Parenting Style Research Articles

Pola Asuh Orang Tua Single Parents dalam Menanggulangi Kenakalan Remaja di Kelurahan Karang Maritim Kecamatan Panjang Bandar Lampung

The purpose of this study is to determine the parenting style applied by parents, especially Single Parents mothers in overcoming juvenile delinquency, the causes of juvenile delinquency, solutions to juvenile delinquency aged 12-18 years in Karang Maritim Village, Panjang District, Bandar Lampung City. The method used in this study is a descriptive qualitative method, which aims to describe and explain the state of the object under study as it occurs in the field. This research was conducted in Kelurahan Karang Maritim, Panjang District, Bandar Lampung. The subjects and informants in this study were mothers (single parents) and their teenage children aged 12-18 years. Data collection is carried out by observation to the field, interviews with informants, and documentation related to research. The results showed (1) Parenting styles in overcoming juvenile delinquency can be said to be less than optimal, due to parenting that is too restrictive (Authoritarian), as well as parenting that is too liberating (Permissive) so as to cause deviant behavior changes in the form of delinquency such as smoking, skipping school, brawling, returning home late at night for no apparent reason, saying dirty, and playing mobile phones until they forget the time, And there are few parents who use democratic parenting in educating children.

Investigation into the Interrelation Between Parenting Styles and Parental Financial Behavior

Parenting styles are an essential factor in how parents raise their children. More literature is needed about the role of parenting styles on parental financial socialization. How parents manage their finances is essential as children observe and imitate their parents' behavior. This study investigated the relationship between parenting styles and parental financial behavior. Parenting style was measured through authoritarian, neglectful, authoritative, and permissive. This study adopted a quantitative research approach and used a self-administered questionnaire to collect data from young adults in two provinces (Gauteng and Mpumalanga) in South Africa. Correlation analysis was used to analyze data. The results showed a significant positive relationship between authoritarian, neglectful, authoritative, and permissive parenting styles and parental financial behavior. Thus, it is concluded that a significant positive relationship exists between parenting styles and parental financial behavior. The study implies that parents should invest more time in understanding and evaluating their parenting styles and adopt authoritarian, authoritative, and permissive parenting styles as they were found to support and foster financial socialization. Financial educators and the government must design and implement financial programs to inform parents of different parenting styles. This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by empirically testing the relationship between parenting styles and parental financial behavior.

The dynamic nature of parenting practices: a qualitative enquiry of parenting adolescents during COVID-19.

Parenting practices are known to be dynamic, evolving in response to various factors such as societal changes, cultural norms, and individual circumstances. Understanding the dynamic nature of parenting is essential for comprehending its influence on children's development. This study aimed to explore the adaptive nature of parenting practices amidst the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic, a global event that provided a unique context for examining these dynamics. In-depth semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with six heterogeneous couples who were parenting at least one adolescent during the pandemic. Attride-Sterling's thematic network analysis was employed to analyze the interview data. Five global themes emerged from the data, namely, change in parenting style due to stressors, paternal versus maternal style of parenting, intergenerational transmission of parenting practices, child-centric parenting practices, positive parenting practices and evolving parent-child relationship during COVID-19. The findings highlight the tendency of parents to adapt their parenting styles to meet the evolving needs of their children. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for supporting families during times of crisis. Future research should explore the long-term effects of these changes and effective strategies for promoting positive parent-child relationships.

The Sibling Effect on Theory of Mind Among Chinese Preschoolers: Considering the Role of Parenting Style and Peer Interaction

ABSTRACT Research Findings: This study extends the understanding of the sibling effect on children’s theory of mind (ToM) among Chinese preschoolers by adopting an ecological perspective. The participants were 225 Chinese preschoolers, comprising 100 children with siblings (M age = 4.54 years, SD = 1.11, 55 boys) and 125 children without siblings (M age = 4.52 years, SD = 0.99, 60 boys). We assessed children’s ToM through a child measurement task, and peer interaction time on the weekend and parenting style (i.e. authoritarian and authoritative parenting style) through parent reports. This study revealed that the role of siblings in children’s development of ToM did not have a main effect among Chinese preschoolers, regardless of their birth order or siblings’ ages. However, when considering the influence of parents and peers in addition to siblings, the sibling effect is only noticeable for children with low interaction levels with their peers. Practice or Policy: In conclusion, this study demonstrates that in China, child-aged siblings positively influence the ToM development in children who have limited interactions with peers. These findings underscore the value of siblings as a developmental resource and offer parents critical insights into fostering ToM, especially under the two-child policy.

Effects of Parenting Styles on Anxiety

Parenting styles were proved to have an impact on many aspects of children’s emotion and cognition. This paper tries to explores the impact of different parenting styles on anxiety in children and adolescents. It discusses three main parenting styles - authoritarian, permissive, and authoritative - and examines their effects on anxiety levels. The paper finds that authoritarian parenting, characterized by rigid regulations and lack of emotional support, can contribute to higher levels of anxiety in children. On the other hand, permissive parenting, which lacks defined boundaries and discipline, can also increase anxiety levels in children. In contrast, authoritative parenting, which combines firm guidelines with emotional support, has been found to lower anxiety levels in children. The paper concludes that understanding the effects of parenting styles on anxiety is crucial for promoting the well-being and mental health of children and adolescents. For future research, more studies could be conducted on the mechanisms of influence between parenting styles and anxiety.

Parents’ and professionals’ views on autistic motherhood using a participatory research design

Research on autistic women’s experience of parenthood is lacking. In this paper, two studies are presented. Study 1 comprised a small-scale qualitative study with autistic mothers (n = 9) in which their experiences of motherhood were explored using thematic analysis. The findings showed that participants identified a range of strengths, including connection with their children, high knowledge about childhood, a reflective style of parenting, good coping strategies, identifying with their autism diagnosis, and not caring what others thought. They also identified difficulties, including sensory challenges, coping with uncertainty and change, having to socialise, managing exhaustion, and not being taken seriously by professionals involved with their children. Guided by the findings of Study 1, and in collaboration with an advisory panel of autistic mothers, an online survey using mixed methods was completed by education and social professionals (n = 277) to investigate their understanding of, and attitudes towards, autism in women and mothers. Results showed high awareness and positive attitudes towards autism, but low levels of self-efficacy in working with autistic adults. Qualitative content analysis of open-ended questions shed light on challenges and rewards of working with autistic parents. The findings are discussed with reference to the double empathy problem (Milton Disability & Society, 27(6), 883–887, 2012) and implications for training of professionals.

Obedience and Authoritarian Parenting Style in China

Obedience and Authoritarian Parenting Style in China

FAKTOR-FAKTOR PSIKOSOSIAL YANG MEMPENGARUHI KESEHATAN MENTAL REMAJA

Indonesia faces serious challenges in terms of mental health, ranking fourth in mental health disorders and fifth in anxiety worldwide, according to the 2014 WHO report. This article highlights several factors that cause mental health disorders in teenagers in Indonesia. Firstly, parenting styles play an important role, with democratic parenting that supports children's freedom, harsh authoritarian parenting, and permissive parenting that lacks care, all having different impacts on adolescent development. Conflict and negative parenting styles are associated with an increased risk of depression. Second, inadequate living environments, such as densely populated areas and damaged houses, can affect adolescents' mental health. Third, socio-economic factors such as financial stability and demands for achievement also have a significant impact on the psychological well-being of adolescents. This means that a deep understanding of these factors is very important in efforts to improve the mental health of teenagers in Indonesia.

Relationship Between Perceived Parenting Style, Perceived Stress and Emotional Competence Among Young Adults

The purpose of the study is to investigate the relationship between Perceived Parenting Style, Perceived Stress, and Emotional Competence among young adults age ranging between 18-25 years. Parenting style refers to the behaviour of the parents towards their children, it can differ as every parent has a different way of interacting and guiding their children. The perception of children about the parenting style they experienced is referred to as Perceived Parenting Style. Parenting styles play a significant role in a child's emotional, physical, and psychological development. Stress is a bodily reaction to a threatening situation. Emotional competence refers to an individual’s ability to manage and express their emotions in a healthy way. This study attempts to determine the correlation between perceived parenting style, perceived stress and emotional competence. The scales utilised to collect the sample were The Perceived parenting style scale (PPSS) by Divya and Manikandan, The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) developed by Sheldon Cohen and the Emotional Competence Scale (EC-Scale) developed by R. Bharadwaj and H. Sharma. The methods utilised to analyse the data were descriptive statistics, Independent t-test and Pearson’s Correlation. SPSS software was utilised for the analysis. The result indicates a significant relationship between Perceived Parenting Style, Perceived Stress and Emotional Competence.

Trajectories of digital flourishing in adolescence: The predictive roles of developmental changes and digital divide factors.

Digital flourishing refers to the positive perceptions of digital communication use in five dimensions: connectedness, positive social comparison, authentic self-presentation, civil participation, and self-control. This three-wave panel study among 1081 Slovenian adolescents (Mage = 15.34 years, 53.8% boys, 80.7% ethnic majority) explored the trajectories of their digital flourishing dimensions over 1 year (2021-2022). Latent class growth analysis identified two classes. Adolescents in the first class reported high levels of digital flourishing, which remained stable over time, whereas those in the second class reported low levels of digital flourishing with decreased self-control over time. Autonomy-supportive restrictive, autonomy-supportive active, and controlling active parental mediation styles, together with high parental digital skills, predicted adolescents' belongingness to the (more digitally flourishing) first class.

Parenting Styles in Emerging Adulthood

Parents/caregivers remain important in the lives of emerging adults in the modern era and understanding the ways in which parents of emerging adults balance responsiveness, demandingness, and autonomy support can help inform evidence-based recommendations around developmentally appropriate protective parenting. The present study identified four “parenting styles” in emerging adulthood in a sample of 680 4-year university and community college students (M = 19.0, ranging from 18 to 25; 70.7% female, 22.6% male) who reported on their primary parent/caregiver’s parenting behaviors. These parenting styles largely overlapped with traditional conceptualizations of parenting styles (two authoritarian profiles, a potentially indulgent profile, and a profile characterized by the average levels of all parenting behaviors measured, which may reflect the modern authoritative parenting style of emerging adults). No hypothesized overparenting profile emerged. The potentially indulgent profile saw the lowest levels of depression, mood, and anxiety symptoms, whereas the potentially indulgent and authoritative profiles saw the most positive wellbeing outcomes. The findings underscore the way in which responsiveness and autonomy support in emerging adulthood appear developmentally appropriate and adaptive, and how helicopter parenting does not appear to be as important as other aspects of parent–emerging adult relationships.

Parenting style and young children's executive function mediate the relationship between parenting stress and parenting quality in two-child families

This study explored the relationship between parenting stress, parenting style, parenting quality, and young children's executive function. In total, 243 firstborns aged 2–9 years old (SD = 3.82) and their parents from two-child families in Beijing participated in the study, which used executive function tasks and parenting questionnaires. The results found that (1) parenting stress negatively predicted parenting quality; (2) parenting style partially mediated the relationship between parenting stress and parenting quality; (3) children's executive function partially mediated the relationship between parenting stress and parenting quality; and (4) the spoiled, democratic, permissive, and authoritarian parenting styles each play a chain mediating role with young children's executive function between parenting stress and parenting quality. Taken together, these findings provide implications for scientific parenting of children with different psychological characteristics (such as executive function) in multiple-child families under Parenting stress.

Parenting Styles and Rejection Sensitivity: A Gen Z Perspective

This study examines the interplay between parenting styles, rejection sensitivity and gender differences among Generation Z individuals aged 18 to 25 years. Using descriptive statistics, correlation analyses, Mann Whitney U tests and regression analysis the research explores these relationships. Results indicate significant correlations between parenting styles and rejection sensitivity, with authoritative parenting negatively associated and authoritarian parenting positively correlated. Gender differences emerge, with females exhibiting higher levels of authoritative, permissive and authoritarian parenting styles yet males demonstrating greater rejection sensitivity scores. Regression analysis confirms the predictive role of authoritative and authoritarian parenting styles on rejection sensitivity. These findings highlight the influence of parental behavior on rejection sensitivity and underscore gender disparities in parenting practices and psychological outcomes. Implications for parenting interventions, mental health promotion and educational strategies are discussed alongside recommendation for future research to deepen.

Clinical, socio-demographic, and parental correlates of early autism traits in a community cohort of toddlers

Identifying factors linked to autism traits in the general population may improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying divergent neurodevelopment. In this study we assess whether factors increasing the likelihood of childhood autism are related to early autistic trait emergence, or if other exposures are more important. We used data from 536 toddlers from London (UK), collected at birth (gestational age at birth, sex, maternal body mass index, age, parental education, parental language, parental history of neurodevelopmental conditions) and at 18 months (parents cohabiting, measures of socio-economic deprivation, measures of maternal parenting style, and a measure of maternal depression). Autism traits were assessed using the Quantitative Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (Q-CHAT) at 18 months. A multivariable model explained 20% of Q-CHAT variance, with four individually significant variables (two measures of parenting style and two measures of socio-economic deprivation). In order to address variable collinearity we used principal component analysis, finding that a component which was positively correlated with Q-CHAT was also correlated to measures of parenting style and socio-economic deprivation. Our results show that parenting style and socio-economic deprivation correlate with the emergence of autism traits at age 18 months as measured with the Q-CHAT in a community sample.

Parental Upbringing, Nutritional Status, and Physical Activity in Preschoolers

Introduction: in Mexico the prevalence of childhood obesity has experienced an alarming increase; it was reported that 9,7 % of children under 5 years of age were suffering from overweight or obesity. This situation was exacerbated in the northern region of the country with a prevalence of 13,2 %. Within this context, Parenting Style has been identified as a determinant factor in children's eating behavior, directly influencing their Body Mass Index. Aim: to understand the relationship between Parenting Styles (General and by type of Parenting Style), Body Mass Index, and Physical Activity of preschoolers. Methodology: a cross-sectional, descriptive, and correlational study involved 664 individuals, comprising 332 mother/child dyads, aged between 3 and 5 years. Variables were measured using the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ) and the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Parents of Preschool Children, with descriptive and correlational statistics being conducted. Results: a positive and significant correlation was found between the Democratic Parenteral Parenting Style with the minutes that preschoolers dedicated to performing mild physical activities (rs = 0,136, p<0,05) and moderate physical activities (rs = 0,172, p<0,01). ). Permissive and authoritarian parenting styles did not show significant relationships with minutes of physical activity. Discussion: despite the lack of correlation between the general Parenting Style and BMI, this finding underscores the complexity of factors shaping children's physical activity, suggesting the need for multifaceted strategies that include parental education, improvements in infrastructure, and public policies to promote a healthy lifestyle among children

Psychological Well-Being Among Adolescents: The Role of Parenting Styles, Causal Attributions of Academic Success/Failure, and Perceived School Performance

We investigated the effects of perceived parenting styles, causal attributions for academic success/failure, and perceived school performance (PSP) on adolescents’ psychological well-being (PWB). Participants were 200 Brazilian adolescents who answered the Parenting Styles & Dimensions Questionnaire, the Psychological Well-Being Scale, and the Rating Scale of Causal Attributions for Academic Success/Failure (RSCA). The results showed that adolescents’ PWB was predicted by authoritative parenting style (APS), internal and controllable attributions (appropriate motivations to cope with academic success/failure; ICASF), and PSP. In addition, we tested a mediation model showing that the ICASF mediated the relationship between APS and PSP, which in turn led to better PWB. These results highlighted the relevance of parenting styles and school-based causal attributions for the understanding of adolescents’ mental health. Our findings can support interventions that enable more effective teaching–learning processes, which are associated with higher levels of mental health for the adolescent population.

Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Orang Tua Terhadap Perilaku Beragama Siswa

Students' religious behavior can be influenced by parental leadership style. When parents adopt an authoritarian leadership style, there may be a decrease in students' religious behavior. This research aims to describe the relationship between parental leadership style, students' religious behavior, and its impact. Conducted at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Al-Wathoniyah1A Duren Sawit, East Jakarta, this research employs a descriptive quantitative method with correlation statistical analysis. From a population of 203 students, a sample of 50 students was taken, using a questionnaire for data collection. The analysis results indicate that both parental leadership style and students' academic achievement fall into the good category. The results also show a significant influence between parental leadership style and students' religious behavior, with a correlation coefficient of 0.787, exceeding the critical value of 0.250 at a significance level of 0.01. The obtained R2 of 0.705 indicates that parental leadership style influences students' religious behavior by 70.5%.

HUBUNGAN POLA ASUH ORANG TUA DAN KARIES TERHADAP OHRQoL PADA ANAK USIA PRASEKOLAH

Background: Children's dental and oral health problems are caused by many factors including parenting style which has a major influence on children's health and development. In Tanah Bumbu District, children aged over 3 years had a proportion of 50.74% with broken teeth, cavities and pain. Dental caries can cause disruption of children's quality of life such as sleep disturbances, eating disorders, loss of concentration in learning, infections, and other dangerous cases in children. Objective: To determine the relationship between parenting style and caries towards OHRQoL in preschool-aged children in Sungai Loban District. Method: Analytic observational study with a cross sectional approach. The sampling technique of non-probability sampling uses quota sampling. The population is all kindergartens in Sungai Loban District, namely 23 kindergartens with 918 children. The minimum sample size was calculated using the correlational analytic formula and the results obtained were 40 respondents consisting of parents and children taken from 3 kindergartens, namely Harapan Bersama Kindergarten, Taman Sari Kindergarten and Tunas Dewata Kindergarten, Sungai Loban District. Results: Most parents' parenting style has a democratic pattern; the average def-t index is 5.5 and belongs to the high category. The results of the Spearman correlation test showed that there was not a relationship between parenting style and OHRQoL (p>0.05). The results of the Spearman correlation test analysis showed that there was a relationship between caries and OHRQoL (p<0.05). Conclusion: There is a relationship between parenting style and caries to OHRQoL in preschool-aged children in Kindergarten in Sungai Loban District.Keywords: Caries, OHRQoL, Parenting, Preschool children.

Interrelatedness of Family and Parenting Risk Factors for Juvenile Delinquency: A Network Study in U.S. and Dutch Juveniles.

Family interventions that address a diversity of family and parenting factors are often used to prevent juvenile delinquency, but are effective to only a limited extent. This study applied a network approach to risk factors for juvenile delinquency and examined the interrelatedness of specifically family and parenting risk factors in a U.S. and separate Dutch sample of juveniles and their family members. Differences in interrelatedness between these samples were examined as well. Secondary analyses were conducted on data collected in the United States with the Washington State Juvenile Court Assessment (WSJCA) and on data collected in the Netherlands with a Dutch-adapted translation of the WSJCA. Network analyses were performed, separately for the U.S. (N = 13,613) and Dutch (N = 3,630) sample, on seven risk factors that were assessed with a three-point Likert scale ranging from each factor's protective side to a corresponding risk side. In the U.S. sample network, "inadequate parental punishment" and "lack of parental supervision" that both refer to an authoritarian parenting style were the most "central" factors and had the strongest associations with the other risk factors. In the Dutch sample network, "the family not providing opportunities" and "inadequate parental reward" were the most "central" factors, which refer to an authoritative parenting style. The family and parenting factors identified as most central in the networks may be promising to address in family interventions, as it can be expected that both the directly addressed problems and their correlated problems will improve. The current results may inform attempts to strengthen family interventions for juvenile delinquency in the United States and the Netherlands.

Factors associated with informal and formal help-seeking among Asian adolescents with nonsuicidal self-injury.

Although nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is prevalent among adolescents and is associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes, many adolescents with NSSI do not seek help. However, there is a lack of research on the factors that may increase the likelihood of help-seeking, especially within Asia. To address this gap, the present study examined whether certain factors were associated with informal and formal help-seeking - specifically gender, severity of NSSI, functions of NSSI and authoritative parenting. 121 adolescents (Mage = 16.2years, 71.1% female) were recruited from specialist outpatient clinics and inpatient psychiatric wards from a public hospital in Singapore. One caregiver per adolescent was also recruited. Data from self-report questionnaires were analysed using logistics regression analyses. The results suggest that the severity of NSSI increases the likelihood of informal help-seeking, while adolescents who have parents with more authoritative parenting style are less likely to seek informal help. Gender and functions of NSSI were not found to be associated with help-seeking. The findings from this study can guide professionals in their efforts to encourage help-seeking within Asian populations, as well as inform prevention and treatment programs for Asian adolescents with NSSI.