Paris Polyphylla Var Research Articles

A novel mechanism controls anther opening and closing in Paris polyphylla var. Yunnanensis

The phenomena of anther opening and closing in Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis (Franch) Hand.-Mazz were described in detail, and the effects of ecological factors on those phenomena related to anther opening, closing and the fly-pollination mechanism were discussed. Anthers of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis open in the morning and close in the evening every day during an over 20 days’ period of anthesis. Light was detected as the main factor controlling this daily anther opening and closing. Anther opening can be reversed in response to rain and re-opens when rain stops. Relative humidity (RH) has a slight effect on anther opening and closing. Flower spans can be prolonged under laboratory conditions. This novel behavior of anther is likely to be a mechanism to enhance the male fitness in this species, of which has no inherited structure to protect pollen from the perianth.

Composition analysis of the volatile oil from endophytic fungus Pichia guilliermondii from Paris polyphylla var. Yunnanensis and its antibacterial activity

Composition analysis of the volatile oil from endophytic fungus Pichia guilliermondii from Paris polyphylla var. Yunnanensis and its antibacterial activity

Endophytic fungi from rhizomes of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis and their antibacterial activity

Endophytic fungi from rhizomes of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis and their antibacterial activity

A new phenylpropanoid glycosides from Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis

A new phenylpropanoid glycosides, 2-feruloyl-O-alpha-D-glucopyranoyl-(1'-->2)-3,6-O-feruloyl-beta-D-fructofuranoside, was isolated from the root of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis. The structure of the new glycoside was elucidated by spectroscopic methods. Cytotoxicity test showed that it has cytotoxic effect in a dose-dependent manner against the mice lung adenocarcinoma cell line (LA795).

Separation and identification of steroidal compounds with cytotoxic activity against human gastric cancer cell lines in vitro from the rhizomes of Paris polyphylla var. chinensis

A novel steroidal saponin, along with 12 known steroidal compounds, was isolated from the rhizomes of Paris polyphylla var. chinensis. Spectral data, including two-dimensional NMR, showed that the structure of the novel saponin was 3β,21-dihydroxypregnane-5-en-20S-(22,16)-lactone-1-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→3)]-β-D-glucopyranoside. The isolated steroidal compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity on human gastric cancer cell line HepG2, SGC7901, BxPC3. Diosgenin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)[α-L-rabinofuranosyl(1→4)]-β-D-glucopyranoside exhibited the most potent cytotoxic activity among the isolated steroids.

Endophytic fungi from rhizomes of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis

About 63 fungal endophytic isolates were separated from rhizomes of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis, which is a traditional medicinal plant mainly distributed in China. The isolates were characterized and grouped based on the culture characteristics and the morphology of colony growth and conidia. Eleven representative ones were selected for further taxonomical identification. Five genera namely Fusarium, Gliocladiopsis, Gliomastix, Aspergillus and Cylindrocarpon were identified on the basis of their morphological characterizations. Of them, the most frequent genus was Fusarium (i.e. Ppf1, Ppf3 and Ppf14). Their ITS-rDNA sequences were compared with those available in the GeneBank databases to obtain the closest related species by BLAST analysis as well as to analyze their phylogenetic affiliation. The isolates were identified as Gliocladiopsis irregularis (Ppf2), Plectosphaerella cucumerina (Ppf4), Padospora sp. (Ppf6), Gliomastix murorum var. murorum (Ppf7), Aspergillus fumigatus (Ppf9), Pichia guilliermondii (Ppf10), Neonectria radicicola (anamorph: Cylindrocarpon) (Ppf12) and one uncultured mycorrhizal ascomycete (Ppf13) separately based on their morphological and molecular features. The molecular characters of the endophytic fungi were basically coincident with their morphology. The broad diversity and taxonomic spectrum were exhibited by the endophytic fungi from P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis.

A novel phenylpropanoid glycosides and a new derivation of phenolic glycoside from Paris Polyphylla var. yunnanensis

A novel phenylpropanoid glycosides 1, named parispolyside F, and a novel derivation of phenolic glycoside 2, named parispolyside G, as well as two known flavonoid glycosides were isolated from the rhizome of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods.

Stimulation of saponin production in Panax ginseng hairy roots by two oligosaccharides from Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis

Two oligosaccharides, a heptasaccharide (HS) and an octasaccharide (OS), isolated from Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis, stimulated the growth and saponin accumulation of Panax ginseng hairy roots at 5-30 mg l(-1). HS and OS at 30 mg l(-1), fed separately to hairy root cultures at 10 days post-inoculation, increased the root biomass dry weight by more than 70% to approximately 20 g l(-1) from 13 g l(-1) and the total saponin content of roots by more than 1-fold to approximately 3.5% from 1.6% (w/w). The results suggest that the two oligosaccharides may have plant growth-regulatory activity in plant tissue cultures.

Heptasaccharide and octasaccharide isolated from Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis and their plant growth-regulatory activity

Two oligosaccharides, heptasaccharide (HS) and octasaccharide (OS), were isolated from the water extract of the rhizomes of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis. They were identified as linear oligomers, composed of glucose and mannose monomers, with the molecular formula of C 42H 72O 36 ( M=1152 and DP=7) for HS and C 48H 82O 41 ( M=1214 and DP=8) for OS (DP, degree of polymerization). Both had plant growth-regulatory activity at low concentrations, stimulating the shoot formation of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis in culture at 2.5–10 mg/l, and the growth and saponin formation of Panax japonicus var. major hairy roots at 10–30 mg/l. This is the first report on these oligosaccharides isolated from P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis and their plant growth-regulatory activity.

Protective effects of steroid saponins from paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis on ethanol- or indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal lesions in rats: structural requirement for activity and mode of action

The methanolic extract from the rhizomes of Paris polyphylla S m. var . yunnanensis (F r.) H-M. was found to potently inhibit ethanol-induced gastric lesions in rats. Through bioassay-guided separation, four known spirostanol-type steroid saponins, pennogenin 3- O-α- l-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)-[α- l-arabinofuranosyl(1→4)]-β- d-glucopyranoside ( 1), pennogenin 3- O-α- l-rhamnopyranosyl(1→4)-α- l-rhamnopyranosyl(1→4)-[α- l-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)]-β- d-glucopyranoside ( 2), diosgenin 3- O-α- l-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)-[α- l-arabinofuranosyl(1→4)]-β- d-glucopyranoside ( 3), and diosgenin 3- O-α- l-rhamnopyranosyl(1→4)-α- l-rhamnopyranosyl(1→4)-[α- l-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)]-β- d-glucopyranoside ( 4), and a new furostanol-type steroid saponin, parisaponin I ( 5), together with two known furostanol-type steroid saponins, trigofoenoside A ( 6) and protogracillin ( 7), were isolated from the active fraction. Compounds 1– 4 (1.25–10 mg/kg, po) strongly inhibited gastric lesions induced by ethanol and indomethacin. With regard to structural requirement of steroid saponins, the 3- O-glycoside moiety and spirostanol structure were found to be essential for the activity and the 17-hydroxyl group in the aglycon part enhanced the protective effects against ethanol-induced gastric lesions. The protective effects of 1 and 3 against ethanol-induced gastric lesions were attenuated by pretreatment with indomethacin and N-ethylmaleimide. Compounds 1 and 3 weakly inhibited acid secretions in pylorus-ligated rats. These findings suggested that endogenous prostaglandins and sulfhydryl compounds were involved in the protective activity.

Low-temperature stratification strategies and growth regulators for rapid induction of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis seed germination

The seeds of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis are deeply dormant, and they remain dormant for 18 months or longer in their natural environment. Periodic exposure of the seeds to a low-temperature of 4 °C broke the dormancy in about 16 weeks (112 days). The most effective temperature stratification scheme was an interval of 14 days at 4 °C and 14 days at 22 °C. Both GA3 and ethephon significantly enhanced the germination rate during the stratification treatment. The seed coat, particularly the mesophyll outer layer of the seed coat, strongly inhibited the germination. With removal of the seed coat and exposure of the uncoated seeds to 600 mg/l GA3 for 48 h before the temperature stratification of 14 days at 4 °C and 14 days at 22 °C for 112 days, a germination percentage as high as 95.3% of the seeds was attained in about 160 days.

Steroidal Saponins from the Rhizomes of Paris polyphylla var. chinensis and their Cytotoxic Activity on HL-60 Cells

A new spirostanol steroidal saponin, along with ten known saponins, which were based upon (25R)-spirost-5-en-3β-o1 (diosgenin) or (25R)-spirost-5-ene-3β5,17α-diol (pennogenin) as the aglycones, were isolated from the rhizomes of Paris polyphylla var. chinensis. Spectral data, including two-dimensional NMR, and the result of hydrolytic cleavage showed that the structure of the new saponin was pennogenin 3-0-{O−α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-O a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranoside}. The isolated saponins were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity on human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells.

Structure characterization of haemostatic diosgenin glycosides from paris polyphylia

From Paris polyphylla var. chinensis Hare (Liliaceae), four diosgenin glycosides with haemostatic effects were isolated. The structure of the major component was elucidated by chemical and spectroscopic methods as 3-{[α- L-rhamnopyranosyl(1 Rha → 2 Glu)]-[α- L-arabinofuranosyl(1 Ara → 4 Glu)]-β D-glucopyranosyl}-25( R)-spirost-5-en-3β-ol. This saponin was found to be identical to three previously reported compounds to which other structures were originally assigned, namely the major component from P. polyphylla Smith, the major cytotoxic component of yunnan paiyao, and polyphyllin D from P. polyphylla grown in the Himalaya region.