fairly exhaustively treated, so that in this particular it will be unnecessary for me to do more than give a brief summary of the results of that examination as to the relative age and stratigraphical sequence of the Drift material found here overlying the London Clay.

A Flaking Site on Kelling Heath, Norfolk

The site occupies the top and upper slope of the gravel plateau O.D. 200 feet, ¾ mile West by South of Weybourne Station. (See Ordnance Datum Map, Norfolk, Sheet X., S.W., 6-ins. to 1 mile). It consists of unploughed heathland, mainly undisturbed, though during the war some trenches were dug, whilst, at some past date, heather “turves” have been cut for the making of a turf bank, possibly an old boundary bank. As a result stony patches occur among the heather, and it was the discovery in August, 1923, by my daughter, Olive, of a worked point (Fig. 11) on one of these patches that led to the investigation of the site.The parish boundary between Weybourne and Kelling lies at the foot of the eastern slope of the plateau at this spot. 1,100 yards East by South is a tumulus, adjoining which are the “Weybourne Pits,” whilst just over a mile west by north lie a series of tumuli on Salthouse Heath.

New Ordnance Survey Maps

THE new edition of the one-inch and quarter-inch Ordnance Survey maps is described, with specimen sheets, by Lt,-Col. W. J. Johnston in the Geographical Journal for March (vol. lv., No. 3). Three types of one-inch map are to be published: the popular, the district tourist, and the outline. The popular edition has contours in orange at 50-ft. vertical interval in place of the 100-ft. and 250-ft. interval on the former one-inch maps. A new classification of roads, which divides them into ten categories, makes the main roads, coloured red, stand out prominently. Rivers and streams are shown in solid blue. Parish boundaries, which caused much confusion with footpaths, are omitted, but county boundaries are retained. Woods are coloured green. The outline edition is the present one-inch map, which in future will be printed from stone, on stout paper. The tourist edition entails a combination of sheets to cover conveniently in one map certain areas frequented by holiday-makers. It is hoped to have at least eight of the tourist sheets ready before the summer.,The contours are at 100-ft. and 250-ft. intervals, and the representation of relief is made more striking by the use of hachures and transparent colour layers; rivers are in solid blue and woods in green. The black printing will be the same as in the popular edition The quarter-inch map is being issued with contoure and layer colours in place of hill shading, red colour for main roads only, solid blue for streams, and no green wood symbol. The sample sections of the popular one-inch and the quarter-inch maps accompanying Col. Johnston's paper are beautiful specimens *of 'cartography, and a great improvement on the old editions, good as they were. The tourist one-inch will be useful mainly by reason of the combination of sheets which it offers. We understand that arrangements have been made to popularise these maps bv having them on sale at all booksellers' and bookstalls.

Parish boundaries

Parish boundaries Get access W. C. B. W. C. B. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s9-V, Issue 119, 7 April 1900, Page 268, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s9-V.119.268f Published: 07 April 1900

New books

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On the Relation of the Parish Boundaries in the South-East of England to Great Physical Features, Particularly to the Chalk Escarpment.

On the Relation of the Parish Boundaries in the South-East of England to Great Physical Features, Particularly to the Chalk Escarpment.

Parish Boundary

Parish Boundary Get access Notes and Queries, Volume s3-IV, Issue 100, 28 November 1863, Page 433, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s3-IV.100.433f Published: 28 November 1863