Parents Of Infants Research Articles

Hospitalization for physical child abuse: Associated medical factors and medical history since birth

BackgroundPhysical abuse often begins at a very young age and sometimes results in serious or fatal injuries. It is crucial to diagnose physical abuse as early as possible to protect this vulnerable population. ObjectiveTo study the factors associated with the first hospitalization for physical abuse from birth to the infant's first birthday in France. Participants and settingWe included all singleton children born in a hospital setting in France between 2009 and 2013, who were identified from the French national information system database (SNDS). MethodsTo study factors associated with the first hospitalization for physical abuse during the first year after birth, we used the Fine and Gray regression model. Factors included in the multivariate model were the infant's sex, prematurity, neonatal conditions, the number of hospitalizations (at least two), medical consultations and complementary universal health insurance (proxy for family precariousness and socio-economic vulnerability). ResultsOver the 2009–2013 period, among 3,432,921 newborn singletons, 903 (0.026 %) were hospitalized for physical abuse in the year following birth. Among the factors associated with physical abuse, such as prematurity (aHR = 2.2[1.8–2.7]), male sex (aHR = 1.3[1.2–1.5]), or having had at least two hospitalizations (aHR = 1.7[1.4–2.1]), we found that complementary universal health insurance coverage was the factor most associated (aHR = 4.1[3.5–4.7]) with being hospitalized for physical abuse. ConclusionThese findings could help introduce preventative measures for infant protection in certain groups, such as parents of infants born prematurely, especially if they are in a precarious situation. This study also suggests that particular attention should be paid to infants who have been hospitalized at least two times in the first year of life, whatever the reason.

Health literacy and parenting infants at home: protocol for a qualitative systematic review of parents' experiences.

This systematic review will identify and synthesize the available qualitative evidence regarding parents' experiences of health literacy in parenting infants at home. Parental health literacy, which is essential for parents' and children's health, is associated with parents' health knowledge, parenting practices, and children's health outcomes. Parents face difficulties pertaining to their health literacy skills in daily health education and health care for their infants; therefore, understanding their parenting experience with infants from a health literacy perspective is important for health professionals. This review will evaluate and integrate qualitative evidence regarding parental experiences of health literacy in daily parenting of infants at home. This review will include qualitative data from empirical studies describing parents' experiences of health literacy in parenting infants at home. Parents of infants (0-1 year of age) living at home in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development member countries will be included. This review will follow the JBI approach for qualitative systematic reviews. The following databases will be searched for published and unpublished studies: MEDLINE (EBSCOhost), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), PsycINFO (EBSCOhost), and ProQuest Health and Medical Collection (in English and Japanese); Open Access Theses and Dissertations (in English); and Ichushi-Web, CiNii, and the Institutional Repositories Database (in Japanese). Study selection, data extraction, and critical appraisal of the methodological quality of studies will be undertaken by 2 reviewers independently. Data synthesis will be conducted using the meta-aggregation approach, and the synthesized findings will be assessed using the ConQual approach. PROSPERO CRD42022345187.

The Earlier, the Better? An In-Depth Interview Study on the Ethics of Early Detection with Parents of Children at an Elevated Likelihood for Autism

Autism is increasingly viewed as an expression of neurodiversity deserving accommodation, rather than merely as a disorder in need of remediation or even prevention. This reconceptualization has inspired calls to broaden the ethical debate on early autism care beyond matters of efficient screenings and effective interventions. We conducted 14 in-depth interviews with 26 parents of infants at an increased likelihood for autism (siblings, preterms and children with persistent feeding difficulties) to understand which benefits and risks these parents see for the implementation of a systematic, early autism detection program in our region. With this study, we aim to contribute empirically to the ethical debate on good and just early autism care in the age of neurodiversity. Data were analyzed according to the QUAGOL-methodology. Three main themes emerged from our analysis. In their evaluation of early autism detection, parents discussed how a diagnosis helps gain a different perspective fostering understanding and recognition for both child and parent. Second, a diagnosis supports parents in adjusting their parenting practices, to justify this deviation from “normal” parenting and to strive for such adjusted environments beyond the nuclear family. Third, an autism diagnosis induces ambiguities parents need to navigate, involving questions on whether and when to mobilize the diagnostic label and which language to use to talk about autism. We discuss the complex position of parents of a (potentially) autistic child in terms of moving back and forth across the ab/normal binary and describe implications for the ethical debate on early autism detection.

59 Important Pulmonary Outcomes in Extremely Preterm Infants: Parental Perspectives

Abstract Background Lung Injury is frequent in extremely preterm infants. The definition of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) has changed since it was first described in 1967. Oxygen need at 36 weeks, the current definition, is not closely associated with long-term pulmonary outcomes. This outcome, used in neonatal research, has been chosen by clinicians and researchers, not by parents. Other outcomes related to chronic respiratory disease (such as hospital readmissions, work of breathing, and/or exercise limitation) are rarely measured or reported in outcome research. What pulmonary outcomes are of importance to parents is unknown. Objectives The primary objective of this part of the “parent voices project” was to create a list of respiratory outcomes that are important to parents, both during the NICU hospitalization and after discharge, to be considered in future respiratory outcome studies. Design/Methods Over one year (2020-2021), parents of infants born <29 weeks’ gestational age (GA) who came for follow-up visits when their children were between 18 months and 7 years old, in a large academic centre, were invited to participate. They were asked both closed and open-ended questions about the following topics: • The child’s health and what they would want to improve. • The impacts (negative and positive) of prematurity on the life of their family. • Their decisional regrets. • What they wish they had known both before birth and in the NICU, and their recommendations for clinicians. We examined all the parental answers with a view to discovering how many invoked pulmonary outcomes and which themes parents described when speaking about respiratory health. The goal was to make a list of all the respiratory outcomes that were important to families, both during the NICU hospitalization and longer term. Results were analyzed using mixed methods. Results Among parents (n=285, 98% participation rate), 44% spoke about important pulmonary outcomes. Parents invoked 25 themes when they described respiratory health, some pertaining to NICU hospitalization and others to long-term outcomes (see Table below). Some themes impacted the child (child-centred), such as exercise limitation. Many other pulmonary outcomes having an impact on parents or the whole family were described by parents (parent or family-centred themes). For example, a child who had difficulty breathing would struggle and could have disturbed sleep, but parents often described their own fear, lack of sleep (or disturbed sleep in other children). When children were hospitalized because of a respiratory illness, many of the outcomes described would be both child- and parent-centred: e.g., parental loss of work or income, and loss of equilibrium for the whole family. None of the 285 parents spoke about oxygen at 36 weeks or BPD. The prevalence of parents who describe pulmonary outcomes as impacting the child and/or family was statistically similar in parents of children with and without BPD, born before or after 25 weeks, with a BW of less or more than 750 g. Parents of male infants and those who were readmitted for respiratory issues were more likely to report important pulmonary outcomes. Conclusion Many parents of children born extremely preterm describe important pulmonary outcomes, independent of BPD. None of the parents mentioned oxygen at 36 weeks or BPD. More parents report such outcomes when their child has been readmitted for pulmonary reasons. These adverse outcomes often impact the whole family. Future research will indicate which outcomes need to be included in neonatal trials (or neonatal follow-up).

64 Consensus Practice Recommendations Regarding Parental Presence in Canadian NICUs to Inform Ongoing and Post Pandemic Policies

Abstract Introduction/Background In March 2020, parental presence restriction policies were introduced in Canadian NICUs as institutions aimed to prevent COVID-19 transmission during the emerging global pandemic. However, parental presence in NICUs is necessary for maximizing parent and infant health outcomes, and there continues to be significant variation in parental restriction across Canadian NICUs. Objectives To identify the impact of parental restriction policies in Canadian NICUs on parents, infants, and healthcare providers and co-create practice recommendations for ongoing pandemic management and post-pandemic policies. Design/Methods A national survey was conducted to assess the impact of Canadian NICU restriction policies. Recommendations were developed through Delphi and Values and Preferences research methods. For the first Delphi survey, participants rated 50 items of importance from the national survey on a scale from 1 (very low importance) to 5 (very high). On the second Delphi survey, participants ranked the top 20 items from highest relative to lowest importance. A literature review was conducted for the top 10 items, and evidence of known benefits and harms was presented to the panel of decision-makers during the Values and Preferences consensus meetings. Participants voted on the inclusion of each item as a national recommendation and discussed additional caveats. A vote of 80% or more was deemed a consensus. Results Parents (n=426) and healthcare providers (n=205) completed a national survey, from which a list of reported impacts was derived. After two separate Delphi rounds (n=39, and n=20), a series of 10 recommendations with the highest rated importance were identified. A representative panel of decision-makers (n=20), including parents of NICU infants, NICU healthcare providers and managers, and infectious disease and public health policy-makers, took part in a Values and Preferences task. Items of importance included 7 strong recommendations (parents as essential caregivers, providing skin-to-skin contact, direct or mothers’ own expressed milk feeding, attending medical rounds, mental health and psychosocial services access, food and drink access, and inclusion of parent partners in pandemic response planning) and 6 conditional recommendations (providing hands-on care tasks, touch, two parents present at the same time, use of communication devices, and in-person access to medical rounds and mental health and psychosocial services). Consensus was reached on all items in favour of inclusion in national recommendations for Canadian NICUs. Conclusion These recommendations will guide ongoing and future pandemic management and policies with respect to parental presence and involvement in their infants’ care.

58 Predicting and Preparing for the Future: Parents of Extremely Preterm Infants Give Recommendations to Clinicians

Abstract Background Parents of extremely preterm children face many challenges and uncertainties. The information and support provided by clinicians—both before and after birth—is invaluable to help them prepare for the future. Objectives To explore the information needs of parents of extremely preterm infants, before birth, in the NICU, and at discharge. Design/Methods In 2021, all parents of infants born <29 weeks’ gestational age and seen for neonatal follow-up between the ages of 18 months and 7 years were consecutively recruited over a one-year period in a large academic centre. Parents were asked: “Knowing what you know now, what do you wish doctors would have told you about prematurity before and/or after your child's birth?” Answers were analyzed using mixed methods. Results Nearly half (45%) of the 249 parents (98% participation rate) were satisfied with the medical information and support they received, either before or after birth. Prenatally, 16% felt that more practical information was needed in terms of the function of babies born preterm (not only diagnoses), and some parents would have liked prematurity to be mentioned in their normal pregnancy follow-up. 19% of parents wanted to know more about the life trajectory of babies in the NICU, along with knowing what was “the next step”, and how they could be part of the team to help their baby (“What are the different steps during the stay?” and ”How we can help as parents”. 22% wished discharge to be improved, to be better prepared for the future: e.g., “BPD does not help. We would have liked to know what leaving on oxygen meant, that she should not go to daycare, the risk with infections, RSV shots, sleeping problems many preemies have. This could have been done weeks before we left the hospital”. 14% wished they had known more about resources for psychosocial support. Parents (14%) wished clinicians to be more optimistic and provide them with hope: e.g., “Before birth, I would have liked to know that most micro preemies do well”. Conclusion Although half the parents were satisfied with the information and support they received, the other half recommended improvements, mainly to make our communication positive and practical. Diagnoses did not help parents prepare for the future prenatally, in the NICU, or at discharge, but information on function and what parents could do to assist (in a practical fashion) did.

A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Language Intervention for Parents of Preterm Infants and 2-Year Language Outcomes

To test whether a neonatal intensive care unit-based language curriculum for families with preterm infants enhances the language environment and postdischarge Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (BSID)-III language and cognitive scores. A randomized controlled trial was conducted with infants born at ≤32 weeks assigned to a parent-driven language intervention or health-safety lessons (controls). Recordings of adult word counts (AWC), conversational turns, and child vocalizations were captured at 32, 34, and 36weeks. Primary outcomes included 2-year BSID-III language and cognitive scores. We randomized 95 infants; 45 of the 48 intervention patients (94%) and 43 of the 47 controls (91%) with ≥2 recordings were analyzed. The intervention group had higher AWCs (rate ratio, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.05-2.19; P=.03) at 36weeks, increased their AWCs between all recordings, and had lower rates of 2-year receptive language scores <7 (10% vs 38%; P<.02). The intervention was associated with 80% decreased odds of a language composite score of <85 (aOR, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.05-0.78; P=.02), and 90% decreased odds of a receptive score of <7 (0.10; 95% CI, 0.02-0.46; P=.003); there was no association found with cognitive scores. Increases in AWC and conversational turns between 32 and 36weeks were independently associated with improved 2-year BSID-III language scores for both study groups. Short-term parent-driven language enrichment in the neonatal intensive care unit contributes to increased AWCs at 36weeks and improved 2-year language scores. In adjusted analyses, increases in conversational turns and AWCs at 36weeks were independently associated with improved language scores. This low-cost, easily implemented intervention can potentially help to mitigate speech delays among preterm infants. Registered with www. gov, NCT02528227.

#sleepingbaby on Instagram: Nonadherence of images to safe sleeping advice and implications for prevention of Sudden Unexpected Death in Infancy.

Safe sleep of infants is important to reduce the risk of Sudden Unexpected Death in Infancy (SUDI). The depiction of infant care behavior which is inconsistent with the safe sleep recommendations on social media has an impact on parental infant care thoughts, norms and behaviors. This study aims to determine the adherence of Instagram images to the Dutch safe sleeping advice. A systematic social media analysis on Instagram was performed using 22 hashtags and 9 accounts of Dutch companies or platforms related to infants. Images of sleeping infants were analyzed on consistency with the criteria: supine sleeping position, own cot or crib, sleep sack, and an empty bed. Based on 514 collected images, 5.9% was consistent with sleep sack use, 16.8% with an empty bed, 30.7% with an own cot or crib, and 67.5% with the supine sleeping position. For 311 images (60.5%), all four criteria could be rated, as for the others, at least one criterion was not clearly depicted. Only 6 of these images (1.9%) were consistent with all four criteria. Although Instagram images are probably not representative of regular infant care behavior, the exposure to these images that are mostly inconsistent with the safe sleep advice can contribute to the formation of norms, and therefore influence parental care behavior. Accurate communication of the safe sleep recommendations through social media is needed, and opportunities are described for preventive health professionals to engage more in this communication with their public.

Reliability and validity of the Chinese post-discharge coping difficulty scale-parent form in parents of premature infants: a multicenter cross-sectional study.

The measurement of the coping difficulties of parents of premature infants after discharge provides objective data for nurses to prepare infants for discharge. However, no Chinese scale has been developed to measure parents' coping difficulties after their premature infants are discharged. To translate the parent version of the Post-Discharge Coping Difficulty Scale (Ped-PDCDS) from English to Chinese and test the reliability and validity of the Chinese version in parents of premature infants. A multicenter cross-sectional study of 356 parents of premature infants was conducted. The scale was symmetrically translated. Validity was evaluated in terms of content, construct, discriminant, and convergent validities. Reliability was assessed in terms of internal consistency, split-half reliability, and test-retest reliability. The Chinese Ped-PDCDS finally contained 11 items. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses results showed that the Chinese Ped-PDCDS had three dimensions, and the convergent and discriminant validities of the scale was satisfactory. The overall reliability, split-half reliability, and test-retest reliability of the scale was 0.85, 0.92, and 0.84, respectively. The Chinese Ped-PDCDS has adequate psychometric properties, and is an easy and appropriate instrument for measuring parents' difficulty in coping with premature infants.

Perceived stress of mothers and fathers on two NICUs before and during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

Parents of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants in a neonatal intensive care unit experienced additional stress during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic due to the related restrictions in hospital visiting policies. Our study aimed to compare parents' burdens before and during the pandemic. This survey included 121 parents of 76 VLBW infants in two European Level IV perinatal centers before and during the pandemic. We performed standardized parent questionnaires with mothers and fathers separately to evaluate their emotional stress and well-being. The pandemic worsened the emotional well-being of parents of VLBW infants, particularly of mothers. During the pandemic, mothers reported significantly higher state anxiety levels (48.9 vs. 42.9, p = 0.026) and hampered bonding with the child (6.3 vs. 5.2, 0 = 0.003) than before. In addition, mothers felt more personally restricted than fathers (6.1 vs. 5.2, p = 0.003). Fathers experienced lower levels of stress than mothers; they were equally burdened before and during the pandemic. Restrictions in visiting policies for families of VLBW infants during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic have a significant negative impact on parental stress and should therefore be applied cautiously.

Longitudinal associations between parental reflective functioning and maternal mind-mindedness.

Little work has examined longitudinal associations between parental reflective functioning (PRF) and mind-mindedness (MM), limiting the understanding of separate or bidirectional trajectories of these related but distinct forms of mentalization. We examined cross-lagged associations between PRF, assessed via interview, and MM, coded from play interactions, over 12 months among 90 parents (86% female; 57% White, 43% Black) of infants (Mage = 10.56 months, SD = 8.20) who were participating in The Michigan Model of Infant Mental Health Home Visiting. Data were collected at study enrollment Time 1 (T1) and at 6-month Time 2 (T2) and 12-month Time 3 (T3) postenrollment. Mind-minded comments were coded as appropriate, reflecting accurate interpretation of mental states or nonattuned, characterizing inaccurate interpretations. PRF and appropriate MM each remained stable over time. PRF at the T1 positively predicted appropriate MM at T2. No other cross-lagged associations between PRF and appropriate MM were significant. Concurrent correlations between appropriate MM and PRF were significant only at T3. Nonattuned MM showed stability from T1 to T2 but nonattuned MM at the T2 did not predict nonattuned MM at T3. Greater PRF at T1 predicted less nonattuned MM at T2. No other cross-lagged associations between PRF and nonattuned MM were significant. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

How It Works 1: Optimising Practice to Support Establishing Breast/Chest Feeding – Part 1

To support optimal breast/chest feeding, midwives and support workers must have knowledge of breast anatomy and the mechanisms for milk production. The function of the breast is not overly influenced by the form of the breast, as there is a symbiotic relationship between the two.1 The appetite and removal of milk via the infant is key in determining effective lactation rather than the adult’s capacity to produce milk.1 The connection and work undertaken by parent and feeding infant requires knowledge and support of healthcare professionals, and also ongoing immediate support through immediate and wider networks of the feeding family. The parent/infant dyad should be supported as one unit as both have exceptional key elements to ensure adequate and optimal feeding, milk removal and production.

The Relationship between Child Values and Happiness of Early Childhood Parents: Actor Effect and Partner Effect

Purpose: This study examined the relationship between child value and happiness among parents of infants and toddlers in the 6th and 7th waves of the Korean Child Panel Survey. &#x0D; Method: We conducted an analysis of self and other interdependence model(APIM) to test the self-effect and partner-effect of parents of infants and toddlers.&#x0D; Results: The results of the self-effect and partner-effect tests of mothers' and fathers' perceived parental child value on happiness showed that mothers' and fathers' perceived child value had a significant positive effect on their own happiness. In addition, the interaction effect of mothers' and fathers' perceived child value on happiness was significant only for the negative effect of fathers' perceived child value on mothers' happiness. We also found significant differences in the self-effect and partner-effect of parental values on happiness, with mothers' happiness being influenced more by their own parental values than by their fathers' parental values.&#x0D; Conclusion: The significance of this study is that it verified the effect of parents' child value on their own happiness, which has been lacking in the literature. Therefore, this study provides implications for the establishment of government childcare policies to improve the happiness of parents of infants and toddlers and for parent education in early childhood education institutions, and provides a basis for future research and programs to improve the happiness of parents of infants and toddlers.

Prematurity has no impact on the quality of parents' sleep 6 months after birth.

Due to the stress that is classically associated with the premature birth of a child, these parents may be prone to sleep disorders. The aim of this study was to compare sleep quality of preterm infants' parents with that of term infants' parents. Prospective observational cohort study conducted at the University Hospital of Brest between January 2019 and January 2021. The primary outcome criterion was the score obtained by the parents on the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) 6 months after their child's birth. Each parent was recruited in the days following their child's birth and completed the PSQI online. Overall, 316 parents were included. The median gestational age at birth was 34.3 (31.6-35.5) weeks in the preterm infant group and 39.7 (38.6-40.7) weeks in the term infant group. Of the 948 expected questionnaires, 771 were completed and collected. On average, 59% of the parents obtained a PSQI global score >5. Six months after birth, no differences were reported between parents of preterm and full-term infants. This study did not reveal any difference between sleep quality of preterm infants' parents and term infants' parents.

Collaborating to Improve Neonatal Care: ParentAl Participation on the NEonatal Ward-Study Protocol of the neoPARTNER Study.

Parents are often appointed a passive role in the care for their hospitalised child. In the family-integrated care (FICare) model, parental involvement in neonatal care is emulated. Parental participation in medical rounds, or family-centred rounds (FCR), forms a key element. A paucity remains of randomised trials assessing the outcomes of FCR (embedded in FICare) in families and neonates, and outcomes on an organisational level are relatively unexplored. Likewise, biological mechanisms through which a potential effect may be exerted are lacking robust evidence. Ten level two Dutch neonatal wards are involved in this stepped-wedge cluster-randomised trial FCR (embedded in FICare) by one common implementation strategy. Parents of infants hospitalised for at least 7 days are eligible for inclusion. The primary outcome is parental stress (PSS:NICU) at discharge. Secondary outcomes include parental, neonatal, healthcare professional and organisational outcomes. Biomarkers of stress will be analysed in parent-infant dyads. With a practical approach and broad outcome set, this study aims to obtain evidence on the possible (mechanistic) effect of FCR (as part of FICare) on parents, infants, healthcare professionals and organisations. The practical approach provides (experiences of) FICare material adjusted to the Dutch setting, available for other hospitals after the study.

Prognostic Factors for Long-term Aesthetic Outcome of Infantile Haemangioma Treated with Beta-blockers.

Parents of infants treated with beta-blockers for infantile haemangioma are often concerned about the long-term aesthetic outcome. This cross-sectional study assessed the influence on the long-term aesthetic outcome of characteristics of the infantile haemangioma, the beta-blocker treatment, and the infant. The study included 103 children aged 6-12 years, treated with beta-blockers (propranolol or atenolol) for infantile haemangioma during infancy (age at treatment initiation ≤1 year) for ≥6 months. Dermatologists and parents scored the Patient Observer Scar Assessment Scale, and the child scored a visual analogue scale. Dermatologists identified whether telangiectasia, fibrofatty tissue, and atrophic scar tissue were present. The long-term aesthetic outcome of infantile haemangioma was judged more negatively by dermatologists and parents in case of a superficial component, ulceration, older age at treatment initiation, higher cumulative dose, and/or shorter follow-up time. According to children, infantile haemangioma located on the head had better aesthetic outcome than infantile haemangioma located elsewhere. Close monitoring, particularly of infantile haemangioma with a superficial component, is essential for early initiation of treatment, and to prevent or treat ulceration. These outcome data can support parental counselling and guide treatment strategy.

Predictors of screen exposure among infants under 2 years of age during the COVID-19 pandemic

Contradicting pediatric societies’ recommendations, studies show that screen exposure begins at the first year of life for many children worldwide, with parental needs, educational purposes, and parental stress emerging as associated factors. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has likely worsened this scenario. This study aims to: 1) estimate the average daily screen exposure time for Brazilian infants aged 0–23 months during the COVID-19 pandemic based on caregiver report; 2) analyze the correlation between average exposure time, parental motivations for exposure, parental burnout levels and infant age; and 3) test the predictive role of parental motivations, burnout, and infant age on infant screen exposure. For this purpose, 139 parents (living in Brazil) answered online to questionnaires on infant screen exposure, parental motivations for exposure (four subscales: Parental Needs; Educational; Child’s Desires/Family Routine; Behavioral Control), and parental burnout (Total score; four subscales: Emotional Exhaustion; Contrast; Feelings of Being Fed Up; Emotional Distancing). On average, infants were exposed to screens for 131 min/day. Higher scores on the four parental motivation subscales and higher parental burnout (specifically the Contrast subscale) correlated with longer exposure times. Furthermore, the motivation subscales Parental Needs and Child's Desires/family routine, the burnout subscale Contrast and infant age predicted greater screen exposure, while the burnout scale Feelings of Being Fed Up predicted less exposure. Our results suggest that infants in Brazil were exposed to substantial amounts of screen time during the pandemic. Interventions aiming to reduce screen time must consider parental motivations and parental burnout/mental health along with infant age.

Hubungan Pengetahuan dan Pola Asuh Ibu dengan Status Gizi Bayi Usia 0-12 Bulan di wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Batusura’ Tahun 2023

The toddler period is also known as the "golden age," which falls within a crucial phase of child growth and development. However, during this period, toddlers constitute a nutritionally vulnerable group. Failure to navigate this period effectively may cause children to miss their opportunity for a golden phase of growth and development. This study aims to determine the relationship between maternal knowledge and parenting styles with the nutritional status of infants aged 0-12 months. Method: The research design employed is an Analytical Survey with a Cross-Sectional Study approach. All mothers with infants or toddlers visiting the Batusura’ Health Center between March and June 2023 were included. A purposive sampling technique was utilized, resulting in 64 respondents. Data collection was carried out using questionnaire sheets. The collected data were subsequently processed and analyzed using SPSS Statistics version 25 and subjected to Chi-Square tests. The findings of this study reveal a relationship between maternal knowledge and infant nutritional status, with a p-value of ρ = 0.004. Furthermore, a connection between maternal parenting styles and infant nutritional status was observed, with a p-value of ρ = 0.008. Conclusion: A significant relationship exists between maternal knowledge and parenting styles with nutritional status.

Outcome's Classification in Mobile Applications Tailored to Parents of Premature Infants: A Systematic Review.

Integration of healthcare services for preterm neonates at home and hospital by mobile technology is an economical and convenient intervention, which is being increasingly applied worldwide. We aimed to classify the outcomes of mobile applications tailored to parents of premature infants. This systematic review was conducted by searching the six main databases until May 2021. Mobile applications tailored to parents of premature infants and the reported outcomes of this technology were identified and classified. Quality of screened articles checked by MMAT tool. Overall, 10703 articles were retrieved, and after eliminating the duplicated articles, 9 articles were reviewed ultimately. Identified outcomes were categorized into three groups parental, application, and neonatal outcomes. In the parental outcomes, maternal stress/stress coping, parenting self-efficacy, satisfaction, anxiety, partnership advocacy/improved parent-infant relationship, feeling of being safe, reassurance and confidence, increase awareness, as well as discharge preparedness, were identified. In the application outcomes, application usage, ease of use/user-friendly, and usability of the designed application were placed. Finally, the neonatal outcomes include health and clinical items. Mobile applications can be useful in prematurity for educating pregnant mothers, managing stress and anxiety, supporting families, and preparing for discharge. Moreover, due to the coronavirus condition, providing remote services for parents is an appropriate solution to reduce the in-person visits to neonatal care centers. Development of tailored apps can promote the neonates' health and reduce their parents' stress.

The Impact of Psychiatric Care Program on Empathy of Neonatal Intensive Care Nurses in Iran.

The main role of nurses is not only to inform about the disease and treatment of the patient but also to establish an effective therapeutic relationship to address concerns and provide empathy, comfort, and support. This issue is very prominent in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) and doubles the importance of empathetic communication between nurses and parents and promoting empathy skills in nurses working in neonatal intensive care units. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a support program on the empathy of neonatal intensive care nurses across the Iran. This study was conducted in 2021 as a semi-experimental intervention in a group of 166 nurses working in the neonatal department all over Iran who met the inclusion criteria. Jefferson's empathy questionnaire was completed electronically by the participants before and after the online education program start. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (V 24.0). The empathy score of nurses was 60.31 ± 5.76 before and 66.47 ±6.60 after the intervention. The empathy scores of nurses after the intervention increased statistically significantly. Nurses can communicate empathically with parents by training their verbal and nonverbal communication skills and gaining a common understanding of the feelings of parents of premature infants.