Parental Strain Research Articles

The role of cydB gene in the biofilm formation by Campylobacter jejuni

Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of food- and water-borne bacterial infections in humans. A key factor helping bacteria to survive adverse environmental conditions is biofilm formation ability. Nonetheless, the molecular basis underlying biofilm formation by C. jejuni remains poorly understood. Around thirty genes involved in the regulation and dynamics of C. jejuni biofilm formation have been described so far. We applied random transposon mutagenesis to identify new biofilm-associated genes in C. jejuni strain 81–176. Of 1350 mutants, twenty-four had a decreased ability to produce biofilm compared to the wild-type strain. Some mutants contained insertions in genes previously reported to affect the biofilm formation process. The majority of identified genes encoded hypothetical proteins. In the library of EZ-Tn5 insertion mutants, we found the cydB gene associated with respiration that was not previously linked with biofilm formation in Campylobacter. To study the involvement of the cydB gene in biofilm formation, we constructed a non-marked deletion cydB mutant together with a complemented mutant. We found that the cydB deletion-mutant formed a weaker biofilm of loosely organized structure and lower volume than the parent strain. In the present study, we demonstrated the role of the cydB gene in biofilm formation by C. jejuni.

Improvement of succinate production from methane by combining rational engineering and laboratory evolution in Methylomonas sp. DH-1

Recently, methane has been considered a next-generation carbon feedstock due to its abundance and it is main component of shale gas and biogas. Methylomonas sp. DH-1 has been evaluated as a promising industrial bio-catalyst candidate. Succinate is considered one of the top building block chemicals in the agricultural, food, and pharmaceutical industries. In this study, succinate production by Methylomonas sp. DH-1 was improved by combining adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) technology with genetic engineering in the chromosome of Methylomonas sp. DH-1, such as deletion of bypass pathway genes (succinate dehydrogenase and succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase) or overexpression of genes related with succinate production (citrate synthase, pyruvate carboxylase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase). Through ALE, the maximum consumption rate of substrate gases (methane and oxygen) and the duration maintaining high substrate gas consumption rates was enhanced compared to those of the parental strain. Based on the improved methane consumption, cell growth (OD600) increased more than twice, and the succinate titer increased by ~ 48% from 218 to 323 mg/L. To prevent unwanted succinate consumption, the succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase gene was deleted from the genome. The first enzyme of TCA cycle (citrate synthase) was overexpressed. Pyruvate carboxylase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, which produce oxaloacetate, a substrate for citrate synthase, were also overproduced by a newly identified strong promoter. The new strong promoter was screened from RNA sequencing data. When these modifications were combined in one strain, the maximum titer (702 mg/L) was successfully improved by more than three times. This study demonstrates that successful enhancement of succinic acid production can be achieved in methanotrophs through additional genetic engineering following adaptive laboratory evolution.

Cyber Sex Crimes Targeting Children and Adolescents in South Korea: Incidents and Legal Challenges

This review paper addresses the growing and increasingly sophisticated issue of cyber sexual crimes targeting children and adolescents. It explores specific examples of various sexual offenses, analyzes the limitations of current legal frameworks, and offers practical recommendations for prevention. As one of the world’s most advanced digital societies, South Korea has witnessed a significant rise in such crimes. These incidents are classified into clear criminal acts, tactics used to lure minors, and occurrences within virtual environments, all of which should be integral to educational programs for children and parents. This study also examines the UK’s Online Safety Act, recognized as a leading model in combating online sexual offenses, and highlights the deficiencies in South Korean law. Given that these crimes often extend into the offline world, exploit vulnerable groups with increasing subtlety, and are challenging for individuals to counteract alone, there is a critical need for specialized education for minors, metaverse training for parents, and the enhancement of both legal measures and international cooperation in this area.

Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation for d-lactic acid production using a metabolically engineered Escherichia coli adapted to high temperature

BackgroundEscherichia coli JU15 is a metabolically engineered strain capable to metabolize C5 and C6 sugars with a high yield of d-lactic acid production at its optimal growth temperature (37 °C). The simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process allow to use lignocellulosic biomass as a cost-effective and high-yield strategy. However, this process requires microorganisms capable of growth at a temperature close to 50 °C, at which the activity of cellulolytic enzymes works efficiently.ResultsThe thermotolerant strain GT48 was generated by adaptive laboratory evolution in batch and chemostat cultures under temperature increments until 48 °C. The strain GT48 was able to grow and ferment glucose to d-lactate at 47 °C. It was found that a pH of 6.3 conciliated with GT48 growth and cellulase activity of a commercial cocktail. Hence, this pH was used for the SSF of a diluted acid-pretreated corn stover (DAPCS) at a solid load of 15% (w/w), 15 FPU/g-DAPCS, and 47 °C. Under such conditions, the strain GT48 exhibited remarkable performance, producing d-lactate at a level of 1.41, 1.42, and 1.48-fold higher in titer, productivity, and yield, respectively, compared to parental strain at 45 °C.ConclusionsIn general, our results show for the first time that a thermal-adapted strain of E. coli is capable of being used in the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process without pre-saccharification stage at high temperatures.

Resistance risk and resistance-associated point mutations in the target protein PcVHA-a of fluopimomide in Phytophthora capsici

Fluopimomide, developed by Shandong Sino-Agri United Biotechnology Co., Ltd., is a pyridinylmethyl-benzamide fungicide with good activity against plant diseases caused by phytopathogenic oomycetes. However, there is uncertainty surrounding the resistance risk of fluopimomide and its resistance mechanism in Phytophthora capsici. In this study, the baseline sensitivity of P. capsici to fluopimomide was established, and 106 P. capsici isolates shown sensitive to fluopimomide, with a mean EC50 value of 5.1892 ± 2.2613 μg/mL. Fungicide adaptation produced three fluopimomide-resistant P. capsici mutants, two of which exhibited considerably lower compound fitness index (CFI) than the parent strain, and one showed significantly improved CFI. While cross-resistance was observed between fluopimomide and fluopicolide, no cross-resistance was detected between fluopimomide and other fungicides. Overall, P. capsici presents a moderate resistance risk to fluopimomide. Two point mutations, G767E and K847R, were identified in the V-ATPase subunit a of P. capsici (PcVHA-a) in resistant mutants. These mutations were subsequently validated through site-directed mutagenesis and molecular docking assays, confirming their role in conferring fluopimomide resistance in P. capsici.

A comparative study of the growth indicators of infants born before and during the Covid-19 pandemic

IntroductionGrowth disorders pose significant mental and physical health challenges with long-term complications for children. As monitoring children's growth is of paramount importance, in the present study attempts are made to compare growth indicators of infants from birth to 12 months before and during the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic. Material and methodThe present descriptive-analytical study was conducted using cluster sampling method in 10 comprehensive healthcare centers and on 200 infants in southwest of Iran during 2023. The infants’ health records and growth chart before and during the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic served as data collection instruments. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 21 software and descriptive and analytical statistics. ResultEconomic hardship, job loss, maternal disease and neonatal acquired disease were found to be significantly higher during the pandemic outbreak compared to the pre-pandemic time. the average weight and BMI of the infants in both groups showed no significant difference from birth to two months old, but the difference was found to be significantly higher from 4 months to 1-year-old among infants born during the pandemic (P-value<0.05). Result this study showed that during the pandemic trend of The age of word articulation by infants was increasing (P-value=0.022) and at this time 6 cases of missed vaccination were observed. ConclusionThe results indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic can affect the growth and development of infants, and may, in some cases, disrupt the growth and routine vaccination schedule during infancy and breastfeeding, which should be prevented by proper parental training.

Efektivitas Pelatihan Mindful Parenting Terhadap Penurunan Kecenderungan Child Maltreatment pada Anak Usia Dini

Child maltreatment is a risky act and it has a serious impact, especially for early childhood. Mindful parenting training is one of the parenting concepts that can minimize the occurrence of child maltreatment. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of mindful parenting training on reducing the tendency of child maltreatment in parents. This study uses a pre-experimental design method with a one group pre-test-post-test design. The sample selection was determined using purposive sampling technique. The subjects in this study amounted to 35 parents of students at Aisyah Integrated Birrul Walidain Kindergarten in Kudus, Central Java. Hypothesis testing was conducted using paired sample t-test, where a significance value of P = 0.000 (P &lt; 0.05) was obtained, which means that the hypothesis is accepted. In other words, mindful parenting is effective in reducing the tendency of child maltreatment by parents in early childhood.

The efflux system CdfX exports zinc that cannot be transported by ZntA in Cupriavidus metallidurans.

Cupriavidus metallidurans is able to survive exposure to high concentrations of transition metals, but is also able to grow under metal starvation conditions. A prerequisite of cellular zinc homeostasis is a flow equilibrium combining zinc uptake and efflux processes. The mutant strain ∆e4 of the parental plasmid-free strain AE104 with a deletion of all four chromosomally encoded genes of previously known efflux systems ZntA, CadA, DmeF, and FieF was still able to efflux zinc in a pulse-chase experiment, indicating the existence of a fifth efflux system. The gene cdfX, encoding a protein of the cation diffusion facilitator (CDF) family, is located in proximity to the cadA gene, encoding a P-type ATPase. Deletion of cdfX in the ∆e4 mutant resulted in a further decrease in zinc resistance. Pulse-chase experiments with radioactive 65Zn(II) and stable-isotope-enriched 67Zn(II) provided evidence that CdfX was responsible for the residual zinc efflux activity of the mutant strain ∆e4. Reporter gene fusions with cdfX-lacZ indicated that the MerR-type regulator ZntR, the main regulator of zntA expression, was responsible for zinc- and cadmium-dependent upregulation of cdfX expression, especially in mutant cells lacking one or both of the previously characterized efflux systems, ZntA and CadA. Expression of zntR also proved to be controlled by ZntR itself as well as by zinc and cadmium availability. These data indicate that the cdfX-cadA region provides C. metallidurans with a backup system for the zinc-cadmium-exporting P-type ATPase ZntA, with CdfX exporting zinc and CadA cadmium.IMPORTANCEBacteria have evolved the ability to supply the important trace element zinc to zinc-dependent proteins, despite external zinc concentrations varying over a wide range. Zinc homeostasis can be understood as adaptive layering of homeostatic systems, allowing coverage from extreme starvation to extreme resistance. Central to zinc homeostasis is a flow equilibrium of zinc comprising uptake and efflux reactions, which adjusts the cytoplasmic zinc content. This report describes what happens when an imbalance in zinc and cadmium concentrations impairs the central inner-membrane zinc efflux system for zinc by competitive inhibition for this exporter. The problem is solved by activation of Cd-exporting CadA or Zn-exporting CdfX as additional efflux systems.

Development of a novel treatment based on PKMYT1 inhibition for cisplatin-resistant bladder cancer with miR-424-5p-dependent cyclin E1 amplification

BackgroundChemotherapy including cisplatin is recommended for the treatment of advanced bladder cancer, but its effectiveness is limited due to the acquisition of drug resistance. Although several mechanisms of cisplatin resistance have been reported, there are still many unknowns, and treatment of cisplatin-resistant bladder cancer remains difficult. Accordingly, in this study, we aimed to identify and characterize microRNAs involved in cisplatin resistance.MethodsSmall RNA sequencing analysis was performed to search for microRNAs related to cisplatin resistance. The identified microRNAs were then characterized using gain-of-function studies, sensitivity analysis, target gene analysis, and cellular assays.ResultsWe identified miR-424-5p as a candidate microRNA that was downregulated in cisplatin-resistant strains compared with parental strains. Notably, in gain-of-function studies, miR-424-5p suppressed the proliferative ability of cisplatin-resistant bladder cancer (CDDP-R BC). Furthermore, miR-424-5p restored sensitivity to cisplatin. RNA sequence analysis revealed seven candidate genes targeted by this microRNA. Among them, cyclin E1 (CCNE1) was chosen for subsequent analyses because its expression was upregulated in cisplatin-resistant cells compared with parental cells and because recent studies have shown that CCNE1 amplification is synthetic lethal with PKMYT1 kinase inhibition. Therefore, we performed functional analysis using the PKMYT1 inhibitor RP-6306 and demonstrated that RP-6306 inhibited cell growth through suppression of mitotic entry and restored cisplatin sensitivity in CDDP-R BC.ConclusionsOverall, our findings provided insights into the development of novel therapeutic strategies for CDDP-R BC.

Enhancement of Family-Centred Care Is Associated with a Reduction in Postmenstrual Age at Discharge in Preterm Infants

Background/Objectives: Long hospitalisation has been recognized as an independent risk factor for poor neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants. Systematic training and early inclusion of parents in their preterm infant’s care is a strategy to shorten the length of hospital stay. We implemented an enhanced stepwise family-centred care program and assessed its effects on postmenstrual age (PMA) at discharge and parental satisfaction. Methods: This prospective single-centre longitudinal cohort study was carried out in a German level III neonatal unit from October 2020 to May 2023. Five consecutive 6-month cohorts (1 baseline and 4 intervention cohorts, 169 infants and their caregivers) were analysed. Results: Mean PMA at discharge did not change in the total cohort but declined significantly in patients without neonatal morbidities from baseline to cohort 4 (37.2 ± 1.4 to 36.1 ± 1.6 weeks; p = 0.036). Concomitantly, discharge with tube feeding raised from 2.4% to 74.1% (p &lt; 0.001) and discharge with home monitoring raised from 9.8% to 74.1% (p &lt; 0.001), while unplanned readmissions remained unchanged (p = 0.44). Parental satisfaction with time point of discharge increased non-significantly from baseline to cohort 4 (75.8% vs. 95.7%; Chi2 0.22). Conclusions: Discharge of preterm infants at a significantly lower PMA is feasible through enhancement of family-centred care and is very well accepted by parents.

Emergence of metabolic coupling to the heterotroph Alteromonas promotes dark survival in Prochlorococcus

Abstract Prochlorococcus is found throughout the euphotic zone in the oligotrophic open ocean. Deep mixing and sinking while attached to particles can, however, transport Prochlorococcus cells below this sunlit zone, depriving them of light for extended periods of time. Previous work has shown that Prochlorococcus by itself cannot survive extended periods of darkness. However, when co-cultured with a heterotrophic microbe and subjected to repeated periods of extended darkness, Prochlorococcus cells develop an epigenetically inherited dark-tolerant phenotype that can survive longer periods of darkness. Here we examine the metabolic and physiological changes underlying this adaptation using co-cultures of dark-tolerant and parental strains of Prochlorococcus, each grown with the heterotroph Alteromonas under diel light:dark conditions. The relative abundance of Alteromonas was higher in dark-tolerant than parental co-cultures, while dark-tolerant Prochlorococcus cells were larger, contained less chlorophyll, and were less synchronized to the light:dark cycle. Meta-transcriptome analysis revealed that dark-tolerant co-cultures undergo a joint change, in which Prochlorococcus undergoes a relative shift from photosynthesis to respiration, while Alteromonas shifts towards using more organic acids instead of sugars. Furthermore, the transcriptome data suggested enhanced biosynthesis of amino acids and purines in dark-tolerant Prochlorococcus and enhanced degradation of these compounds in Alteromonas. Collectively, our results demonstrate that dark adaptation involves a strengthening of the metabolic coupling between Prochlorococcus and Alteromonas, presumably mediated by an enhanced, and compositionally modified, carbon exchange between the two species.

Thermo-adaptive evolution of Corynebacterium glutamicum reveals the regulatory functions of fasR and hrcA in heat tolerance

BackgroundHigh-temperature fermentation technology is promising in improving fermentation speed and product quality, and thereby widely used in various fields such as food, pharmaceuticals, and biofuels. However, extreme temperature conditions can disrupt cell membrane structures and interfere with the functionality of biological macromolecules (e.g. proteins and RNA), exerting detrimental effects on cellular viability and fermentation capability.ResultsHerein, a microbial thermotolerance improvement strategy was developed based on adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) for efficient high-temperature fermentation. Employing this strategy, we have successfully obtained Corynebacterium glutamicum strains with superior resistance to high temperatures. Specifically, the genome analysis indicated that the evolved strains harbored 13 missense genetic mutations and 3 same-sense genetic mutations compared to the non-evolved parent strain. Besides, reverse transcription quantitative PCR analysis (RT qPCR) of the hrcA-L119P mutant demonstrated that both groEL genes were upregulated under 42 °C, which enabled the construction of robust strains with improved heat tolerance. Furthermore, a significant increase in FAS-IA and FAS-IB expression of the fasR-L102F strain was proved to play a key role in protecting cells against heat stress.ConclusionsThis work systematically reveals the thermotolerance mechanisms of Corynebacterium glutamicum and opens a new avenue for revolutionizing the design of cell factories to boost fermentation efficiency.

Understanding caregivers' needs: supporting families of autistic children

Parenting a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) poses significant emotional, financial, and social challenges to caregivers. This paper examines the experiences of caregivers, highlighting their increased stress, burnout, and mental health concerns. The importance of accessible information resources, respite care services, emotional support networks, and financial assistance programs is emphasized. Effective strategies for supporting caregivers include educating them about ASD symptoms, treatments, and therapies, teaching coping mechanisms for managing challenging behaviors, and promoting collaboration between healthcare providers and caregivers. Policy implications are discussed, including advocating for legislative modifications that prioritize caregiver needs, promoting inclusionary practices within educational systems, and increasing funding for early intervention programs and caregiver support services. The implementation of parent training programs, collaborative relationships between educators and caregivers, and professional development opportunities for educators are also recommended. This study aims to inform policymakers, healthcare professionals, and educators about the critical role of caregiver support in improving outcomes for children with ASD. By addressing caregiver needs and providing comprehensive support, we can enhance the well-being of both caregivers and children with ASD.

Mobile App-Assisted Parent Training Intervention for Behavioral Problems in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

In children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), problem behaviors play a dysfunctional role, causing as much difficulty with daily living and adjustment as the core symptoms. If such behaviors are not effectively addressed, they can result in physical, economic, and psychological issues not only for the individual but also for family members. We aimed to develop and evaluate the feasibility of a mobile app-assisted parent training program for reducing problem behaviors in children with ASD. This open-label, single-center, randomized controlled trial was conducted among parents of children with ASD aged 36-84 months. Participants were recruited from the Department of Psychiatry at Seoul National University Hospital. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) by a blinded researcher. Randomization was performed using a stratified block randomization (with a block size of 4). Parents in the intervention group completed the mobile app-assisted parent training program at home over a 12-week period. They continued to receive their usual nondrug treatment in addition to the mobile app-assisted parent training program. The control group continued to receive their usual nonpharmaceutical treatment for 12 weeks without receiving the parent training program intervention. The primary outcome measure was the median change in the Korean Child Behavior Checklist (K-CBCL) scores from before to after the intervention. Lower scores on the K-CBCL indicated a decrease in overall problem behavior. Between November 9, 2022, and December 8, 2022, 64 participants were enrolled. Overall, 42 children (intervention group median age: 49, IQR 41-52.5 months; control group median age: 49, IQR 42-58 months) of the participants joined the program. The intervention group included 20 (48%) participants and the control group included 22 (52%) participants. In the intervention group, the K-CBCL total scores showed a decrease after the intervention, with a median difference of -0.5 (95% CI -4.5 to 3). Pervasive developmental disorder scores also showed a decrease, with a median difference of -2.1 (95% CI -8.5 to 2.5). However, there was no significant difference in Clinical Global Impression-Severity of Illness scores after the intervention for both the control and intervention groups. Scores on the Korean version of the Social Communication Questionnaire showed a further decrease after the intervention in the intervention group (median difference -2, 95% CI -4 to 1). Caregivers' stress evaluated using the Korean Parenting Stress Index Fourth Edition-Short Form did not show any significant differences between the control and intervention groups. There were no adverse events related to study participation. The findings demonstrated the feasibility of using mobile devices for evidence-based parent training to reduce problem behaviors in children with ASD. Mobile devices' accessibility and flexibility may provide a viable alternative for offering early intervention for problem behaviors in children with ASD. CRIS KCT0007841; https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/search/detailSearch.do?&seq=23112.

Ceftazidime-avibactam resistance in KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae accompanied hypermucoviscosity acquisition

BackgroundAntimicrobial resistance and bacterial hypermucoviscosity, associated with escalating production of capsules, constitute major challenges for the clinical management of Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) infections. This study investigates the association and underlying mechanism between ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ-AVI) resistance and bacterial hypermucoviscosity in Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing K. pneumoniae (KPC-Kp).ResultsThe proportion of CAZ-AVI-sensitive clinical isolates exhibiting the hypermucoviscous phenotype was significantly lower than that of the resistant strains (5.6% vs. 46.7%, P < 0.001). To further verify the correlation and molecular mechanism between CAZ-AVI resistance and hypermucoviscosity, 10 CAZ-AVI-resistant isolates were generated through in vitro resistance selection from CAZ-AVI-sensitive KPC-Kp. The results showed the same association as it showed in the clinical isolates, with four out of ten induced CAZ-AVI-resistant isolates transitioning from negative to positive in the string tests. Comparative genomic analysis identified diverse mutations in the wzc gene, crucial for capsule polysaccharide (CPS) synthesis, in all four CAZ-AVI-resistant hypermucoviscous KPC-Kp strains compared to the parent strains. However, these mutations were absent in the other six KPC-Kp strains that did not exhibit induced hypermucoviscosity. Cloning of the wzc gene variants and their expression in wild-type strains confirmed that mutations in the wzc gene can induce bacterial hypermucoviscosity and heightened virulence, however, they do not confer resistance to CAZ-AVI.ConclusionsThese results indicated that resistance to CAZ-AVI in KPC-Kp isolates may be accompanied by the acquisition of hypermucoviscosity, with mutations in the wzc gene often involving in this process.

Resistance to the SDHI Fungicide Pydiflumetofen in Fusarium solani: Risk Assessment and Resistance-Related Point Mutation in FsSdhC Gene.

Peanut root rot (PRR) is a prevalent and destructive plant disease attributed to Fusarium solani. Pydiflumetofen (Pyd) is a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) with antifungal activity against F. solani, yet its resistance mechanism has been inadequately explored. In this study, the EC50 values for Pyd against 93 F. solani strains ranged from 0.0095 to 0.3815 μg/mL, with all strains displaying a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ≤1 μg/mL. Four Pyd-resistant (PR) mutants were obtained, exhibiting stable resistance levels and comparable fitness to their parental strains in terms of mycelia growth, hyphal tip morphology, asexual reproduction, and virulence assessment. Five-point mutations, including FsSdhC1A82V, FsSdhC2L76M, FsSdhC2L135V, FsSdhC2F137L, and FsSdhC2F147L, were identified in the PR mutants. However, molecular docking analysis indicated that only FsSdhC1A82V and FsSdhC2L135V could influence the sensitivity of F. solani to Pyd. These findings help evaluate F. solani's resistance to Pyd and guide future PRR management with this fungicide.

Cultural Adaptation of RUBI Intervention with Korean Families(K-RUBI): A Mixed Method Study.

Challenging behaviors of young autistic children remain a major parenting challenge for many of their family members, including caregivers. Caregivers from underrepresented cultural or linguistic backgrounds may experience exacerbated difficulties related to challenging behaviors due to limited access to culturally sustaining and responsive interventions. Evidence-based behavior parent training programs, such as RUBI, are highly effective in increasing caregivers' capacity in preventing and responding to these behaviors in naturalistic settings using behavior analytic principles. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness, acceptability, and feasibility of the culturally adapted RUBI program with underserved families. We conduct a convergent mixed-methods study using a pilot randomized controlled trial with a waitlist control group and focus group interviews with 31 Korean families of young children with or suspected of autism. The Korean RUBI underwent rigorous cultural adaptation using the Cultural Adaptation Checklist, including the use of multiple community advisory boards to inform cultural adaptation. Both quantitative and qualitative findings revealed significant improvements in parents' confidence and knowledge in behavioral principles and decrease in severity of challenging behaviors, which suggest clinical utility of RUBI in an underrepresented, low-resourced community. A culturally adapted intervention for a different population can be perceived as a newly constructed intervention. This study provides insight on the systematic process of cultural adaptation of an established autism intervention and effectiveness, feasibility, and acceptability of RUBI.

Implementing LEARN: Comprehensive Suicide Prevention Training for High School Students, Parents, and School Personnel.

Adolescent suicide is a public health issue, and school is an ideal setting for prevention activities. LEARN is a peer-led gatekeeper training for high school personnel, parents, and students. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of LEARN as a gatekeeper training. Paired t tests were used to compare pre- and post-training surveys for 4983 LEARN participants. Participants reported an increased likelihood of engaging in each LEARN step: looking for signs, empathizing and listening, asking about suicide thoughts and plans, reducing danger, and connecting the person with help. Most participants were highly satisfied with the peer trainer's delivery of content. LEARN gatekeeper training was successfully implemented in high schools with students, parents, and school personnel. All groups reported increases in likelihood of approaching and providing support and connections for at-risk individuals and rated the trainer as effective, indicating satisfaction with the peer-led training format.

Fermentative and Enological Features of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Populations Generated Through Adaptive Laboratory Evolution

Adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) is a non-GMO technique utilized for the amelioration of wine yeast strains. Employing two-step ALE strategies, we recently acquired six evolved Saccharomyces cerevisiae populations with improved fermentative abilities compared to their parental strains in synthetic broths. Herein, we evaluated the qualities of the abovementioned evolved populations under real winemaking conditions, using the grape musts Assyrtiko and Roditis. The ethanol-tolerant populations evolved solely with glucose delayed to complete the fermentation due to slow fructose assimilation, albeit showing improved ethanol yields, compared to their parental strains. The volatile compounds of the evolved populations were significantly different from those of parental strains. Statistically significant differences were observed in the organoleptic profiles between the evolved populations’ and parental strains’ wines. Notably, wine from one evolved population (BLR200) was rated higher in overall aroma and quality. This study supports the magnitude of ALE strategies for the generation of novel wine yeasts.

Research on the Interactive Effects of Parenting Advertising Under the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGS)

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the different effects of advertising interactive experiences, and explore effective advertising interactive methods, to provide effective parenting advertising training for abusive parents. Theoretical Framework: Refers to the multi-sensory advertising interaction model based on the studies before, such as the AIEDA tourism advertising effects model, schema congruence theory, and a spiral brand experience concept. Method: This study conducted the distinct "Systematic Literature Review Synthesis Process", a stand-alone literature review typology that helps make sense of a chosen body of current literature and helps determine the theoretical framework at the early stages of research ideation. Results and Discussion: The results revealed that visual, auditory, and multi-sensory interactions all have different elements and characteristics and could cause different levels of attention, memory, and emotions for audiences. Research Implications: The results are expected to guide the development of a theoretical framework for combining advertising and user experience interaction. Originality/Value: The research helps to identify interactive sensory experience characteristics in advertisements, guide the effective dissemination of parenting public service advertisements, and create a happier family atmosphere for children, to promote SDG 3 on ensuring healthy lifestyles and promoting the well-being of people of all ages.